Beam

BEAM NO.
𝐿 = 8.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝐷𝐿 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠
+ 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻𝐵
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (0.1 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 2.35 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐷𝐿 = 5.03 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = 2.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊 = (1.2)(5.03 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = 9.88 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
Assume size of the beam; 𝑏 = 350 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑑 = 600 𝑚𝑚
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵1 = (1.2)(. 35 𝑚)(. 60 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻𝐵 = (1.2)(2.54 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) = 3.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵1 = (9.88 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 )(1.0 𝑚) + 5.94𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 3.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

= 18.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 18.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)2

𝑀𝑢 = = = 150.96 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
III. Solve for "𝒅"
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
150.96 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 419.5 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 420 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (410 𝑚𝑚) = 273.33 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 280 𝑚𝑚
3
IV. Steel Requirements
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(280 𝑚𝑚)(420 𝑚𝑚) = 1634.64 𝑚𝑚2

Use 25 mm ∅ steel bar
𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋(25 𝑚𝑚)2

𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 1634.64 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 3.33 𝑠𝑎𝑦 4 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑎𝑏 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(280 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (4)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 110.03 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝜋 110.03 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (4)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 420 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 177885962.4 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 177.89 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
177.89 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 150.96 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
∴ 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
Stirrups (Use 10 mm ∅ steel bar)
18.87𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = − ((18.87 𝑘𝑁)/𝑚)(0.42 𝑚) = 67.55 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (280 𝑚𝑚)(420 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 89131.53 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 89.13 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 67.55 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 89.13 𝑘𝑁 = −9.66 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (280 𝑚𝑚)(420 𝑚𝑚) = 178.26 𝑘𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
𝑉𝑠 < √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 ∴ 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑜𝑟 600 𝑚𝑚 (𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟)
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(89.13 𝑘𝑁)
= = 37.88 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑢 > (𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠)
2
𝑥 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
18.87𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)
− (18.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(𝑥) = 37.88 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑥 = 1.99 𝑚
Shear @ 0.50 𝑚 away from the support
18.87𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚) 18.87𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = −( ) (0.50 𝑚) = 66.05 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢 66.05 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 89.13 𝑘𝑁 = −11.42 𝑘𝑁 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜙 0.85
𝑑 420 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 210 𝑚𝑚
2 2
BEAM NO. 2
𝐿 = 2.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵2 = 1.70 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 3.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
= 4.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝑊𝐿2 4.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(2.0 𝑚)2

𝑀𝑢 = = = 2.38 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
2.38 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 105.18 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 110 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (100 𝑚𝑚) = 66.67 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 70 𝑚𝑚
3
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(70 𝑚𝑚)(110 𝑚𝑚) = 107. 03 𝑚𝑚2


𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 614.38 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 1.25 𝑠𝑎𝑦 2 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(170 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (2)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 90.61 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 90.61 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (2)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 260 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 52318898.99 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 52.32 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
52.32 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 38 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ∴ 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
4.75𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (2.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊(𝑑) = − (4.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.26 𝑚) = 3.52 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (170 𝑚𝑚)(260 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 33500.11 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 33.50 𝑘𝑁
𝜙𝑉𝑐 0.85(33.50 𝑘𝑁)
= = 14.27 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑉𝑢 < (𝑤⁄𝑜 𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑠)
2
Use maximum spacing of stirrups
𝑑 110 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 130 𝑚𝑚
2 2
BEAM NO. 3
𝐿 = 8.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑛𝑜. 1 = (0.2 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 4.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐷𝐿 = 7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = (2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊1 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑊1 = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1.0 𝑚) = 12.71 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (0.1 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 )(1.0 𝑚) = 2.35 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = (1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(1.0𝑚) = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(1.0𝑚) = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = (1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(1.0𝑚) = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝐷𝐿 = 5.03 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝐿𝐿 = (2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) (1.0𝑚) = 2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
𝑊2 = (1.2)(5.03 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚)
𝑊2 = 9.88 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚
(𝐵1 + 𝐵2 )(ℎ)(𝑊2 ) (8.0 𝑚 + 2.0 𝑚)(3.5 𝑚)(9.88 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊2 = = = 21.61 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2(𝐿) 2(8.0 𝑚)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵3 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3
= 12.71𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 21.61/𝑚 + 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
= 40.26 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 8.0 𝑚 + 6.0 𝑚
𝐿𝑛 = = = 7.0 𝑚
2 2
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛 2 40.26 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 197.27 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
10 10
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
197.27 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 458.63 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 460 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (460 𝑚𝑚) = 306.67 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 310 𝑚𝑚
3
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(310 𝑚𝑚)(460 𝑚𝑚) = 1982.14 𝑚𝑚2


𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 1982.14 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 4.04 𝑠𝑎𝑦 5 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(310 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (5)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 124.22 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 124.22 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (5)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 460 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 242403953.5 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 242.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
242.4 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 197.27 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
40.26 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = − (40.26 𝑘𝑁)/𝑚)(0.46 𝑚) = 142.52 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (310 𝑚𝑚)(460 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 108079.55 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 108.08 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 142.52 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 108.08 𝑘𝑁 = 59.59 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (310 𝑚𝑚)(460 𝑚𝑚) = 216.16 𝑘𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(108.08 𝑘𝑁)
= = 45.93 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
40.26 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚) 40.26
−( ) (𝑥) = 45.93 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚
𝑥 = 2.86 𝑚
Shear @ 𝑥 = 0.9 𝑚 away from the support
40.26 𝑚(8.0 𝑚) 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) = − (40.26 ) (0.90 𝑚) = 124.81 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢 124.81 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 108.08 𝑘𝑁 = 38.76 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
𝐴𝑣 = 157 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑑
𝑆=
𝑉𝑠
157 𝑚𝑚2 (275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(460 𝑚𝑚)
𝑆=
38.76 𝑘𝑁(1000)
𝑆 = 513.89 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 460 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2
= 2
= 230 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥
BEAM NO. 4
𝐿 = 8.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝐷𝐿 = 6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = (2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = (1.2)(6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

(𝐵)(ℎ)(𝑊) (6.0 𝑚)(3.0 𝑚)(11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊1 = = = 16.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2(𝐿) 2(6.0 𝑚)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵4 = 𝑊1 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵4
= 16.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 4.24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

= 21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝐿1 + 𝐿2 8.0 𝑚 + 6.0 𝑚
𝐿𝑛 = = = 7.0 𝑚
2 2
𝑊𝑢 𝐿𝑛 2 21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 94.35 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
94.35 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 358.66 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 370 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (370 𝑚𝑚) = 246.67 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 250 𝑚𝑚
3
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(250 𝑚𝑚)(370 𝑚𝑚) = 1285.75 𝑚𝑚2


𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 1285.75 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 2.62 𝑠𝑎𝑦 3 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(250 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (3)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 92.42 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 92.42 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (3)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 370 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 118356293.6 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 118.36 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
118.36 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 92.42 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚

21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(6.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = − (21.18𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.37 𝑚) = 55.7 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (250 𝑚𝑚)(370 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 70107.7 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 70.11 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 55.7 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 70.11 𝑘𝑁 = −4.58 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (250 𝑚𝑚)(370 𝑚𝑚) = 140.22 𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(70.11 𝑘𝑁)
= = 29.8 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(6.0 𝑚)
− (21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(𝑥) = 29.8 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑥 = 1.59 𝑚
21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(6.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) = − (21.18 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.50 𝑚) = 52.95 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑑 370 𝑚𝑚
= 2
BEAM NO. 5
𝐿 = 7.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 1 = (0.2 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 4.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐷𝐿 = 7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = 2.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊1 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊1 = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑏ℎ𝑊 (7𝑚)(3.5𝑚)(12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊= = = 22.24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2𝐿 2(7)
Assume size of the beam; = 350 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑑 = 600 𝑚𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵5 = 22.24𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 5.94𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 3.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
= 31.23 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 31.23𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)2
𝑀𝑢 = = = 139.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
11 11
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
139.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3(0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 408.23 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 410 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (410 𝑚𝑚) = 273.33 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 280 𝑚𝑚
3
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(280 𝑚𝑚)(410 𝑚𝑚) = 1595.72 𝑚𝑚2

𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 1595.72 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 3.25 𝑠𝑎𝑦 4 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(280 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (4)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 110.03 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 110.03 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (4)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 410 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 173012174.1 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 173.01𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
173.01 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 139.12 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
31.23 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 (7.0𝑚) 31.23 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = −( ) (0.41 𝑚) = 96.50 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (280 𝑚𝑚)(410 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 87009.35 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 87.01 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 96.50 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 87.01 𝑘𝑁 = 26.52𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (280 𝑚𝑚)(410 𝑚𝑚) = 174.02 𝑘𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(87.01 𝑘𝑁)
= = 36.98 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
31.23𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚) 𝑘𝑁
− (31.23 ) (𝑥) = 36.98 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚
𝑥 = 2.32 𝑚
Shear @ 0.50 𝑚 away from the support
31.23𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚) 31.23𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = −( ) (0.50 𝑚) = 66.05 𝑘𝑁
2 𝑚
𝑉𝑢 96.50 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 87.01 𝑘𝑁 = 26.52 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑑 157 𝑚𝑚2 (275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(410 𝑚𝑚)
𝑆= = = 669.43 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑠 26.52 𝑘𝑁(1000)
𝑑 410 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 205 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥
2 2
BEAM NO. 6
𝐿 = 7.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝐷𝐿 = 7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = 2.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑏ℎ𝑊 (7𝑚)(3.5𝑚)(12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊1 = = = 22.24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2𝐿 2(7)

𝐷𝐿 = 6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = (2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = (1.2)(6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

(𝐵1 + 𝐵2 )(ℎ)(𝑊) (7.0 𝑚 + 1.0 𝑚)(3.0 𝑚)(11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊2 = = = 19.35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2(𝐿) 2( 7.0 𝑚)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵3 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3
= 22.24𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 19.35𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

= 47.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 47.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)2

𝑀𝑢 = = = 293.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
293.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 523.66 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 530 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (530 𝑚𝑚) = 353.33 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 360 𝑚𝑚
3
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(360 𝑚𝑚)(530 𝑚𝑚) = 2652.12 𝑚𝑚2


𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 2652.12 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 5.40 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(360 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (6)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 128.36 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 128.36 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (6)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 450 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 282060750.5 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 282.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
282.06 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 293.64 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
47.94𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = − (47.94𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.53 𝑚) = 142.38 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (360 𝑚𝑚)(530 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 144611.35 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 144.61 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 142.38 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 144.61 𝑘𝑁 = 22.89 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (360 𝑚𝑚)(530 𝑚𝑚) = 289.22 𝑘𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(142.38 𝑘𝑁)
= = 60.51 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
47.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)
− (47.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(𝑥) = 60.51 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑥 = 2.24 𝑚
47.94 𝑚(7.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) = − (47.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.90 𝑚) = 124.65 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑉𝑢 124.65 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 144.61 𝑘𝑁 = 2.04 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
𝐴𝑣 = 157 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑑
𝑆=
𝑉𝑠
157 𝑚𝑚2 (275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(530 𝑚𝑚)
𝑆=
2.04 𝑘𝑁(1000)
𝑆 = 11249.67 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 530 𝑚𝑚
= 2
BEAM NO. 7
𝐿 = 7.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝐷𝐿 = 6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = (2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = (1.2)(6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

(𝐵1 + 𝐵2 )(ℎ)(𝑊) (7.0 𝑚 + 1.0 𝑚)(3.0 𝑚)(11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊1 = = = 19.35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2(𝐿) 2( 7.0 𝑚)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵3 = 2(𝑊1 ) + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3
= 2(19.35 𝑘𝑁/𝑚) + 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
= 44.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
II. Moment
𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 44.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)2

𝑀𝑢 = = = 273.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
273.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 511.46 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 520 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (520 𝑚𝑚) = 346.67 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 350 𝑚𝑚
3
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(350 𝑚𝑚)(520 𝑚𝑚) = 2529.8 𝑚𝑚2


𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 2529.8 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 5.15 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(350 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (6)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 132.03 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 132.03 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (6)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 520 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 331894017.4 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 331.89 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
331.89 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 273.6 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
44.64𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = − (44.64𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0. .52 𝑚) = 133.03 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (350 𝑚𝑚)(520 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 137941.65 𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 137.94 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 133.03 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 137.94 𝑘𝑁 = 18.57 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (360 𝑚𝑚)(530 𝑚𝑚) = 275.88 𝑘𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(137.94 𝑘𝑁)
= = 58.62 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
44.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)
− (44.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(𝑥) = 58.62 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑥 = 2.19 𝑚
44.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) = − (44.64 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.90 𝑚) = 116.06 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑉𝑢 116.06 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 137.94 𝑘𝑁 = −1.4 𝑘𝑁 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝜙 0.85
𝑑 520 𝑚𝑚
= 2
= 260 𝑚𝑚
BEAM NO. 9
𝐿 = 8.0 𝑚
I. Design Loads
𝑊 = 1.2𝐷𝐿 + 1.6𝐿𝐿
𝐷𝐿 = 7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = 2.4 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑊 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
(𝐵1 + 𝐵2 )(ℎ)(𝑊) (8.0 𝑚 + 1.0 𝑚)(3.5 𝑚)(12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊1 = = = 25.02 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2(𝐿) 2( 8.0 𝑚)

𝐷𝐿 = 7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝐿𝐿 = (2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )
𝑊 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2
𝑏ℎ𝑊 (8.0 𝑚)(4.5𝑚)(12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )

𝑊2 = = = 32.68 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2𝐿 2(7.0 𝑚)

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵3 = 𝑊1 + 𝑊2 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3 + 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐻𝐵
= 25.02𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 32.68𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 3.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
= 66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
I. Moment
𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)2

𝑀𝑢 = = = 533.52 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
8 8
II. Solve for "𝒅"
0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑃𝑏 = 0.75 [ ] = 0.75 [ ]
𝑓𝑦(600 + 𝑓𝑦) 275.8(600 + 275.8)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0278
1.4 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00507
𝑓𝑦 275.8
1 1
𝜌 = 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (0.0278) = 0.0139
2 2
𝜌𝑓𝑦
𝑤=
𝑓𝑐 ′
(0.0139)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)
𝑤= = 0.185
20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑2 𝑤(1 − .59𝑤)
1000 𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
533.52 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ( )( ) = 0.90(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( ) (𝑑)3 (0.185)[(1 − (0.59)(0.185)]
1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚 3
𝑑 = 638.99 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 640 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑏 = ( ) (640 𝑚𝑚) = 426.67 𝑚𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 430 𝑚𝑚
3
III. Steel Requirements
Main Bars
𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(430 𝑚𝑚)(640 𝑚𝑚) = 3825.28 𝑚𝑚2


𝐴25 = = = 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
4 4
𝐴𝑠 3825.28 𝑚𝑚2
𝑁= = = 7.79 𝑠𝑎𝑦 8 𝑝𝑐𝑠. 25 𝑚𝑚 ∅
𝐴25 490.87 𝑚𝑚2
𝐶=𝑇
𝜋
0.85(20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(𝑎)(430 𝑚𝑚) = [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (8)(275.8)
4
𝑎 = 143.29 𝑚𝑚
𝑎
𝑀𝑢 = 𝜙𝑇 ( 𝑑 − )
2
𝑎
2
𝜋 143.29 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 0.90 [ (25 𝑚𝑚)2 ] (8)(275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎) ( 640 𝑚𝑚 − )
4 2
𝑀𝑢 = 554008390.2 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
𝑀𝑢 = 554.01 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
554.01 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 > 533.52 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑑) = − (66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(0.64 𝑚) = 224.08 𝑘𝑁
2
1 1
𝑉𝑐 = √𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (430 𝑚𝑚)(640 𝑚𝑚)
6 6
𝑉𝑐 = 208579.9𝑁
𝑉𝑐 = 208.58 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑢 224.08 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 208.58𝑘𝑁 = 55.04 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
1 1
√𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝑏𝑑 = √20.68 𝑚𝑃𝑎 (430 𝑚𝑚)(640 𝑚𝑚) = 417.16 𝑁
3 3
1 𝑑
3 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐 . 85(208.58 𝑘𝑁)
= = 88.65 𝑘𝑁
2 2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
2
𝜙𝑉𝑐
𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) =
2
66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)
− (66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(𝑥) = 88.65 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑥 = 2.67 𝑚
𝑘𝑁
66.69
𝑚(8.0 𝑚)
𝑉𝑢 = 𝑅 − 𝑊𝑢 (𝑥) = − (66.69 𝑘𝑁/𝑚)(1.0 𝑚) = 200.07 𝑘𝑁
2
𝑉𝑢 200.07 𝑘𝑁
𝑉𝑠 = − 𝑉𝑐 = − 208.58𝑘𝑁 = 26.79 𝑘𝑁
𝜙 0.85
𝐴𝑣 𝑓𝑦𝑑 157 𝑚𝑚2 (275.8 𝑚𝑃𝑎)(640 𝑚𝑚)

𝑆= = = 1034.43 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑠 26.79 𝑘𝑁(1000)
𝑑 640 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 320 𝑚𝑚 ∴ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥
2 2

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BEAM NO.

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (0.1 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 2.35 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵1 = (1.2)(. 35 𝑚)(. 60 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐵1 = (9.88 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 )(1.0 𝑚) + 5.94𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 3.05 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 18.87 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(8.0 𝑚)2

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(280 𝑚𝑚)(420 𝑚𝑚) = 1634.64 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋(25 𝑚𝑚)2

Assume size of the beam; 𝑏 = 200 𝑚𝑚 ; 𝑑 = 300 𝑚𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵2 = (1.2)(. 20 𝑚)(. 30 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 1.70 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑊𝐿2 4.75 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(2.0 𝑚)2

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(70 𝑚𝑚)(110 𝑚𝑚) = 107. 03 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋(25 𝑚𝑚)2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑛𝑜. 1 = (0.2 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 4.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑊1 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑊1 = 12.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 (1.0 𝑚) = 12.71 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 = (0.1 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 )(1.0 𝑚) = 2.35 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = (1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(1.0𝑚) = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = (1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )(1.0𝑚) = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3 = (1.2)(. 35 𝑚)(. 60 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(310 𝑚𝑚)(460 𝑚𝑚) = 1982.14 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋(25 𝑚𝑚)2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑛𝑜. 3 = (0.15 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 3.53 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑊 = (1.2)(6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3 = (1.2)(. 30 𝑚)(. 50 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 4.24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

= 16.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 4.24 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(250 𝑚𝑚)(370 𝑚𝑚) = 1285.75 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋(25 𝑚𝑚)2

Stirrups (Use 10 mm ∅ steel bar)

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵5 = (1.2)(. 35 𝑚)(. 60 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(280 𝑚𝑚)(410 𝑚𝑚) = 1595.72 𝑚𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 1 = (0.2 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 4.71 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑠 = 1.1772 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑊 = (1.2)(7.39 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 )

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑛𝑜. 3 = (0.15 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 3.53 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.5 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑊 = (1.2)(6.21 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) + (1.6)(2.4 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2 ) = 11.29 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐵3 = (1.2)(. 35 𝑚)(. 60 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

= 22.24𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 19.35𝑘𝑁/𝑚 + 5.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑊𝑢 𝐿2 47.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚(7.0 𝑚)2

0.85𝑓𝑐 ′ 𝛽(600) 0.85(20.68)(0.85)(600)

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = (0.0139)(360 𝑚𝑚)(530 𝑚𝑚) = 2652.12 𝑚𝑚2

𝜋𝐷𝐵2 𝜋(25 𝑚𝑚)2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑛𝑜. 3 = (0.15 𝑚)(23.54 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 3.53 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2

𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠 = 1.0 𝑘𝑁⁄𝑚2