Assignment No.

Subject:
Introduction to Computer
Topic:
Computer and its type
Submitted to:
Miss Amna
Submitted by:
Name: Alia
Roll No.: 897
Class: BS Ⅳ Semester
Major: Applied Psych.

Date of Submission: 13 May 2019

 Table of Contents
COMPUTER ......................................................................... 2

TYPES OF COMPUTER..................................................... 2

ANALOG COMPUTER ............................................................................3

DIGITAL COMPUTER.............................................................................4
HYBRID COMPUTER ...................................................................................... 5

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALOG AND DIGITAL

COMPUTER ........................................................................ 5
REFFERENCE .................................................................... 6

1|Page
 Computer

The word computer is derived from compute that means to calculate

Computer is an electronic machine used to solve different problems according to a

set of instructions given to it. A computer can accept data, process data into useful
information and store it for later use.

A common type of computer system is as follows:

Computer system

Types of computer:
Based on uses:

 Analog computer
 Digital computer
 Hybrid computer

2|Page
Details are as follow:

1) Analog Computer:
An analog computer recognizes the data as a continuous measurement of
physical property. Voltage, pressure, speed and temperature are some physical
properties that can be measured in this way. Its output is usually displayed on a
meter or graph. It does not operate with digital signals. It has low memory and
fewer functions. It is mainly used in engineering and medicine.

The Antikythera mechanism:

The Antikythera mechanism is an ancient Greek analogue computer used to
predict astronomical positions, eclipses for calendar and astrological purposes
decades in advance. It could also be used to
track the four-year cycle of athletic games
which was similar to an Olympiad, the cycle of
the ancient Olympic Games.

Every known section of the Antikythera

mechanism is kept at the National
Archeological Museum in Athens, alongside
various masterful recreations/copies of how the
mechanism may have looked and worked.

The Antikythera mechanism

Examples of Analog computer:
a. Speedometer is used to measure the speed of a car.
b. Analog clock measures time by the distance traveled by hands of clock
around a dial
c. Thermometer is an analog device that measures the length of mercury
column.

Speedometer Analog clock Thermometer

3|Page
2) Digital Computer:
A digital computer processes data in numerical form using digital circuits. It
performs arithmetic and logic operations with discrete values. The values are 0
and 1. Everything is described in two states of ON and OFF. The digit 1
represents ON and 0 represents OFF states. The digital computers are very fast.
Digital computers are commonly used at homes and
in offices. Important digital computers are:

1. Apple Macintosh: The Macintosh branded

as Mac since 1998 is a family of personal
computers designed, manufactured, and sold
by Apple Inc. since January 1984.
First Apple Mac

2. IBM PC: The IBM Personal Computer,

commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original
version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible
hardware platform. It is IBM model number 5150,
and was introduced on August 12, 1981. It was
created by a team of engineers and designers under
the direction of Don Estridge of the IBM Entry
Systems Division in Boca Raton, Florida.
IBM PC 5150
Examples of Digital Computer:

1) Digital watch displays the time that does not vary continuously but changes
from one discrete value to the other.
2) Digital scoreboard directly counts discrete values such as the time left to
play and the score of each team.

Digital Clock Digital Scoreboard

4|Page
3) Hybrid Computer:
A hybrid computer is a combination of both analog and digital computer. A
hybrid computer combines the best characteristics of both the analog and digital
computer. It can accept data in analog and digital form.

Example of Hybrid Computer:

Hybrid computer devices may calculate patient’s heart function, temperature,
blood pressure and other signs. This measurement may then be converted into
numbers and display in digital form.

 ECG: An electrocardiogram is a simple test that can be used to check

your heart's rhythm and electrical activity.

ECG Machine

Difference between Analog and Digital Computer

Analog Computer Digital computer

1. It provides us continuous value.
2. It represents physicals quantities
in the form of waves.
3. It has no state.
4. It is difficult to use.
5. It has low memory.
6. It has slow speed.
7. It is used in engineering and
science.
1. It provides us discrete value.
2. It represents physical quantities with the
help of symbols or numbers.
3. It has two states ON (1) and OFF (0).
4. These computers are easy to use.
5. It has big memory.
6. It has fast speed.
7. It is used in all fields of life.

5|Page
6|Page