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The complete report of Analytical Chemistry I with the title “Titrimetric”

was made by:
name : Alifiah Alfaniah Alfattah Putri
ID : 1813442001
class : Chemistry Education of ICP
group : IV
it has been checked and consulted by Assistant and Assistant Coordinator, so this
report was accepted.

Makassar, October 2019

Assistant Coordinator Assistant

Nur Qamri HM. S.Pd Amelisa Awal

ID.1613440006

Known by,
Responsibility Lecturer

Siti Faika,S.si, M.Si, Ph. D,Apt

ID. 197803192005012003
A. TITLE OF EXPERIMENT
Titrimetric
B. OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT
1. To know the standardization of HCl solution
2. To know the normality of HCl standard solution
3. To know determination of Carbonate and Bicarbonate mixture
C. LITERATUR REVIEW
Analytical chemistry is often described as the area of chemistry responsible
for characterizing the composition of matter, both qualitatively (what is present)
and quantitatively (how much is present). This description is misleading. After all,
almost all chemists routinely make qualitative or quantitative measurements
(Harvey, 2000: 2).
The term 'titrimetric analysis' refers to quantitative chemical analysis
carried out by determining the volume of a solution of accurately known
concentration which is required to react quantitatively with a measured volume of a
solution of the substance to be determined. The solution of accurately known
strength is called the standard solution. The weight of the substance to
be determined is calculated from the volume of the standard solution used
and the chemical equation and relative molecular masses of the reacting
compounds (Jeffery, 1989: 257).
The technique of volumetric analysis is the simplest type of titrimetry, and
involves the addition of controlled volumes of a reagent solution, the titrant, to a
known volume of another solution, the titrand in a volumetric titration. This
procedure may be automated, and the changes detected instrumentally. In some
cases, excess of a reagent is added and the excess measured by back titration. Any
reaction used in titrimetry will cause the concentrations of the species in solution to
change. For acid-base reactions, the concentration of hydrogen ions, and hence the
pH, will alter and similar changes in the ionic concentrations occur with other
reactions (Kealey, 2002: 80-81).
The term 'volumetric analysis' was formerly used for this form of
quantitative determination but it has now been replaced by titrimetric analysis. It is
considered that the latter expresses the process of titration rather better, and the
former is likely to be confused with measurements of volumes, such as those
involving gases. In titrimetric analysis the reagent of known concentration is called
the titrant and the substance being titrated is termed the titrand. The alternative
name has not been extended to apparatus used in the various operations; so the
terms volumetric glassware and volumetric flasks are still common, but it is better
to employ the expressions graduated glassware and graduated flasks and these are
used throughout this book (Jeffery, 1989: 257).
Titrimetric methods are classified into four groups based on the type of
reaction involved. These groups are acid–base titrations, in which an acidic or basic
titrant reacts with an analyte that is a base or an acid; complexometric titrations
involving a metal–ligand complexation reaction; redox titrations, where the titrant
is an oxidizing or reducing agent; and precipitation titrations, in which the analyte
and titrant react to form a precipitate. Despite the difference in chemistry, all
titrations share several common features (Harvey, 2000: 274).
Titration is a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution by
allowing a carefully measured volume to react with a standard solution of another
substance, whose concentration is known. By finding the volume of the standard
solution that reacts with the measured volume of the first solution, the
concentration of the first solution can be calculated. (It’s necessary, though, that the
reaction go to completion and have a yield of 100%) (Fay, 2007: 95).
The most important of these are called primary standards, and should be
easy to obtain, purify and dry, should be stable and not hygroscopic, but should be
readily soluble and react rapidly and stoichiometrically. They should ideally have a
high relative molecular mass to minimize weighing errors.The above criteria mean
that reagents such as sodium hydroxide, which is hygroscopic and may react with
carbon dioxide from the air, and potassium permanganate, which slowly
decomposes in air, are unsuitable as primary standards. Solutions used for
quantitative analysis need to be checked and calibrated frequently. For example,
hydrochloric acid solutions should be checked against sodium carbonate solution
and sodium hydroxide against potassium hydrogen phthalate (Kealy,82:2002)
The equivalent weight of a base in an acid–base neutralization reaction is
defined as the formula weight divided by the number of hydrogens accepted per
formula of the base in the reaction. This definition is based on the Bronsted–Lowry
concept of a base (a compound that accepts hydrogens when reacting with an acid).
Thus all hydroxides, as well as carbonates, ammonia, etc., are Bronsted–Lowry
bases and accept hydrogens when reacting with acids. Bases may accept one or
more hydrogens (per formula) when reacting with an acid. Sodium hydroxide is
accepting one hydrogen per formula unit. Indeed, there is only one hydroxide
group in one formula of NaOH to combine with one hydrogen to form water;
therefore, sodium hydroxide can accept only one hydrogen (Kankel,69:2003)
Neutralisation reactions, or acidirnetry and alkalirnetry. These include the
titration of free bases, or those formed from salts of weak acids by hydrolysis, with
a standard acid (acidirnetry), and the titration of free acids, or those formed by the
hydrolysis of salts of weak bases, with a standard base (alkalirnetry). The reactions
involve the combination of hydrogen and hydroxide ions to form water (Jeffery,
1989: 258).
Titration is the way reaction in the neutralization of used to determine the
concentration of a solution acid or bases by adding drop by drop alkaline solutions
to acid solution. Point when the perform titration where titrations droped enough to
make the reaction the perfect called equivalen point characterized by the change of
color on indicators. The final point titration is the point at the time of indicators
discolored (Yurida, 2013).
Titrimetric methods are normally capable of high precision (1 part in 1000)
and wherever applicable possess obvious advantages over gravimetric methods.
They need simpler apparatus, and are, generally, quickly performed; tedious and
difficult separations can often be avoided. The following apparatus is required for
titrimetric analysis: (i) calibrated measuring vessels, including burettes, pipettes,
and measuring flasks (ii) substances of known purity for the preparation of
standard solutions; (iii) a visual indicator or an instrumental method for detecting
the completion of the reaction (Jeffery, 1989: 258).
A stock solution is prepared by weighing out an appropriate portion of a
pure solid or by measuring out an appropriate volume of a pure liquid and diluting
to a known volume. Exactly how this is done depends on the required
concentration units. For example, to prepare a solution with a desired molarity you
would weigh out an appropriate mass of the reagent, dissolve it in a portion of
solvent, and bring to the desired volume. To prepare a solution where the solute’s
concentration is given as a volume percent, you would measure out an appropriate
volume of solute and add sufficient solvent to obtain the desired total volume
(Harvey, 2000: 30).
Primary standard solutions is a solution measure it can be seen directly
from the weighing. Primary standard solutions serves to determine the
concentration of certain, that is a solution the command of its concentration
difficult obtained through manufacturing directly. Solution where the concentration
obtained by means standardization called standard solutions of secondary (Yurida,
2013).
In order to achieve the highest accuracy, it is necessary to use well-
established standard materials as reagents in the primary calibration or
standardization of the reacting solutions. The most important of these are called
primary standards, and should be easy to obtain, purify and dry, should be stable
and not hygroscopic, but should be readily soluble and react rapidly and
stoichiometrically. They should ideally have a high relative molecular mass to
minimize weighing errors (Kealey, 2002: 82).
The standard solution is usually added from a long graduated tube called a
burette. The process of adding the standard solution until the reaction is just
complete is termed a titration, and the substance to be determined is titrated. The
point at which this occurs is called the equivalence point or the theoretical (or
stoichiometric) end point. The completion of the titration is detected by some
physical change, produced by the standard solution itself (e.g. the faint pink colour
formed by potassium permanganate) or, more usually, by the addition of an
auxiliary reagent, known as an indicator; alternatively some other physical
measurement may be used. After the reaction between the substance and the
standard solution is practically complete, the indicator should give a clear visual
change (either a colour change or the formation of turbidity) in the liquid being
titrated. The point at which this occurs is called the end point of the
titration (Jeffery, 1989: 257).
According to Yurida (2013), the terms of standard solutions of primary is:
1. Very pure or easily purified
2. Stable in a state of ordinary, at least during weighed
3. Chaos wherever possible weighing equivalent high for reducing the errors
weighing
4. In titrations will react according to terms of reaction titration
5. Have a definite molecular formula
While, a solution can be used as standard solutions of secondary having the
following conditions:
1. Solution difficult to make quantitatively
2. Not having its purity high
3. Solution get unstable
Standardization is the process of experimentally determining the
relationship between the signal and the amount of analyte (the value of k in
equations. For a total analysis method, standardization is usually defined by the
stoichiometry of the chemical reactions responsible for the signal. For a
concentration method, however, the relationship between the signal and the
analyte’s concentration is a theoretical function that cannot be calculated without
experimental measurements (Harvey, 2000: 47).
The addition of titrant from the buret must be stopped at precisely the
correct moment—the moment at which the last trace of substance titrated is
consumed by a fraction of a drop of titrant added, so that the correct volume can be
read on the buret. That exact moment is called the equivalence point of the
titration. In order to detect the equivalence point, an indicator is often used. An
indicator is a substance added to the reaction flask ahead of time in order to cause a
color change at or near the equivalence point, i.e., to provide a visual indication of
the equivalence point. For example, the use of a chemical named phenolphthalein
as an indicator for a titration in which a strong base is used as the titrant and an
acid as the substance titrated would give a color change of colorless to pink in the
reaction flask near the equivalence point. The color change occurring near, not
exactly at, the quivalence point is usually not a concern. The reason will become
clear in a later discussion. The point of a titration at which an indicator changes
color, the visual indication of the equivalence point, is called the end point of the
titration ( Kankel,67:2003).
There are two ways to make a solution of known molarity. The first way is
to make the solution carefully, using an accurately weighed amount of solute
dissolved in solvent to an accurately calibrated volume. Often though, it’s more
convenient to make up a solution quickly, using an estimated amount of solute and
an estimated amount of solvent, and then determine the solution’s exact molarity
by titration (Fay, 2007: 95).
Preparing a solution of known concentration is perhaps the most common
activity in any analytical lab. The method for measuring out the solute and solvent
depend on the desired concentration units, and how exact the solution’s
concentration needs to be known. Pipets and volumetric flasks are used when a
solution’s concentration must be exact; graduated cylinders, beakers, and reagent
bottles suffice when concentrations need only be approximate. Two methods for
preparing solutions are described in this section (Harvey, 2000: 30).
The titrimetric analysis for determining absorption rate for the exit liquid
was made with standard method for neutralization of not reacted sodium hydroxide
followed by the stochometric analysis, carbonate and bicarbonate. With this
method it is assumed that there is no free CO2 in the liquid and the absorption rate
is determined after the concentration of NaOH and NaCO3 are calculated. The
amount of CO2 absorbed across the column as measured from samples taken
simultaneously from the sump tank feeding the column top and at the bottom outlet
(Gebreeyessus, 2014).
Standardize a solution means to determine its concentration to three or
more, For example, if a solution of NaOH is made up to be approximately 0.1 M, a
standardization experiment may be performed and the concentration determined to
be 0.1012 M. We will discuss the details of such an experiment Another piece of
glassware often used in titrimetric analysis (for both standardization experiments
and sample analyses) is the buret. A traditional glass buret is a long and narrow
graduated cylinder with a dispensing valve at the bottom. The dispensing valve is
called a stopcock. The solution in the buret is dispensed by turning the stopcock to
the open position. The experiment used for titrimetric analysis and solution
standardization is called a titration. A titration is an experiment in which a solution
of a reactant is added to a reaction flask with the use of a buret. The solution being
dispensed via the buret (or the substance dissolved in the solution dispensed via the
buret) is called the titrant (Kankel,66 :2003)
 Normality is an older unit of concentration that, although once commonly
used, is frequently ignored in today’s laboratories. Normality is still used in some
handbooks of analytical methods, and, for this reason, it is helpful to understand its
meaning. For example, normality is the concentration unit used in Standard
Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,1 a commonly used source
of analytical methods for environmental laboratories (Harvey, 2000: 16).
Indicators methyl orange have range ph 3.1- 4.4 is an indicator titration
bases weak-acid strong, so that the indicators worn by contrast. Methyl orange
indicators much used in titrations kuat-basa weak acid is a colored yellow bases,
with the addition of hydrogen ions produce cation pink (Nuryanti, 2010).
Every reagent had undergone common chemical analysis to analyze the
basic substance, water content, and carbonate content. No analytically detectable
carbonate impurity in the solid reagents was found. The exact composition of the
solid-state reagents was taken into consideration at preparing reference solutions.
The error of each controlled concentration of the reference solutions can be
estimated less than 1.5%. The contents of hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, and total
borate and borohydride ions were determined by the acidbase titration method with
solution as the titrant. A fuel sample taken from FC for analysis is a highly alkaline
medium. For acid-base titration, it was repeatedly diluted (Churikov, 2014).
In some cases, the end point detected does not correspond exactly with the
equivalence point. This may be due to problems with the reaction, or to the small
amount of reagent needed to react with additional materials (for example, the added
indicator) present in the titrand. In these cases, a blank titration must be performed,
or allowance made for the titration error (Kealy,82:2002)
D. APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS
1. Apparatus
a. Erlenmeyer flask 250 mL 9 pieces
b. Beaker glass 50 mL 1 piece
c. Volumetric pipette 25 ml 2 pieces
d. Volumetric pipette 10 ml 1 piece
e. Ball pipette 1 piece
f. Burette 100 mL 2 pieces
g. Stative and clamp 2 units
 h. Spray bottle 1 pieces
i. Drop pipette 3 pieces
j. Funnel 3 pieces
k. Analytical balance 1 piece
l. Spatula 1 piece
m. Smooth rag 1 piece
n. Rough rag 1 piece
2. Chemicals
a. Borax solution (Na2B4O7. 10H2O)
b. Methyl orange indicator (MO)
c. Aquadest (H2O)
d. Carbonate mixture sample solution (Co) (CO32- + HCO3-)
e. Barium (II) chloride 10% (BaCl2)
f. Hydrochloric acid 0,1 N (HCl)
g. Filter paper
h. Tissue
i. Label
E. WORK PROCEDURE
1. Standarize of HCl solution
a. 0.4 grams of borax crystal are weighed
b. Borax crystals are put into a measuring flask and dissolved with a little distilled
water and shaken
c. The solution is diluted to a volume of 100 mL
d. About 10 mL of borax solution is taken using a 25 mL volumentric pipette and
put into a 250 mL erlenmeyer
e. About 3 drops of methyl orange indicator are added to the solution
f. The solution is titrated with 0.1 N HCl standard solution until the color changes
and the volume of the titrant used is recorded
g. Titration is done 3 times with 3 samples and calculated on average from the
volume of titrant used
h. The normality of a standard HCl solution is calculated by the formula:
V1 W (mg)
×2×
100 BM
N HCl = V2
2. Making a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate mixture
a) Titration with HCl solution on the direct MO indicator
1) 10 mL of the mixed sample solution is taken and put into a 250 mL erlenmeyer.
2) 3 drops of the methyl orange indicator are added to the solution.
3) The solution is titrated with 0.1 N HCl standard solution until the color changes
and the volume of the titrant used is recorded.
4) Titration is carried out 3 times with 3 samples and recorded the average volume
of the titrant used as V1
b) The reaction added to BaCl2
1) About 10 mL of the mixed sample solution is taken and put into a 250 mL
erlenmeyer.
2) About 5 drops of 10% BaCl2 solution is added until not sediment formed again.
3) The solution is allowed to stand until the sediment drops.
4) The solution is filtered into a 250 mL erlenmeyer.
5) Filtrate is added with 3 drops of methyl orange indicator and titrated with 0.1 N
HCl standard solution until color changes.
6) The volume of the titrant used is recorded.
7) Titration is done 3 times with 3 samples and the average titrant volume is used
as V2.
8) The levels of carbonate and bicarbonate present in the mixed sample are
calculated, according to the formula:
V2 (mL)× N HCl
Kadar HCO3- = mmol /mL (M)
25 mL
(v1 − v2 )× N HCl
Kadar CO3- = mmol /mL (M)
2 × 25 mL
F. OBSERVATION RESULT
1. Standardization of Hydrochloric acid solution 0.1 N
NO. Activities Result

1. 0.403 grams of borax The weight of borax 0.403 g

solution is colorless

2. dilute with H2O until 100 mL The color of solution is

3. 25 mL of borax solution (colorless) + 3 drops of brick red and volume of

Titrat 1 = 6.12 mL
methyl orange (orange)→ titration
Titrat 2 = 6.00 mL

titrat 3 = 6.10 mL

2. Determination of carbonate and bicarbonat

NO. Activities Result
1. 10 mL of sample carbonate and bicarbonate The color of solution is
colorless
2. 3 drops of methyl orange red.
3. Titration Titration 1 : 10.5 mL
Titration 2 : 10.5 mL
Titration 3 : 10.5 mL
Average : 10.5 mL
1. 10 mL of sample carbonate and bicarbonate The solution colorless
2. 5 drops of barium chloride (BaCl2) 10 % The color of solution is
colorless and there are
precipite
3. filtrate the solution The color of solution is
colorless
4. 3 drops of methyl orange (orange) The color of solution is red
Titration 1 : 9.0 mL
5. Titration Titration 2 : 8.3 mL
Titration 3 : 8.4 mL
Average : 8.56 mL
G. DATA ANALYSIS
1. Standardization of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) 0.1 N
Known: V1 = 25 mL
W = 0.403 g = 403 mg
Fw Borax = 381 mg/mmol
(6.12 +6.00 +6.10)mL
V2 = = 6.00 mL
3

Asked: N HCl = …?

Solution:
V1 (mL) W (mg)
×2×
100 Fw
N HCl = V2
25 mL 403 mg
×2 meq/mmol ×
100 mL 381 mg/mmol
= 6.00 mL
0.25 × 2 meq ×1.06
= 6.53 mL

= 0.0881 meq/ml ~ 0.0881 N

Determination of carbonate and bicarbonate mixture
Known :
N HCl = 0,10 N
(V1) titration 1 = 10,5 mL
(V1)titration 2 = 10,5 mL
(V1)titration 3 = 10,5 mL
(V2)titration 1 = 9 mL
(V2)titration 2 = 8,3 mL
(V2)titration 3 = 8,4 mL
Asked : a. Level of bicarbonate (HCO3-) = ......?
b. Level of carbonate (CO32-) = ......?
Answer:
V₁+V₂+V₃
V1 rata-rata = 3
(10,5+10,5+10,5) mL
= = 10,5 mL
3
V₁+V₂+V₃
V2 rata-rata = 3
(9,0+8,3+8,4) mL
= = 8,56 mL
3
 V2 (mL)×N HCl
a. Level HCO3-= 10 mL
8,56 mL × 0,0881 N
= 10 mL

= 0,07541 M.

= 0,07541 mmol/mL

(V1 – V2) ×N HCl

b. Level CO32- =
2 ×10 mL
(10,5 –8,56 )mL × 0,0881 N
= 20 mL

1,94 mL × 0,0881 N
= 20 mL

= 0,0085 M

= 0,0085 mmol/mL

H. DISCUSSION
Metode titrimetri dikenal sebagai metode volumetri yang merupakan cara
analisis kuantitatif yang didasarkan pada prinsip stoikiometri reaksi kimia antara
komponen analit dan titran. Titran ditambahkan ke dalam larutan analit hingga
mencapai jumlah tertentu pada saat titik ekivalent tercapai. Dalam percobaan ini
dilakukan 2 kegiatan yaitu:
1. Standarisasi Larutan HCl 0.1 N
Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk memperoleh normalitas larutan HCl
secara pasti menggunakan natrium tetra boraks (Na2B4O7). Karena larutan standar
HCl bukan merupakan larutan standar primer, maka perlu distandarisasi. Larutan
HCl dikatakan larutan standar sekunder sebab konsentrasinya mudah
berubah/penyimpanannya tidak stabil. Larutan natrium tetra boraks digunakan
sebab memiliki konsentrasi yang tetap dan stabil dalam penyimpanan serta bereaksi
cepat denagn larutan HCl. Adapun dasar prinsip dari percobaan ini ialah Boraks
adalah garam yang bersifat basa lemah sehingga dapat bereaksi dengan HCl. Karna
dalam reaksi ini terbentuk asam borat, maka dipilih suatu indicator yang tidak
dipengaruhinya yaitu Metil Orange dengan tititk ekivalen pada pH ± 4.1 dengan
warna titik akhir sindur. Adapun reaksinya:
Na2B4O7.10H2O(s) + 2HCl(l) → 2NaCl(l) + 4H3BO3(l) + 5H2O(aq)
 Pada percobaan ini, boraks (Na2B4O7) diencerkan dengan menggunakan air
untuk mendapatkan larutan boraks. Larutan boraks yang telah dibuat direaksikan
dengan indikator metil orange yang berfungsi untuk memberikan tanda perubahan
saat titrasi berakhir yang ditandai dengan terjadinya perubahan warna pada larutan
yang dititrasi yaitu dari kuning menjadi merah. Indikator metil orange digunakan
karena trayek pH indikator metil orange adalah (3,1 - 4,4) yang bersifat asam
(Chang, 2010: 733) sesuai dengan larutan HCl yang akan distandarisasi yang
bersifat asam pula. Larutan boraks dititrasi dengan larutan standar HCl dan
dihasilkan larutan berwarna merah. Titrasi ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali agar
diperoleh volume yang konstan. Volume rata-rata titran yang diperoleh adalah 6,00
mL sedangkan normalitas HCl sebesar 0.0881 N. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan teori,
dimana normalitas HCl yang digunakan yaitu 0.1 N yang menandakan bahwa HCl
tidak stabil dalam penyimpanan sehingga konsentrasinya berubah-ubah. Hal ini
sesuai dengan teori dimana Larutan baku sekunder adalah larutan baku yang zat
terlarutnya tidak harus zat yang tingkat kemurniannya tinggi. Larutan baku
sekunder ini konsentrasinya ditentukan berdasarkan standarisasi dengan cara titrasi
terhadap larutan baku primer. Sebagai larutan baku sekunder dapat digunakan
larutan basa atau asam dari senyawa anorganik misalnya NaOH, HCl. Larutan baku
sekunder ini umumnya tidak stabil sehingga perlu distandarisasi ulang setiap
minggu (Lutfi, 2008).
2. Penentuan Campuran Karbonat dan Bikarbonat
Asidimetri adalah analisa titrimetri yang menggunakan asam kuat sebagai
titrannya dan sebagai analitnya adalah basa atau senyawa yang bersifat basa. Pada
prinsipnya asidimetri adalah analisa titrimetri yang menggunakan asam kuat
sebagai titrannya dan sebagai analitnya adalah basa atau senyawa yang bersifat
basa, ataupun pengukuran dengan asam (yang diukur jumlah basa atau garamnya).
Sedangkan alkalimetri pada prinsipnya adalah analisa titrimetri yang menggunakan
basa kuat sebagai titrannya dan analitnya adalah asam atau senyawa yang bersifat
asam (Sakura, 2012). Tujuan dari percobaan ini untuk menentukan campuran
karbonat dan bikarbonat, hal ini dikarenakan ion karbonat dan bikarbonat
merupakan salah satu bagian dari golongan basa. Umumnya ion-ion ini banyak
ditemukan pada batu kapur atau batu tulis yang digunakan sebagai campuran
bahan-bahan bangunan. Dalam penentuan kadar ion karbonat dan ion bikarbonat
dalam suatu cuplikan digunakan metode asidimetri. Titrasi asidimetri merupakan
salah satu bagian analisis volumetri kuantitatif yang berdasarkan reaksi netralisasi.
Penentuan campuran ini dilakukan dengan cara mengambil dua bagian sampel
dengan cara menitrasinya dengan bantuan indikator MO yang berfungsi untuk
memberikan tanda perubahan saat titrasi berakhir yang ditandai dengan terjadinya
perubahan warna pada larutan yang dititrasi yaitu dari kuning karena ditetesi metil
orange menjadi merah setelah titrasi.
Bagian pertama, larutan sampel campuran karbonat dan bikarbonat
direaksikan dengan indikator metil orange menghasilkan larutan berwarna kuning
kemudian dititrasi dengan larutan standar HCl sehingga menghasilkan larutan yang
berwarna merah. Titrasi ini dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali agar diperoleh volume yang
konstan. Volume rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 10.5 mL dengan kadar karbonat
sebesar 0,07541 mmol/mL
Bagian kedua, penentuan kadar bikarbonat dilakukan dengan mereaksikan
larutan sampel campuran dengan larutan BaCl2 10% sampai terbentuk endapan
lagi hal ini dilakukan agar ion CO32- mengendap seluruhnya dan yang tersisa hanya
bikarbonatnya. Terbentuk endapan dikarenakan ion bikarbonat CO32- bereaksi
dengan BaCl2 membentuk endapan putih yaitu BaCO3 dimana penambahan BaCl2
10% berfungsi untuk mengendapkan ion sampai membentuk BaCO3 sehingga yang
tersisa hanya bikarbonatnya untuk dihitung kadarnya. Larutan dengan endapan
putih yang dihasilkan disaring kemudian filtrat yang diperoleh yaitu H2CO3
ditambahkan indikator metil orange yang berfungsi untuk memberikan tanda
perubahan saat titrasi berakhir yang ditandai dengan berubahnya larutan kuning
menjadi larutan merah. Titrasi dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali agar diperoleh volume
yang konstan. Volume rata-rata yang diperoleh sebesar 1.94mL. Kadar bikarbonat
yang diperoleh adalah 0,0085 mmol/mL. Adapun reaksi yang terjadi yaitu:
HCO32- + HCl → H2CO3 + Cl- (karbonat)
CO32- + BaCl2 → BaCO3 ↓ (putih) + 2Cl-
HCO32- + HCl → H2CO3 + Cl- (bikarbonat)
I. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
1. Conclusion
a. Standardization of Hydrochloric Acid 0.1 N used titrimetry method and Borax
Na2B407 as secondary standard solution.
b. Normality of HCl solution obtained from the standardization HCl 0.1 N is
0.0881 N.
c. Carbonate amount in the sample solution the mixture used is 0,07541 mmol/mL
while the bicarbonate amount is 0,0085 mmol/mL
2. Suggestion
a. Titration should be doing carefully, especially in addition of standard solution
to get accurate result.
b. Next apprentice should pay attention with significant number of each apparatus
used to get accurate valve.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Churikov, A. V., et al. 2014. Separate Determination of Borohydride, Borate,
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