Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

R. K. MALIK’S JEE (MAIN & ADV.
), MEDICAL
NEWTON CLASSES + BOARD, NDA, FOUNDATION
Chapter 10
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
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Solutions
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Objective Type Questions
1. Choose incorrect w.r.t. photosynthesis

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(1) It is a physico-chemical process
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(2) Oxygen is evolved as a by-product in all photosyntheic organisms
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(3) Occurs in unicellular and multicellular photoautotrophs
(4) Anabolic and reductive process
Sol. Answer (2)
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In some bacteria, H2S is used instead of H2O. So O2 is not released.

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2. A milestone contribution to the understanding of photosynthesis was made by Cornelius van Niel, which was
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based on the studies of

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(1) Bacteria (2) Alga (3) Angiospermic plant (4) Lower plant
Sol. Answer (1)
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Van Niel studied purple and green sulphur bacteria and showed, O2 evolved from H2O and not from CO2.
12H2O  6CO2  C6H12O6  6H2O  6O2
3. The essential role of air in the growth of green plants was revealed by
(1) Priestley (2) Van Niel (3) Blackmann (4) Emerson
Sol. Answer (1)
Role of air in the growth of green plants is experimently proved by Priestley.
4. Which equation represents the process of photosynthesis most adequately?

Sunlight Sunlight
(1) C6H12O6  6O2 
Chlorophyll
 6CO2  6H2O (2) 6CO2  6H2 O 
Chlorophyll
 C6H12 O6  6O2
Sunlight Sunlight
(3) CO2  H2O 
Chlorophyll
 CH2O  O2 (4) 6CO 2  12H2O   C 6H12O 6  6O 2  6H2O
Chlorophyll
Sol. Answer (4)

During photosynthesis, green plants synthesized glucose from CO2 and H2O, in this process oxygen evolved
as by-product.
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R. K. MALIK’S JEE (MAIN & ADV.), MEDICAL
24 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Solution of Assignment
5. Moll’s half leaf experiment was done to show _____ was required for photosynthesis.
(1) H2O (2) Chlorophyll (3) Light (4) CO2
Sol. Answer (4)
In this experiment, half leaf was enclosed in a test tube containing KOH (which absorbs CO2), half leaf was
in air. When two halves were tested for starch, leaf in air showed the +ve test not other part, which shows
CO2 is required for photosynthesis.
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6. Curve showing the effectiveness of different wavelength of light in photosynthesis was first given by Engelmann
using all, except
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(1) Filamentous green alga Cladophora (2) Unicellular green alga Chlorella
(3) Suspension of aerobic bacteria (4) Prism to split the light in its components
Sol. Answer (2)
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Hill used chlorella for proving that photosynthesis completed in two phase i.e., light and dark phase.
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7. Grana present in chloroplast refers to
(1) Stroma lamellae (2) Stacks of quantasomes
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(3) Stacks of thylakoids (4) Double membranous envelope
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Sol. Answer (3)
GRANA  Stacks of thylakoids

.
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8. Photosystem is composed of
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(1) Light harvesting complex (2) Reaction centre

(3) Accessory pigments (4) More than one is correct
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Sol. Answer (4)

PS has LHC I or II, Reaction Centre, Accessory pigments.
9. In the chloroplast, the stroma lamellae lack the

(1) PS I, NADP reductase (2) PS II, PS I
(3) NADP reductase enzyme, P700 (4) NADP reductase, PS II
Sol. Answer (4)
PS II and NADP reductase absent in the stromo lamellae of the chloroplast.
10. The movement of electrons as per Z-scheme in light reaction is

(1) From low to high energy level (2) Uphill in redox potential scale
(3) Downhill in redox potential scale (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
It can occur uphill / downhill in redox potential scale.

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Solution of Assignment Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 25
11. The assimilatory power produced during light reaction in green algae is
(1) ATP, NADPH + H+ (2) NAD+
(3) NADP (4) ATP & NADH
Sol. Answer (1)
Light reaction gives two assimilatory product.
(i) ATP (ii) NADPH + H+
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12. The protons formed by splitting of water are released in the
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(1) Lumen of the thylakoids (2) Outer side of the membrane
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(3) Both (1) & (2) (4) Stroma of chloroplast
Sol. Answer (1)
When a photon of light strikes the reaction centre of PS II, it emites an electron. Two H2O molecules bind
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to an enzyme at reaction centre and enzyme splits the water and H+ are released in the lumen and also O2
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is produced.
13. The oxygen liberated during the photosynthesis comes from

ON A
(1) CO2 (2) Water
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(3) Photosynthetic enzymes (4) Carbohydrates
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Sol. Answer (2)
H2O  H  O2
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When a photon of light strikes the reaction centre of PS II, it emites an electron. Two H2O molecules bind
to an enzyme at reaction centre and enzyme splits the water and H+ are released in the lumen and also O2
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is produced.
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14. Chemiosmotic hypothesis for generation of ATP during light reaction was first explained by
(1) Hill (2) Arnold
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(3) P. Mitchell (4) Van Niel

Sol. Answer (3)
Chemiosmotic theory for ATP synthesis was proposed by P.Mitchell.
15. The photosystem connected with splitting of water is

(1) PS II (2) PS I (3) Carotenoid (4) P700
Sol. Answer (1)
Photolysis of H2O occurs at PS II.
16. NADPH is generated through

(1) Anaerobic respiration (2) Cyclic photophosphorylation
(3) Non-cyclic photophosphorylation (4) Glycolysis
Sol. Answer (3)
PS I reduces NADP+ to NADPH in the stroma by action NADP reductase enzyme.

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17. Read the following statements:

(a) F0 part of ATPase is associated with breakdown of proton gradient.
(b) A H-carrier contributes in creation of proton gradient.
(c) Movement of electrons in ETS is coupled to pumping of protons into the lumen.
(d) Formation of NADPH + H+ is related with the creation of proton gradient.
How many of the above statements are correct?
(1) Two (2) One (3) Four (4) Three
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Sol. Answer (3)
+
H
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+
NADP
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Cyt
PS b&f PS NADPH
II I
Lumen
+ +
Thylakoid H H
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membrane F0
A
ATP synthesis Storma
F1
ADP ATP
ON A
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18. How many components listed below are part of cyclic ETS?
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P700 , P680 , NADP reductase, Hydrogen carrier,
PS I, Water Splitting Complex, PS II
(1) Two (2) Three (3) Five (4) Four
.
Sol. Answer (2)

P700, PSI, Hydrogen carrier.
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19. The primary CO2 acceptor in C3 plants is

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(1) RuBP (2) PGA (3) PEP (4) OAA

Sol. Answer (1)
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In C3 plants, CO2 acceptor is Ribulose 1-5, bi-phosphate.
20. In C3 plants, first stable product of CO2 fixation is

(1) 3-PGA (2) Starch (3) OAA (4) Pyruvate
Sol. Answer (1)
Primary acceptor
Carboxylation
1 2
CO2 + H2O
RUBP RuBisCo
6C
Dismutase R
E
C3 Cycle (Ist2stable
× 3 PGA 3
product)
D
2ATP U
C
2NADPH
ADP T
2 × 3 PGAL 4
I
ATP DHAP 5 O
N
Glucose

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21. Which among the following is not a step in Calvin cycle?
(1) Carboxylation (2) Reduction
(3) Photophosphorylation (4) Regeneration
Sol. Answer (3)
Photophosphorylation is the step of light reaction.
22. The enzyme responsible for carboxylation reaction (CO2 fixation) in C3 plants is
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(1) RuBP oxygenase (2) Pyruvate decarboxylase
(3) RuBP carboxylase (4) PEP carboxylase
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Sol. Answer (3)
In C3 plant carboxylation reaction is catalysed by enzyme RuBP carboxylase.
23. Regeneration of four molecules of RuBP in C3 cycle requires the expenditure of _____ ATP.
(1) 1
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Sol. Answer (2)
For 1 molecule of RUBP  1ATP
ON A
For 4 molecule of RUBP  4ATP
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24. The enzyme RuBP carboxylase
(1) Activity occurs in C3 and C4 plants (2) It present in inner thylakoid membrane
(3) Is low temperature sensitive enzyme (4) Shows greater affinity for O2 than for CO2
Sol. Answer (1)
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RUBP carboxylase is used in both plants.

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25. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the C4 plants?
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(1) They show kranz anatomy

(2) Decarboxylation process occurs in bundle sheath cells
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(3) Granal chloroplast is present in bundle sheath cells.

(4) PEPcase enzyme activity occurs in mesophyll cells
Sol. Answer (3)
In Bundle sheath cells agranal chloroplast present.
26. In C4 plants, first stable product of CO2 fixation is

(1) OAA (2) RuBP (3) 3-PGA (4) Malic Acid
Sol. Answer (1)
Oxalo acetic acid is first stable product in C4 plants.
27. In C4 plants, sugar is produced in

(1) Bundle sheath cells (2) Mesophyll cells
(3) Palisade leaf cells (4) Spongy mesophyll
Sol. Answer (1)
In C4 plants sugar synthesized in bundle sheath cell.

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28. The C4 and C3 plants differ from each other in

(1) Type of pigments involved in photosynthesis
(2) The primary acceptor of CO2 during carbon fixation
(3) Type of end products of photosynthesis
(4) Number of NADPH that are consumed during the starch synthesis process
Sol. Answer (2)
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In C3 plant primary CO2 accepter is RUBP white in C4 plant it is PEP.
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29. Which one of the following is a C4 plant?
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(1) Papaya (2) Potato (3) Maize (4) Pea
Sol. Answer (3)
Maize is a C4 plant.
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30. The CO2 fixation during the Hatch and Slack pathway occurs in
A
(1) Large thick walled cells (2) Mesophyll cells
(3) Vascular bundles (4) Bundle sheath cell cytoplasm
ON A
Sol. Answer (2)
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C4 pathway occurs in mesophyll cells.
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31. ‘Kranz’ anatomy of leaves is found in

(1) C4 plants (2) C3 plants (3) CAM plants (4) All plants
.
Sol. Answer (1)

Kranz anatomy is shown by C4 plants.
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32. The enzyme required for the CO2 fixation in the C4 cycle is
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(1) PEP carboxylase (2) RuBP oxygenase (3) RuBP carboxylase (4) PGA dehydrogenase
Sol. Answer (1)
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In mesophyll cell, PEP carboxylase required for CO2 fixation.
33. Which of the following statement is correct regarding the C4 plants?

(1) The carbon fixation is catalysed by PEP carboxylase
(2) Mesophyll cells lack the RuBisCO enzyme
(3) Photorespiration is absent
(4) More than one option is correct
Sol. Answer (4)
In C4 plants, RuBisCO enzyme absent in mesophyll cell, PEP carboxylase present in mesophyll cell.
34. RuBisCO in C4 plants shows minimum oxygenase activity due to

(1) Abundance of RuBisCO (2) Formation of C4 acid
(3) Decarboxylation of C4 acid (4) Cyclic photophosphorylation
Sol. Answer (3)
Due to decarboxylation of C4 acid, CO2 evolved in Bundle sheath cell.

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35. The primary acceptor of CO2 in C4 plants is
(1) RuBP (2) Phosphoenol pyruvic acid
(3) OAA (4) Malic acid
Sol. Answer (2)
In mesophyll cell of C4 plant primary acceptor of CO2 is PEP.
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36. A wasteful process which involves oxidation of organic compounds in plants in presence of light is called
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(1) Photorespiration (2) PCR Cycle (3) Hill’s reaction (4) Bioluminiscence
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Sol. Answer (1)
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Photorespiration reduces the rate of photosynthesis.
37. PEPcase and RuBisCO in C4 plants are present respectively in
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(1) Cytoplasm and thylakoids (2) Stroma and cytoplasm
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(3) Stroma and thylakoids (4) Cytoplasm and stroma
Sol. Answer (4)
ON A
PEPcase in cytoplasm and RuBisCO in the stroma.
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38. Identify the incorrect match.
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(1) Regeneration of PEP – Mesophyll cells
(2) RuBP oxygenase activity – Chloroplast
(3) Photorespiratory loss of CO2 – Cytoplasm
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(4) Decarboxylation in C4 pathway – Bundle sheath cell

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Sol. Answer (3)

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It is initiated in chloroplast  Peroxisome - Mitochondria.

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39. Law of limiting factor was given in

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(1) 1950 (2) 1905 (3) 1920 (4) 1915

Sol. Answer (2)
Given by Blackman’s
40. Which of the following would rarely be a limiting factor for photosynthesis?
(1) Chlorophyll (2) Light (3) Carbon dioxide (4) Temperature
Sol. Answer (2)
Available from sunlight, required in least amount.
41. Plants like sugarcane show high productivity and high efficiency of CO2 fixation, because of
(1) Absence of photorespiration (2) EMP pathway
(3) Calvin cycle (4) TCA cycle
Sol. Answer (1)
Photorespiration is a wasteful process decrease efficiency of C3 plants but absent in C4 plants.

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42. The CO2 concentration at which C4 plants show saturation is about

(1) 360 ppm (2) 380 ppm (3) 450 ppm (4) 500 ppm
Sol. Answer (1)
In C4 plants CO2 compensation point is 360 ppm.
43. Linear relationship exists between incident light and rate of CO2 fixation at/in
(1) High light intensity (2) Low light intensity
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(3) Dense forests (4) More than one option is correct
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Sol. Answer (4)
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Rate of photosynthesis increases at high CO2 concentration and high light intensities.
44. Choose the correct sequence of steps involved in C4 cycle.

(1) CO2 fixation  Regeneration  Transport
(2)
LI CO2 fixation  Decarboxylation  Regeneration
A
(3) Transport  Regeneration  CO2 fixation
(4) CO2 fixation  Transport  Decarboxylation
ON A
Sol. Answer (4)
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CO2 fixation occurs first of all in mesophyll cell then transport into bundle sheath cell, where decarboxylation
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takes place.
45. Choose the correct labelling for given figure

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Rate of photosynthesis
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Light Intensity
(1) D-Saturation point, E-Maximum photosynthesis (2) A-Achieved at high light intensity
(3) D-10% of total sunlight, E-Compensation point (4) A-Light saturation at 10% of total sunlight
Sol. Answer (1)

D-Saturation point  Because after this point there is no increase.
E-Maximum photosynthesis  Max. value.

Rate of photosynthesis
h

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SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions
1. The bulk fixation of carbon through photosynthesis, takes place in

(1) Crop plants (2) Tropical rain forests (3) Ocean (4) Both (1) & (2)
Sol. Answer (3)
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Large number of phytoplankton present and occupied large area.
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2. Essentiality of CO2 in photosynthesis can be demonstrated using
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(1) Moll’s half leaf experiment (2) Ganong screen
(3) Inverted funnel experiment (4) KOH solution
Sol. Answer (1)
In this experiment, half leaf was enclosed in a test tube containing KOH (which absorbs CO2), half leaf was
LI
in air. When two halves were tested for starch, leaf in air showed the test positive not other part, which shows
A
CO2 is required for photosynthesis.
3. Choose the correct statement

ON A
(1) Chlorophyll-a is soluble in petroleum ether and shows maximum absorption peak at 453 nm and 642 nm
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(2) In chlorophyll-b, –CH3 replaces –CHO at 3–C of chlorophyll-a
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(3) Chlorophyll-b is soluble in methyl alcohol and shows maximum absorption peak in 429 nm and 660 nm
(4) For biosynthesis of chlorophyll, raw materials required are succinyl Co-A and glycine
Sol. Answer (4)
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Chlorophyll-a is soluble in petroleum ether and shows maximum absorption peak at 465 nm and 665 nm while
chlorophyll-b is soluble in methyl alcohol and shows maximum absorption peak at 450 and 640 nm. In
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chlorophyll-b, CHO replaces CH3 at 3 C-Chl-a.

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4. If a photosynthesising plant releases oxygen, containing more than normal amount of 18O, it is concluded that
the plant has been supplied with
(1) C6H12O6 containing 18O (2) H2O containing 18O
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(3) CO2 containing 18O (4) Oxygen in the form of ozone

Sol. Answer (2)
O2 released is from H2O not from CO2.
5. The first step in photosynthesis is

(1) Excitation of chlorophyll by light (2) Ionisation of water
(3) ATP synthesis (4) Production of assimilatory power
Sol. Answer (1)
During light reaction the first step is excitation of chlorophyll molecules.
6. Electric charge separation or quantum conversion occurs at

(1) Antenna molecules (2) Thylakoid membrane (3) Reaction centre (4) Stroma
Sol. Answer (3)
It is involved in "Quantum conversion" where energy of light is converted to chemical energy possessed by
emited electron.

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7. Minerals involved in photooxidation of water are

(1) Mn, Cl, Ca (2) Mg, Fe, Mn (3) Mn, Fe, Ca (4) N, P, K
Sol. Answer (1)
Oxygen evolving complex i.e., OEC.
8. Z-scheme in thylakoid membrane of plants is concerned with
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(1) Reduction of NAD+ (2) Reduction of CO2 (3) Electron transfer (4) All of these
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Sol. Answer (3)
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Z-scheme is related with pathway of electron during non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
9. Absorption of radiant energy causes

(1) Reduction of chlorophyll (2) Oxidation of chlorophyll
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(3) Absorption of CO2 (4) Oxidation of CO2
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Sol. Answer (2)
Chlorophyll a which is present in LHC get oxidised.
ON A
10. Cyclic photophosphorylation releases
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(1) ATP and NADPH2 (2) ATP, NADPH2 and oxygen
(3) ATP only (4) NADPH2 only
Sol. Answer (3)
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Cyclic phosphorylation, cycled e– many times, and through ETS converts ADP to ATP.
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11. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation

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(1) ATP is synthesised only (2) Last electron donor is ferredoxin

(3) NADP reductase activity requires H+ from stroma (4) There is involvement of PS-I only
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Sol. Answer (3)
NADP  H 
 NADPH
12. Select the correct match

Column-I Column-II
a. OEC (i) Primary e– acceptor
b. NADP reductase (ii) Photolysis of H2O
c. Succinyl CoA (iii) Outer surface of thylakoid membrane
d. Phaeophytin (iv) Chlorophyll synthesis
(1) a(ii), b(iii), c(iv), d(i) (2) a(ii), b(iii), c(i), d(iv) (3) a(iii), b(i), c(ii), d(iv) (4) a(i), b(ii), c(iii), d(iv)
Sol. Answer (1)
Photolysis of water occurs by OEC, NADP reductase present on the outer surface of thylakoid chlorophyll
synthesized by succinyl CoA.

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13. Examine the figure given below and select the right option giving all the four parts (a, b, c, d) correctly identified.
+
H +
(c) NADP
NADPH
(a)
+ +
H H +
H
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+
H
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(b)
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(d)
Options (a) (b) (c) (d)
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(1)
(2)
Photosystem-II
Photosystem-I
Thylakoid membrane
Thylakoid membrane
Photosystem-I
Photosystem-II
ATP synthetase
F1
A
(3) Photosystem-I Inner chloroplast membrane Photosystem-II F0
(4) Photosystem-II Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome b & f F1
ON A
C
Sol. Answer (2)
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+
NADP
Cyt
PS b&f PS NADPH
II I
Lumen
.
+ +
Thylakoid H H
membrane F0
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ATP synthesis Storma

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F1
ADP ATP
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14. Which is not true regarding cyclic electron transfer system (ETS) in thylakoid membrane of higher plants?
(1) Operates at low light intensity (2) Only PS I is involved
(3) Act as a back up for ATP synthesis (4) External electron donor is required
Sol. Answer (4)
No, PS II donates electron.
15. ATP synthesis in chloroplast and mitochondria is due to proton gradient across the membrane. Select correct
statement w.r.t. ATP formation in chloroplast
(a) Proton accumulates in lumen of thylakoid
(b) Splitting of water occurs on inner side of membrane
(c) Proton accumulates in stroma side of chloroplast
(d) NADP reductase is located on stroma side of membrane
(1) Only (a) and (b) are correct (2) Only (b) and (c) are correct
(3) Only (c) and (d) are correct (4) (a), (b) and (d) are correct
Sol. Answer (4)
Proton accumulates in lumen of thylakoid.

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16. C3 cycle (reductive pentose phosphate cycle) is basically a

(1) CO2 reduction cycle (2) CO2 oxidising cycle
(3) Photochemical reaction (4) Both (2) & (3)
Sol. Answer (1)

It occurs during reduction of CO2 into glucose.
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17. To reduce 1 CO2 in C3 cycle, assimilatory power needed is
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(1) 3ATP, 2NADPH + H+ (2) 2ATP, 3NADPH + H+
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(3) 5ATP, 2NADPH + H+ (4) 6.5 ATP, 2NADPH + H+
Sol. Answer (1)
1 CO2 requires 3ATP, 2NADPH + H+
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18. CO2 acceptor, and carboxylating enzyme in C3 plants are respectively
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(1) PEP, PEPCO (2) RuBP, RUBISCO (3) OAA, RUBISCO (4) 3 PGA, RUBISCO
Sol. Answer (2)
ON A
RuBP is CO2 acceptor and enzyme is RUBISCO.
C
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19. The methodology, which has been most useful for investigating the Calvin cycle, is
(1) Radioactive isotope technique

(2) Inverted funnel experiment
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(3) Half leaf experiment

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(4) Flash light experimental technique

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Sol. Answer (1)

14
C. radioactive used in algal photosynthesis studies.
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20. Select the correct option for photosynthesis in C3-plants.

(1) Bifunctional nature of PEPcase enzyme
(2) Regeneration of each RUBP requires 6 ATP

(3) First stable product of Calvin cycle undergoes phosphorylation in dark reaction
(4) Optimum temperature is 30–40°C

Sol. Answer (3)
2  3PGA 
2 ATP  2ADP
 2  3 PGAL
21. In photorespiration, release of CO2 occurs in

(1) Mitochondria (2) Chloroplast (3) Peroxisomes (4) Glyoxisome
Sol. Answer (1)

CO2 release in mitochondria.

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22. Photorespiration occurs
(1) During day time
(2) In C3 plants
(3) In co-operation with chloroplasts, peroxisomes and mitochondria
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
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Photorespiration occurs during presence of light in C3 plants.
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23. During photorespiration, phosphorylation as well as oxidation both occurs in
(1) Centrosome (2) Peroxisome (3) Mitochondria (4) Chloroplast
Sol. Answer (4)
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Phosphorylation and oxidation occur in the chloroplast during photorespiration.
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24. Sorghum and sugarcane plants show saturation at about
(1) 50% of full sunlight (2) 10% of full sunlight
ON A
(3) 360 ppm of CO2 (4) 500 ppm of CO2
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Sol. Answer (3)
Both sugarcane and Sorghum are C4 plants.
25. CO2 concentrating steps are found in

.
(1) C3 Plants (2) C4 plants (3) CAM plants (4) Temperate plants
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Sol. Answer (2)

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Due to dissociation of malic acid.

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26. Kranz anatomy is concerned with

R.
(1) Having peripheral reticulum in chloroplast of bundle sheath

(2) Presence of distinct bundle sheath surrounded by concentric ring of mesophyll cells
(3) Dimorphic chloroplast
(4) Large vacuole in mesophyll cells
Sol. Answer (2)
Bundle sheath is surrounded by mesophyll cells in the plants having Kranz anatomy.
27. In C4 plants, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells are specialised to perform respectively
(1) Light reaction and dark reaction (2) Dark reaction and light reaction
(3) Light reaction and photorespiration (4) Photorespiration and dark reaction
Sol. Answer (1)
C4  Light reaction
C3  Dark reaction

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28. Agranal chloroplasts are found in
(1) Mesophyll of pea leaves (2) Bundle sheath of mango leaves
(3) Mesophyll of maize leaves (4) Bundle sheath of sugarcane leaves
Sol. Answer (4)
In Bundle sheath cells of C4 plants for e.g., sugarcane.
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29. Find odd one (w.r.t. double carboxylation)
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(1) Zea mays (2) Sugarcane (3) Pisum sativum (4) Sorghum
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Sol. Answer (3)
Pisum Sativum  C3 plant
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30. Photosynthesis of maize plant differ from wheat plant in
A
(1) Number of ATP required per CO2 fixation (2) Having spatial separation in both carboxylations
(3) Having PEPcase activity (4) All of these

ON A
Sol. Answer (4)
C
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Maize is C4 plant.
Wheat is C3 plant.
.
31. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells
(1) Have thin walls to facilitate gaseous exchange (2) Have large intercellular spaces
NE K
RA
(3) Are rich in PEP carboxylase (4) Have a high density of chloroplasts
WT
Sol. Answer (4)

R.
Due to presence of Kranz anatomy.
32. C4 plants are less efficient at low temperature due to
(1) Low O2 affinity of PEPcase (2) Cold sensitivity of PEP synthetase enzyme
(3) Reduced rate of decarboxylation of organic acids (4) High energy requirement for CO2 fixation
Sol. Answer (2)
 Optimum temp. is 30 – 40°C
33. C4 plants can tolerate saline conditions due to
(1) Occurrence of organic acids (2) Absence of photorespiration
(3) Presence of PEP synthetase enzyme (4) Presence of PEP carboxylase enzyme
Sol. Answer (1)
It tolerates due to accumulation of organic acids.

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34. Which group of plants are not benefitted by CO2 fertilisation effect?
(1) Plants requiring 3 ATP per CO2 fixation (2) Plants with Kranz anatomy
(3) Plants having high rate of photorespiration (4) Plants having single carboxylation
Sol. Answer (2)
C4 plants have low CO2 compensation point and presence of organic acid in bundle sheath cells.
S
HI S S
35. Identify the reaction for which the C4 plants require some extra ATP molecules in comparison to C3 plants
SE
(1) Conversion of PEP to OAA (2) Conversion of Pyruvate to PEP
NC L K’
(3) Conversion of Malate to Oxaloacetate (4) Conversion of PEP to Malate
Sol. Answer (2)
During conversion of pyruvate to PEP.
LI
A
SECTION - C
Previous Years Questions

ON A
1. The oxygen evolved during photosynthesis comes from water molecules. Which one of the following pairs of
C
M
elements is involved in this reaction? [Re-AIPMT-2015]
(1) Magnesium and Chlorine (2) Manganese and Chlorine
(3) Manganese and Potassium (4) Magnesium and Molybdenum

.
Sol. Answer (2)

NE K
2. Anoxygenic photosynthesis is characteristic of [AIPMT-2014]

RA
WT
(1) Rhodospirillum (2) Spirogyra (3) Chlamydomonas (4) Ulva
Sol. Answer (1)

R.
3. A process that makes important difference between C3 and C4 plants is AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Photosynthesis (2) Photorespiration (3) Transpiration (4) Glycolysis
Sol. Answer (2)
It affects C3 plants
4. The correct sequence of cell organelles during photorespiration is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
(1) Chloroplast, – mitochondria, – peroxisome
(2) Chloroplast, – vacuole, – peroxisome
(3) Chloroplast, – Golgibodies, – mitochondria
(4) Chloroplast, – Rough endoplasmic reticulum, – Dictyosomes
Sol. Answer (1)
Photorespiration completed in three cell organells i.e., chloroplast, peroxysome and mitochondria.

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5. In Kranz anatomy, the bundle sheath cells have [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]

(1) Thin walls, no intercellular spaces and several chloroplasts
(2) Thick walls, many intercellular spaces and few chloroplasts
(3) Thin walls, many intercellular spaces and no chloroplasts
(4) Thick walls, no intercellular spaces and large number of chloroplasts
Sol. Answer (4)
S
HI S S
In C4 plants bundle sheath cells are characterised by presence of thick walls, without intercellular space and
SE
having large numbers of chloroplast.
NC L K’
6. CAM helps the plants in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]
(1) Reproduction (2) Conserving water (3) Secondary growth (4) Disease resistance
Sol. Answer (2)
LI
Plants are extreme xerophytes.
A
7. PGA as the first CO2 fixation product was discovered in photosynthesis of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
ON A
(1) Alga (2) Bryophyte (3) Gymnosperm (4) Angiosperm
C
Sol. Answer (1)
M
Melvin calvin used radioactive 14C in algal photosynthesis studies.
8. C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis than C3 plants due to [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]
.
(1) Lower rate of photorespiration

(2) Higher leaf area
NE K
RA
(3) Presence of larger number of chloroplasts in the leaf cells

WT
(4) Presence of thin cuticle

Sol. Answer (3)
R.
Large number of chloroplast present in C4 plants.
9. Read the following four statements, a, b, c and d and select the right option having both correct statements.
Statements:
a. Z scheme of light reaction takes place in presence of PSI only.
b. Only PS I is functional in cyclic photophosphorylation.
c. Cyclic photophosphorylation results into synthesis of ATP and NADPH2
d. Stroma lamellae lack PS II as well as NADP.
Options : [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) B and D (2) A and B (3) B and C (4) C and D
Sol. Answer (1)
(A) is wrong because Z schemes requires PS II also (C) is wrong as NADP reductase is not there in cyclic
phosphorylation.

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10. Kranz anatomy is one of the characteristics of the leaves of [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
(1) Potato (2) Wheat (3) Sugarcane (4) Mustard
Sol. Answer (3)
C4 plants, bundle sheath cells  Kranz anatomy.
11. Study the pathway given below :

Atmospheric CO2
S
Mesophyll Plasma
HI S S
cell membrane
Cell wall
SE
NC L K’
Phosphoenol
HCO3– pyruvate
A C
C4 acid C3 acid
LI Plasmo-
desmata
A
Bundle
sheath
cell
Transport Transport
ON A
Fixation by
Calvin cycle
C4 acid
C CO2
M
B C3 acid
In which of the following options correct words for all the three blanks A, B and C are indicated ?
.
[AIPMT (Mains)-2010]
NE K
A B C
RA
(1) Decarboxylation Reduction Regeneration

WT
(2) Fixation Transamination Regeneration

(3) Fixation Decarboxylation Regeneration
Carboxylation Decarboxylation Reduction
R.
(4)
Sol. Answer (3)

Fixation Decarboxylation Regeneration
A B C
OAA Pyruvate PEP
12. Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) Oscillatoria (2) Rhodospirillum (3) Chlorobium (4) Chromatium
Sol. Answer (1)
Oscillatoria  Example of oxygenic photosynthesis, others are anoxygenic.
13. Cyclic photophosphorylation results in the formation of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) ATP and NADPH (2) ATP, NADPH and O2 (3) ATP (4) NADPH
Sol. Answer (3)
ATP form during cyclic photophosphorylation.

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14. Stroma in the chloroplasts of higher plant contains: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(1) Light-dependent reaction enzymes (2) Ribosomes
(3) Chlorophyll (4) Light-independent reaction enzymes
Sol. Answer (4)
15. The C4 plants are photosynthetically more efficient than C3 plants because [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
S
HI S S
(1) They have more chloroplasts
SE
(2) The CO2 compensation point is more
NC L K’
(3) CO2 generated during photorespiration is trapped and recycled through PEP carboxylase
(4) The CO2 efflux is not prevented
LI
Sol. Answer (1)
A
Having large number of chloroplast and absence of photorespiration.
16. In leaves of C4 plants malic acid synthesis during CO2 fixation occurs in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
ON A
(1) Guard cells (2) Epidermal cells (3) Mesophyll cells (4) Bundle sheath
C
M
Sol. Answer (3)
PEP  OAA  Malic acid in mesophyll cells.
17. Electrons from excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II are accepted first by [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
.
(1) Ferredoxin (2) Cytochrome - b (3) Cytochrome - f (4) Quinone

NE K
Sol. Answer (4)

RA
WT
PS II  Quinone
R.
18. The first acceptor of electrons from an excited chlorophyll molecule of photosystem II is:
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(1) Quinone (2) Cytochrome (3) Iron-sulphur protein (4) Ferredoxin
Sol. Answer (1)
19. In the leaves of C4 plants, malic acid formation during CO2 fixation occurs in the cells of:
(1) Epidermis (2) Mesophyll (3) Bundle sheath (4) Phloem
Sol. Answer (2)
In mesophyll cells, CO2 reacts with PEP and form malic acids.
20. In photosystem-I, the first electron acceptor is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
(1) Ferredoxin (2) Cytochrome (3) Plastocyanin (4) An iron-sulphur protein

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Sol. Answer (4)
Fe-S Complex
+
NADP NADPH
Cyt b6 NADP reductase

C
Y
Cyt f C
S
PQ L Ferredoxin
I
HI S S
Plastocyanin (2Fe-2S)
C
Pheophytin
SE
FeS complex
NC L K’
(4Fe-4S)
P680 P700
Light
LI PS II Light PS I
A
Non-cyclic phosphorylation
Z-scheme
ON A
21. During photorespiration, the oxygen consuming reaction(s) occur in [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
C
M
(1) Stroma of chloroplasts and mitochondria (2) Stroma of chloroplasts and peroxisomes
(3) Grana of chloroplasts and peroxisomes (4) Stroma of chloroplasts
Sol. Answer (2)

.
O2
Chloroplast RUBP RuBisCo

NE K
RA
Phosphoglycolate + PGA
WT
22. Photosynthesis in C4 plants is relatively less limited by atmospheric CO2 levels because :
R.
(1) Four carbon acids are the primary initial CO2 fixation products
(2) The primary fixation of CO2 is mediated via PEP carboxylase
(3) Effective pumping of CO2 into bundle sheath cells
(4) RuBisCO in C4 plants has higher affinity for CO2
Sol. Answer (2)
The primary acceptor of CO2 is PEP, catalysed by PEP carboxylase.
23. As compared to a C3 plant, how many additional molecules of ATP are needed for net production of one
molecule of hexose sugar by C4 plants : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) 2 (2) 6 (3) 0 (4) 12
Sol. Answer (4)

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24. Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR) has the following range of wavelengths : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]
(1) 400 - 700 nm (2) 450 - 950 nm (3) 340 - 450 nm (4) 500 - 600 nm
Sol. Answer (1)
During photosynthesis PAR is 400-700 nm.
25. Chlorophyll-a molecule at its carbon atom 3 of the pyrrole ring II has one of the following
S
(1) Carboxylic group (2) Magnesium (3) Aldehyde group (4) Methyl group
HI S S
Sol. Answer (4)
SE
NC L K’
In the pyrrole ring II at 3 position there is methyl group.
26. Which fractions of the visible spectrum of solar radiations are primarily absorbed by carotenoids of the higher
plants?
LI
(1) Blue and green (2) Green and red (3) Red and violet (4) Violet and blue
A
Sol. Answer (4)
Carotenoids absorbed middle part of visible spectrum mainly violet and blue light.
ON A
27. During light reaction of photosynthesis, which of the following phenomenon is observed during cyclic
C
M
phosphorylation as well as non-cyclic phosphorylation?
(1) Release of O2 (2) Formation of ATP
(3) Formation of NADPH (4) Involvement of PS I & PS II pigment systems
.
Sol. Answer (2)

ATP synthesized in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation.
NE K
RA
WT
28. NADPH2 is generated through

(1) Photosystem II (2) Anaerobic respiration (3) Glycolysis (4) Photosystem I
Sol. Answer (4)
R.
+
NADP NADPH
NADP reductase
Cyt b6 C
Y
Cyt f C
PQ L Ferredoxin
Plastocyanin I (2Fe-2S)
C
Pheophytin FeS complex
(4Fe-4S)
P680 P700
Light PS II Light PS I
Non-cyclic phosphorylation
Z-scheme

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29. The first step for initiation of photosynthesis will be
(1) Photolysis of water
(2) Excitement of chlorophyll molecules due to absorption of light
(3) ATP formation
(4) Glucose formation
S
Sol. Answer (2)
HI S S
During light reaction first of all excitation of chlorophyll molecules occurs due to absorption of light.
SE
NC L K’
30. Which pigment system is inactivated in red drop?
(1) PS-I and PS-II (2) PS-I (3) PS-II (4) None of these
LI
Sol. Answer (3)
A
PS-II, because its reaction centre is P680.
31. In photosynthesis, energy from light reaction to dark reaction is transferred in the form of
ON A
(1) ADP (2) ATP (3) RuDP (4) Chlorophyll
C
M
Sol. Answer (2)
In light reaction, light energy is converted into ATP.
32. Which of the following absorb light energy for photosynthesis?

.
(1) Chlorophyll (2) Water molecule (3) O2 (4) RuBP

NE K
Sol. Answer (1)

RA
WT
Light energy absorbed by photosynthetic pigments. i.e., chlorophyll

R.
33. How many electrons, protons and photons are involved in the lysis of water to evolve one molecule of oxygen?
(1) 4e–, 4H+ & 4 photons (2) 4e–, 4H+ & 8 photons (3) 2e–, 2H+ & 8 photons (4) 2e–, 2H+ & 4 photons
Sol. Answer (2)
2H2O 
8 Photons
 4H  O2  4e
34. The primary acceptor, during CO2 fixation in C3 plants, is
(1) Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) (2) Ribulose 1, 5-diphosphate (RuDP)
(3) Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) (4) Ribulose monophosphate (RMP)
Sol. Answer (2)
In C3 plants, CO2 acceptor is RuDP.
35. What will be the number of Calvin cycles to generate one molecule of hexose?
(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 4 (4) 6

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Sol. Answer (4)

In one cycle, one molecule of CO2 reduced.
DHAP RUBP
Carbon compound
So six cycle will be required for one hexose.
S
HI S S
36. For assimilation of one CO2 molecule, the energy required in form of ATP and NADPH2 are
SE
NC L K’
(1) 2 ATP and 2 NADPH2 (2) 5 ATP and 3 NADPH2
(3) 3 ATP and 2 NADPH2 (4) 18 ATP and 12 NADPH2
Sol. Answer (3)
LI
In C3 plants, 3 ATP and 2 NADPH2 required during fixation of one CO2.
A
37. Which one of the following represents photophosphorylation ?
Light energy Light energy

(1) ADP  AMP     ATP (2) ADP  Inorganic PO 4     ATP
ON A
C
(3) ADP  Inorganic PO 4  ATP Light energy
(4) AMP  Inorganic PO 4     ATP
M
Sol. Answer (2)
Photophosphorylation means synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
.
38. In C3 plants, the first stable product of photosynthesis during the dark reaction is
NE K
(1) Malic acid (2) Oxaloacetic acid

RA
WT
(3) 3-phosphoglyceric acid (4) Phosphoglyceraldehyde

Sol. Answer (3)
R.
3 PGA is first stable product in C3 plants.
39. Bundle sheath cells

(1) Are rich in RuBisCo (2) Are rich in PEP carboxylase
(3) Lack RuBisCo (4) Lack both RuBisCo and PEP carboxylase
Sol. Answer (1)
Bundle sheath cells are rich in RuBisCo.
Here C3 cycles occur.
40. Which one of the following organisms is correctly matched with its three characteristics?
(1) Pea : C3 pathway, Endospermic seed, Vexillary aestivation
(2) Tomato : Twisted aestivation, Axile placentation, Berry
(3) Onion : Bulb, Imbricate aestivation, Axile placentation
(4) Maize : C3 pathway, Closed vascular bundles, Scutellum

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Sol. Answer (4)
Maize is a C4 plant having closed vascular bundles i.e., cambium absent.
41. Presence of bundle sheath is a characteristic of
(1) Xerophytic plants (2) Members of the grass family
(3) C4 plants (4) C3 plants
S
HI S S
Sol. Answer (3)
SE
Distinct bundle sheath present in C4 plants.
NC L K’
42. In C4 plants, the bundle sheath cells
(1) Have thin walls to facilitate gaseous exchange (2) Have large intercellular spaces
LI
(3) Are rich in PEP carboxylase (4) Have a high density of chloroplasts
A
Sol. Answer (4)
Large number of chloroplast present in bundle sheath cells of C4 plants.

ON A
43. The CO2 fixation during C4 pathway occurs in the chloroplast of
C
M
(1) Guard cells (2) Bundle sheath cells (3) Mesophyll cells (4) Spongy parenchyma
Sol. Answer (3)
C4 pathway occurs in the mesophyll cells.

.
44. In C4 plants, CO2 fixation is done by

NE K
(1) Sclerenchyma (2) Chlorenchyma and hypodermis

RA
WT
(3) Mesophyll cells (4) Guard cells
Sol. Answer (3)

R.
In C4 plants, start in mesophyll cells.
45. In C4 plants, CO2 combines with
(1) Phosphoenol pyruvate (2) Phosphoglyceraldehyde
(3) Phosphoglyceric acid (4) Ribulose monophosphate
Sol. Answer (1)
CO 2
PEP OAA Malic acid
46. Which is the first CO2 acceptor enzyme in C4 plants?
(1) RuDP carboxylase (2) Phosphoric acid (3) RuBisCo (4) PEP carboxylase
Sol. Answer (4)
PEP carboxylase in the mesophyll cells.

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47. Which pair is wrong?

(1) C3-Maize (2) C4-Kranz anatomy
(3) Calvin cycle-PGA (4) Hatch and Slack cycle – OAA
Sol. Answer (1)

Maize is C4 plant.
S
48. In sugarcane plant, 14CO is fixed in malic acid. Which of the enzyme that fixes CO2?
HI S S
2
(1) Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (2) Phosphoenol pyruvic acid carboxylase
SE
NC L K’
(3) Ribulose phosphate kinase (4) Fructose phosphatase
Sol. Answer (2)
PEP carboxylase
LI
49. Which one of the following is wrong in relation to photorespiration ?
A
(1) Ist oxidation in chloroplast (2) It occurs in day time only
(3) It is a characteristic of C4 plants (4) It is a characteristic of C3 plants
ON A
Sol. Answer (3)
C
M
Photorespiration is characteristic of C3 plants.
50. ‘The law of limiting factors’ was proposed by

(1) Leibig (2) Hatch and Slack (3) Blackman (4) Arnon
.
Sol. Answer (3)

NE K
Blackman proposed the law of limiting factor.

RA
WT
51. Maximum absorption of light occurs in the region of

(1) 1000 - 1200 nm (2) 1500 – 2000 nm (3) 400 - 700 nm (4) 700 – 900 nm
R.
Sol. Answer (3)

PAR → visible region, 400 – 700 nm
52. The rate of photosynthesis is higher in

(1) Very high light (2) Continuous light (3) Red light (4) Green light
Sol. Answer (3)

Maximum photosynthesis occurs in red light.
53. Plants adapted to low light intensity have

(1) Larger photosynthetic unit size than the sun plants (2) Higher rate of CO2 fixation than the sun plants
(3) More extended root system (4) Leaves modified to spines

Sol. Answer (1)
Number of chlorophyll molecules increases to compensate low light intensity.

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SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. A : In C4 plants, chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells are granal.
R : PS II is mostly found in appressed part of granum.
Sol. Answer (4)
In Bundle sheath cells PS II absent which implies agranal chloroplast.
S
HI S S
2. A : Dark reactions of photosynthesis are temperature controlled processes.
SE
R : Most of the reactions are enzymatic in nature.
NC L K’
Sol. Answer (1)
Enzyme reactions are controlled by temperature.
3. A : Dark acidification occurs in CAM plants.
LI
R : Organic acids are decarboxylated during night.
A
Sol. Answer (3)
Dark acidification is reaction occurs in Night and organic acid like malic acid is decarboxylated during day.
ON A
4. A : Assimilatory power in photosynthesis is generated in ETS occuring in thylakoid membrane.
C
M
R : They are needed for CO2 reduction and RuBP regeneration.
Sol. Answer (2)
ATP produced is required for carrying out different metabolic activities, biosynthetic reaction taking place in
stroma, responsible for fixation of CO2 and synthesis of sugar.
.
5. A : Light harvesting complexes (LHC) on thylakoid membrane broaden the range of light absorption.
NE K
R : They transfer e– to reaction centre.

RA
WT
Sol. Answer (3)

Antenna molecules transfer electron to Reaction Centre.
R.
6. A : For every CO2 molecule entering C3 cycle, three molecules of ATP and two NADPH are required.
R : Cyclic photophosphorylation takes place to meet the difference in number of ATP.
Sol. Answer (2)
Cyclic photophosphorylation is needed to meet difference in number of ATP but no correlation with Ist
statement.
7. A : Carotenoids protect plant from excessive heat and prevent photooxidation of chlorophyll.
R : Carotenoids enable a wider range of wavelength of incoming light to be utilised for photosynthesis.
Sol. Answer (2)
Carotenoids provide protection to chlorophyll from nascent oxygen.
8. A : Biosynthetic phase of photosynthesis depend directly on presence of light.

R : Both ATP and NADPH are not essential for assimilation of CO2 to carbohydrates.
Sol. Answer (4)
Dark reaction is not depend directly on the light. ATP and NADPH is essential for CO2 fixation.

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9. A : Most of the photosynthesis takes place in the blue and red region of spectrum.
R : Action spectrum shows the amount of energy of different wavelength of light absorbed by pigments.
Sol. Answer (3)
Action spectrum depicts the magnitude of a response of biological system to light as function of wavelength.
For e.g.,  action spectrum of photosynthesis can be constructed from measurements of O2 evolution at
different wavelengths.
S
10. A : Tropical plants are more efficient in CO2 utilization.
HI S S
R : C3 plants ensure that RuBisCO functions as carboxylase minimising oxygenase activity.
SE
Sol. Answer (2)
NC L K’
At high CO2 concentration RuBisCO enzyme acts as carboxylase enzyme.

LI
A
ON A
C
M
.
NE K
RA
WT
R.

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

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Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

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R. K. MALIK’S JEE (MAIN & ADV.

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

1. Choose incorrect w.r.t. photosynthesis

In some bacteria, H2S is used instead of H2O. So O2 is not released.

based on the studies of

12H2O  6CO2  C6H12O6  6H2O  6O2

4. Which equation represents the process of photosynthesis most adequately?

Sol. Answer (4)

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GRANA  Stacks of thylakoids

(1) Light harvesting complex (2) Reaction centre

Sol. Answer (4)

9. In the chloroplast, the stroma lamellae lack the

10. The movement of electrons as per Z-scheme in light reaction is

It can occur uphill / downhill in redox potential scale.

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(i) ATP (ii) NADPH + H+

13. The oxygen liberated during the photosynthesis comes from

(3) P. Mitchell (4) Van Niel

Chemiosmotic theory for ATP synthesis was proposed by P.Mitchell.

15. The photosystem connected with splitting of water is

16. NADPH is generated through

PS I reduces NADP+ to NADPH in the stroma by action NADP reductase enzyme.

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17. Read the following statements:

Sol. Answer (2)

19. The primary CO2 acceptor in C3 plants is

(1) RuBP (2) PGA (3) PEP (4) OAA

In C3 plants, CO2 acceptor is Ribulose 1-5, bi-phosphate.

20. In C3 plants, first stable product of CO2 fixation is

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LI (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 2

RUBP carboxylase is used in both plants.

(1) They show kranz anatomy

(3) Granal chloroplast is present in bundle sheath cells.

26. In C4 plants, first stable product of CO2 fixation is

27. In C4 plants, sugar is produced in

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28. The C4 and C3 plants differ from each other in

31. ‘Kranz’ anatomy of leaves is found in

Sol. Answer (1)

In mesophyll cell, PEP carboxylase required for CO2 fixation.

33. Which of the following statement is correct regarding the C4 plants?

34. RuBisCO in C4 plants shows minimum oxygenase activity due to

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37. PEPcase and RuBisCO in C4 plants are present respectively in

(4) Decarboxylation in C4 pathway – Bundle sheath cell

Sol. Answer (3)

It is initiated in chloroplast  Peroxisome - Mitochondria.

39. Law of limiting factor was given in

(1) 1950 (2) 1905 (3) 1920 (4) 1915

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42. The CO2 concentration at which C4 plants show saturation is about

44. Choose the correct sequence of steps involved in C4 cycle.

45. Choose the correct labelling for given figure

Sol. Answer (1)

E-Maximum photosynthesis  Max. value.

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1. The bulk fixation of carbon through photosynthesis, takes place in

3. Choose the correct statement

chlorophyll-b, CHO replaces CH3 at 3 C-Chl-a.

(3) CO2 containing 18O (4) Oxygen in the form of ozone

5. The first step in photosynthesis is

6. Electric charge separation or quantum conversion occurs at