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Because two radio transmitters sharing the same frequency band cause
mutual interference, band usage is regulated. International use of the radio
spectrum is regulated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
Domestic use of the radio spectrum is regulated by national agencies such
as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the U.S. Regulatory
organizations assign each transmission source a band of operation, a
transmitter radiation pattern, and a maximum transmitter power.
● Very low frequencies (vlf) range from 3 to 30 kilohertz (kHz). Time signals
and standard frequencies are among the users of this band.
● Low frequencies (lf) range from 30 to 300 kHz. Fixed, maritime mobile
and navigational systems and radio broadcasting are among the users of
this band.
● Medium frequencies (mf) range from 300 to 3000 kHz. Land, maritime
mobile and radio broadcasting are among the users of this band.
● High frequencies (hf) - also called shortwaves - range from 3 to 30
megahertz (MHz). Fixed, mobile, aeronautical and marine mobile,
amateur radio, and radio broadcasting are among the users of this band.
● Very high frequencies (vhf) range from 30 to 300 MHz. Fixed, mobile,
aeronautical and marine mobile, amateur radio, television and radio
broadcasting, and radio navigation are among the users of this band.
● Ultra high frequencies (uhf) range from 300 to 3000 MHz. Fixed, mobile,
aeronautical and marine mobile, amateur radio, television, radio
navigation and location, meteorological, and space communication are
among the users of this band.
● Super high frequencies (shf) range from 3 to 30 gigahertz (GHz). Fixed,
mobile, radio navigation and location, and space and satellite
communication are among the users of this band.
● Extremely high frequencies (ehf) range from 30 to 300 GHz. Amateur
radio, satellite, and earth and space exploration are among the users of
this band.
Site Planing:
SCFT & SSV
GSM and WCDMA Single site verification SSV
Single site verification (SSV) is an audit method, where we need to check the entire KPI(Key
performance indicator) , coverage and quality for a single radio base station site.
For GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) network a single site has more than twenty KPI (Key
performance indicator) , on the other hand for WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access)
including HSPA plus a single site has more than forty five Key performance indicators (KPI) . But all the
KPI doesn’t carries the same morals, on the other hand less significant KPI values depends on the major
KPIs. So, we often check major Key performance indicators for single site verification (SSV). The entire
single site verification (SSV) can be categorized into three subcategory.
These are:
Tools and Software for single site verification (SSV) drive test (DT):
● TEMS Investigation data collection software.
Or
● Genex probe
Or
● Nemo outdoor.
● Mapinfo professional (minimum version 8.5scp)
● Microsoft excel (as a SSV template)
Or
● Microsoft Power point (As a SSV template)
● Mobile Station (MS)
● Inverter (as a power source for laptop)
● GPS (Global positioning system) receiver. An
example of Drive test equipment arrangement is given bellow:
Figure: Drive Test equipment arrangement.
● Run the command sequence for mobile station-2 (MS2) and mobile station-3
(MS3), cover the entire car accessible road surrounding (360 degree) of radio base SSV
site. Please check the figure in bellow:
From mobile station-1 (MS1), we collect total coverage area of a radio base site and received
signal strength (RxLevel) , also we check cell mismatch (feeder cable swap). An example of
total coverage area and received signal strength (Rxlevel) of radio base site is given bellow:
Figure: Total coverage area of SSV radio base site.
Abstract:
● ARFCN:
"ARFCN means for Absolute Radio Frequency Channel number. There are 124 ARFCN in P-
GSM, 175 in E-GSM, 375 in DCS 1800.
● BCCH:
BCCH means for broadcasting control channel, it's a down link channel of GSM air interface.
BCCH carries system information of radio base station including available features,
configuration and identity.
Candidate : Hello, Good Morning, I Got to Known That there is a Vacancies for DT engg .
Interviewer: Tell Me About Yourself ? How Much Experience You Have In Telecom ?
Candidate :My Self Abdul I Belongs To Hyderabad, I Have ToTal 1.8 yrs Experience in Telecom Field. I Worked as a
Drive Test Engineer, For Idea LTE Projects A.P & T.S . From LinkQuest India Pvt.Ltd . Currently Working In
Hyderabad.
Interviewer: Ookay!!!. What was the Actives & Scenarios You Are Doing/ Job Responsibility ?
i.e
● SCFT,
● Cluster Drive
● Route Drive
● Customer Complains
● O.S Drive
● CA Drive
I have Search the site Where is Located , Then I had to Plan to do Physical Verification of site .
1. In Physical verification I will Check the Direction of Sectors, Audit of the Site, Tilts Like
● Mechanical Tilt
● Electrical Tilt
● Height of Antena
● Building Details
● Tower Type
● Antena Type
● Lat/Long of Site.
2.Photos :
● 360 paramonic Photos
● Sector 1.2.3 Area or Clutter Area Photo
● Antina Photo.
● Electrical Tilt
● Mechanical TILT Photo.
● Tower Photo.
● Danger Sign Photo.
● Blocking Photo.
3.Testing :
1. STATIC DRIVE
1. STATIC DRIVE :
Candidate :
Candidate :
Candidate :
● Parameter Like
● RSRP (-44 to -140)
RSRQ (0 to -20)
SINR/CINR (0 to 30)
● CQI (1 to 15)
● PCI (504)
● PDSCH Throughput
● PUSCH Throughput
Candidate :
7.Inverter
8.Handy Gps
9.Mirror
Compass
10.USB Hub
2G(GSM)
Parameter :
7.Map 8.GPS
1. Current Channel :
2. Radio Parameter :
● Mode : GSM/WCDMA/LTE
● RxLevel : RxLevel Is Nothing but the Signal Strength Recieving From the BTS
to MS. And its ranges are 0 to-120dbm
● RxQuality : RxQuality Is Nothing but the Amount of Quality receiving From
the BTS to MS. And its ranges are 0 to 7. Its depends on BER.
● FER (Frame Error Rate) : Its Play a Major role, Its indication Voice Quality is
Receiving from the Network. Its Ranges(0 to 100)Less Good.
● BER Actual : Ratio of Number of Bits, Total Nmbr of bits Transmitting in
Time Interval, Its Ranges 0 to 26% (Less Good),Depends on RxQulty.
● SQI MOS (Speech Quality Index) : 0.8ms Updates , Ranges 1 to 5.
● C/I (Co-channel Interference) : Ratio Between Signal of current Serving Cell &
Signal Strength of Neighbors Cells. Ranges -5 to 36 .
● Ms power Control Level : Its depends on Network Operators.(0 to 31)
● DTx (Discontinuous Transmission) : Its reduce the Power
consumption & reduce the overall interferences. Its ranges are 0 to 100.
● TA (Timing Advance) : Response time From BTS to MS. It ranges 0 to 63
● RL Time Out : SACCH block, when RL Time Become '0' Then Call Drop.
6. Events :
● In the Event Window , Its Display the Activities Currently Running in the
Software Like Handover, Call Drop, Block Call, Call End, Etc......
7. MAP :
● Its Show the Information about your Position Like Latitude &
Longitude, Speed of Vehicle, Etc.......
Main Function & Observation in GSM :
● RxLevel Full ( IDLE )
● RxLevel Sub (Dedicate)
● RxQuality Sub
● C/I Interference
● TA
● RL Time out
● CGI
● BSIC
● Hopping Frequencies
● Call Drops
● Handover & Handover Failure
● Over Shooting Cells
● Swaps
● SSV (Single Site Verification)
● SCFT (Single Cell Functioning Test)
● Physical Verification / Site Optimization / Site Audit
● Customer Complain
● Walk Test
● Booster / Repeater /IBS Testing
Handover Failure Reasons :
● RxQuality Poor
● RxLevel Poor
● Interference
● Neighbor Missing
● Blocking
● TRX / Hardware /Software Problem
● High Traffic Congestion in Target Site
● BSIC Same in Source Cell & Target Cell
Calldrop Reasons :
● RxQuality Poor
● RxLevel Poor
● Neighbor Missing
● Blocking
● TRX / Hardware /Software Problem
● High Traffic Congestion in Target Site
● BSIC Same in Source Cell & Target Cell
● Bad Environment Condition
● Handover Failure
● Interference
DATA Services :
Modulation Technique :
Data Throughput :
1. Radio Parameter :
Types :
Cell Names :
SC (Scrambling Code) :
● Every Cell Have Unique SC, But Frequency is Same for All Node b.
Cell ID :
● Cell/Node b Cell ID
UARFCN :
Ec/No
:
● Energy Bit Over Noise Ratio , Quality receiving in the Network. Ranges 0 to 7 .
RSCP :
● Received Signal Code Power, Signal Strength receiving From Node b to UE. Ranges
-15dbm to
- 140dbm.
4. Events :
● In the Event Window , Its Display the Activities Currently Running in the
Software Like Handover, Call Drop, Block Call, Call End, Etc......
5. MAP :
● Its Show the Information about your Position Like Latitude &
Longitude, Speed of Vehicle, Etc.......
Analysis the Download Speed in the Network in (Dedicate Share Channel) DSCH
Throughput. (DL Speed)
Analysis the Upload Speed in the Network in (High Speed Uplink Enhance Dedicate
Channel) HS UL E- DCH Throughput. (UL Speed)
TEMS Investigation:
Main Function & Observation in WCDMA :
● RSCP
● Ec/No
● AS/MN/DN/SC
● Scrambling Code
● Pilot Pollution
● SIR / CPICH
● Handovers / IRAT
● HSDPA
● HSUPA
DATA Services :
Modulation Technique :
1. QPSK
2. 16QAM
3. 64QAM
Download Throughput DL : 6-8 Mbps Upload
Parameter :
1. Radio Parameter
2. LTE Serving Cell Info
3. Neighbors/Serving Cell
4. LTE line Chart Throughput
5. LTE Serving Cell Counts
6. Events
7. MAP
8. GPS
2. Photos :
360 Paramonic Photo.
Sector 1.2.3 Area or Clutter Area Photo
Antina Photo.
Electrical & Mechanical TILT Photo.
Tower Photo.
Danger Sign Photo.
Blocking Photo.
LTE Test :
3. Testing :
1. Static Drive Test
2. Dynamic Drive Test or Mobility Drive
1. STATIC Drive : Standing in front of Sector 1.2.3 and Recording
Scripts:
Short
Call
FTP DL
FTP UL
Ping Test
PS-Attached
PS-Dettached
FTP UL (Upload)
PSAttached
PS-Dettached
THANKS & ALL THE BEST