Thermodynamics 1

Hipolito B. Sta. Maria

Chapter 3 : The Ideal
Gas
Solution Manual
1. An automobile tire is inflated to 32psig pressure at 50 F. After being driven, the temperature rises to 75 F.
Determine the final gage pressure assuming the volume remains constant.

Ans. 34.29 psig (Electrical Engineering Board Exam Problem)

Given: Required:
P1 = 32 psig P2 = ?
T1 = 50 F + 460 = 510 R
T2 = 75 F + 460 = 535 R

Solution:
Since volume is constant, use Charles’ Law on constant volume processes.
�1 �2
=
�1 �2
Note: P and T should be absolute.

�1 �2
�2�=1
(32 ���� + 14.696 ���)( 535 R )
�2 =
510 R
�2 = 48.9850

Converting back to gage pressure

�2 = 48.9850 − 14.696
�2 = 34.29 ����

2. If 100 ft3 of atmospheric air at zero Fahrenheit temperature are compressed to a volume of 1 ft3 at a temperature
of 200 F, what will be the pressure of the air in psi?

Ans. 2109 psia (Electrical Engineering Board Exam Problem)

Given: Required:
V1 = 100 ft3 V2 = 1 ft3 P2 = ?
T1 = 0 F + 460 = 460 R T2 = 200 F + 460 = 660 R
P1 = 14.696 psia

Solution:
�1 �1 �2 �2
=
�1�2
�1 �1 �2
�2 =
�1 �2
(14.696 psia )(100 ft 3 )(660 R)
�2 =
(460 R)(1 ft 3 )
�2 = 2109 ����
3. A 10 ft3 tank contains gas at a pressure of 500 psia, temperature of 85 F and a weight of 25 lbs. A part of the gas
was discharged and the temperature and pressure changed to 70 F and 300 psia, respectively. Heat was applied
and the temperature was back to 85 F. Find the final weight, volume, and pressure of the gas.
Ans: 15.43 lb; 10 ft3; 308.5 psia (Electrical Engineering Board Exam Problem)

Given: Required:
V1 = 10 ft3 T2 = 70 F + 460 = 330 R m=?
P1 = 500 psia P2 = 300 psia V=?
T1 = 85 F + 460 = 545 R T3 = 85 F + 460 = 545 R P3 = ?
m = 25 lb

Solution:
The volume is fixed – it remains 10 ft3 throughout.
V1 = 10 ft3 = V2
�� = ���
�1 �1�2 �2 �2 �3
= =
�1 ��1 �2 ��2 �2 �3
�2 �2 �1 �1 � 2 �3
�2 = �3 =
�1 �1 �2 �2
(300 psia)(10 ft 3 )(25 lb)(545 R) (300 psia)(545 R)
�2 = �3 =
(500 psia)(10 ft 3 )(530 R) 530 R
�2 = 15.42 �� �2 = 308.49 ����
4. Four hundred cubic centimeters of gas at a pressure of 740 mmHg absolute and temperature of 18 C undergoes
a process until the pressure and temperature becomes 760 mmHg absolute and 0 C respectively. Calculate the
final volume of the gas.
Ans. 365 cc (Electrical Engineering Board Exam Problem)

Given: Required:
V1 = 400 cm3 V=?
P1 = 740 mmHg = 74 cmHg P2 = 760 mmHg = 76 cmHg
T1 = 18 C + 273 = 291 K T2 = 0 C + 273 = 273 K

Solution:
�1 �1 �2 �2
=
�1�2
�1 �1 �2
�2 =
�1 �2
(74 cmHg)(400 cm3 )(273 K)
�2 =
(291 K)(76 cmHg)
�2 = 365 ��
 5. A motorist equips his automobile tires with a relief-type valve so that the pressure inside the tire will never will
exceed 240 kPa (gage). He starts a trip with a pressure of 200 kPa (gage) and a temperature of 23 C in the tires.
During the long drive, the temperature of the air in the tires reaches 83 C. Each tire contains 0.11 kg of air.
Determine (a) the mass of air escaping each tire, (b) the pressure of the tire when the temperature returns to 23
degree Celsius.
Ans (a) 0.0064 kg; (b) 182.48 kPa (gage)

� ∙�
Given: � = 287.08 �� ∙� Required:
m = 0.11 kg T1 = 23C + 273 = 296 K m=?
P1 = 200 kPa T2 = 83 C + 273 = 356 K P=?

Solution:
�� = ��� � − �2 = 0.11 �� − 0.1036 ��
��� � = 0.0064 ��
�=
�
�� = ���
�∙�
���
(0.11 kg)(287.08)(296 K)
�=
�� ∙ �
�
�=
�∙�
200000 Pa + 101325 Pa
(240000 (0.1036 ��)(287.08)(296 K)
� = 0.0310 �3 �� + 101325 ��)(0.0310 �3 )�2 �2
�2 == �� ∙ �
� ∙ �� �2 �=
(287.08)(356 K) (0.0310 �3 )
�� ∙ � � = 283.80 ��� − 101.325 ���
�2 = 0.1036 �� � = 183 ���

6. A 6-m3 tank contains helium at 400K and is evacuated from atmospheric pressure to a pressure of 740 mm Hg
vacuum. Determine (a) mass of helium remaining in the tank, (b) mass of helium pump out, (c) the temperature
of the helium falls to 10 C. What is the pressure in kPa?
Ans. (a) 0.01925 kg; (b) 0.7123 kg; (c) 1.886 kPa

Given: Required:
V1 = 6-m3 T2 = 10 C + 273 = 283 K a. m = ?
T1 = 400 K �∙� b. m = ?
� = 2077.67 �� ∙�
Pg = 740 mmHg vacuum Patm = 760 mmHg c. P = ? kPa

Solution:
���� = ���� − �b. �2 = � − �1 = 0.7315�� − 0.01925���
�2 = 0.71225 ������ = 760 mmHg − 740 mmHg = 20mmHg
= 2.66 ���
c. �� = ���(101.325 ���)(6m3 )�1 �1
� === 0.7315 ��
�� ∙ �
�� ∙ �� �1(0.01925 ��) (2.07767) (283 �)
(2.07767) (400 K)��T�� ∙ �
�� ∙ �
� ==
(6m3 )�a. �� = ���
� = 1.886 ���(2.666 ���)(6m3 )�1 �1
�1 ==
�� ∙ �� �1
(2.07767) (400 K)
�� ∙ �
�1 = 0.01925 ��
7. An automobile tire contains 3730 cu in. of air at 32 psig and 80 F. (a) What mass of air is in the tire? (b) In
operation, the air temperature increases to 145 F. If the tire is inflexible, what is the resulting percentage
increase in gage pressure? (c) What mass of the 145 F air must be bled off to reduce the pressure back to its
original value?
Ans. (a) 0.5041 Ib; (b) 17.53%; (c) 0.0542 lb

Given: Required:
V1 = 3730 in3 T2 = 145 F + 460 = 605 R a. m = ?
P 1 = 32 psig �� ∙ �� b. %P = ?
� = 53.342 �� ∙�
T1 = 80 F + 460 = 540 R c. m = ?

Solution:
37.63 ���� − 32 ����a. �� = ���
%� =×100
3)(32 ���� + 14.692 ����)(3730 in��32 ����
�1 ==
%� = 17.59 %�� ∙ ����� �1
(53.342) (540 R)(12 )
�� ∙ ���
�1 = 0.50386 ��c. �� = ���
(32 ���� + 14.692 ����)(3730 in3 )��
�2 ==
b. V1 = 3730 in3 = V2�� ∙ ����� �1
(53.342) (605 R)(12 )
�1 �2�� ∙ ���
=
�2 = 0.45232 ���1 �2
(32 ���� + 14.692 ����)(605 R)
�2 =
8. A spherical balloon is 40 ft in diameter and surrounded by air at 60 F and 29.92in Hg abs. (a) If the balloon is
filled with hydrogen at a temperature�3 = �of
1 −70 = and
�2F 0.50386 �� − 0.45232
atmospheric ��540what
pressure, R total load can it lift? (b) If it
contains helium instead of hydrogen, �3 = 0.05154 ���2 = 52.6148
other conditions ���� −
remaining 14.692
the same,���� = 37.63
what ����it lift? (c) Helium is
load can
nearly twice as heavy as hydrogen. Does it have half the lifting force? R for hydrogen is 766.54 and for helium is
386.04 ft.lb/lb. R.
Ans. (a) 2381 lb; (b) 2209 lb

Given: Required:
d = 40 ft Thydrogen = 70 F + 460 = 530 R a. m = ?
T = 60 F + 460 = 520 R �� ∙ �� b. m = ?
�hydrogen = 766.54 �� ∙�
�� ∙ ��
P = 29.92 in Hg abs �helium = 386.04 �� ∙� c.

Solution:
4 ����� = ���� − �ℎ������� = 2557.4201 �� − 174.6014 ��
� = �(20��)3 = 33510.32 �� 3 ����� = 2382.8187 ��
3
�� = ��� 14.692 ����144��2 a.
(29.92 in Hg × )(33510.32 �� 3 )()
��
���� = = 29.92 in Hg��2 b. �� = ���
�� �� ∙ �� 144��2
(53.342)(520 R) (14.692 ����)(33510.32 �� 3 )( )
��
���� = 2557.4201 �� �� ∙�
�ℎ����� = �� = ��2
�� ∙ ��)(530 R)
(386.04 �� ∙�

a. �� = ��� �ℎ����� = 346.6971 ��

144��2 ����� = ���� − �ℎ����� = 2557.4201 �� − 346.6971 ��
�� (14.692 ����)(33510.32 �� 3 )()
�ℎ������� = = ��2 ����� = 2210.723 ��
�� �� ∙ ��)(530 R)
(766.54 �� ∙�
c. No
�ℎ������� = 174.6014 ��
11. For a certain gas, R = 0.277 kJ/kg.K and k = 1.384. (a) What are the value of cp and cv? (b) What mass of this
9. A reservoir
gas contains
would occupy 2.83 cu of
a volume m 0.425
of carbon
cu mmonoxide
at 517.11atkPa
6895
andkPa and
26.7 23.6
C? (c)C. An evacuated
If 31.65 tank is filled
kJ are transferred from
to this gasthe
reservoir to avolume
at constant pressure of 3497
in (b), whatkPa
areand
the aresulting
temperature of 12.4 C,
temperature andwhile the pressure in the reservoir decreases
pressure?
to 6205
Ans. (a)kPa and and
0.7214 the temperature to 18.3 C. kg;(c)
0.994 kJ/kg.R;(b)2.647 What is the volume
43.27 of the
C, 545.75 kPatank? R for CO is 296.92 J/kg.K.
Ans. 0.451 m

Given: Required:
Given:
�� � = 0.425 � 3 a. cp = ?, cv = ?
Required:
� = V0.277
co = 2.83
��∙� m3 � Vtank = ?
k = 1.384 �co =kPa
P = 517.11 296.92 �� ∙� b. m = ?
Qv =P131.65 kJ kPa
= 6895 T = 26.7
P2C + 273kPa
= 3497 = 299.7 K c. T2 =
Ptank = 6205
?, P2 = ?
kPa
T1 = 23.6 C + 273 = 296.6 K T2 = 12.4 C + 273 = 285.4 K Ttank = 18.3 C +273 = 291.3 K
Solution:
Solution: ��
�� (1.384)( 0.277
�� = ��� )
a. �� = = kPa)(2.83m3 )� ����� = 203.024 ��
��∙�
�−1 (6895 1.384 − 1 1 ��� c. �� = ��� (�2 − �1 )
�1 ==�� ���= �1 − ����� = 221.5696 �� − 203.024 ��
�� = 0.998 �� ∙ �� �1 �2 =+
� =�118.5451 ��
�� ∙�
(0.29692) (296.6 K) ���
�� ∙ � 31.65 �� + 299.7 K
�� �� = ���
�1 = 221.5696 ( ��
0.277 � 2 = ��
)(6205 kPa)(2.83m3 )����� ��� �∙�
(2.647 ��) (0.7214 )
��� ∙==� ���2 (18.5451 ��) (296.92
����� � 2 = 316.28
����� == � �� ∙ � �� ∙ � ) (285.4 K)
�� == �� ∙ �� �����
� − 11.384 −1 (3497 kPa)�2
��
(0.29692) (291.3 K) �2 = 0.449 �3
��1����
�� ∙ � =
�� = 0.7214
b. �� = ��� �� ∙ � �1 �2
10. A gas (517.11 kPa)(0.425
initially at 15 psia�and
3 )��2 cu ft undergoes a process to �190�2 (517.11
psia andkPa)(316.28 �)
0.60 cu ft, during which the enthalpy
==
�increases by 15.5 Btu; cv = 2.44Btu/lb. R. Determine (a) �ΔU, 2 == (b) cp, and (c) R.
���� Btu; (b) 3.42 Btu/lb.R; (c) 762.4ft.lb/lbR
Ans. (a) 11.06 �1299.7 K
(0.277) (299.7 K) �2 = 545.72 ���
�� ∙ �
Given:
� = 2.647 �� Required:
P1 = 15 psia P2 = 90 psia ΔH = 15.5 BTU a. ΔU = ?
V1 = 2 ft3 V2 = 0.60 ft3 ��� b. Cp = ?
�� = 2.44 �� ∙ °� c. R

Solution:
144 ��2 ��� �� = ��� (�2 − �1 )
∆�� = {(90psia×0.60 ft 3) − (15psia×2 ft3) }×
��
778 �� 3 ∙ ��
∆�� = 4.0720 ��� �� =
�(�2 − �1 )
15.5 BTU
a. ΔH = 15.5 Btu = Qp
�� =
�� = ∆� + ∆��
4.53 �� ∙ °�
∆� = �� − ∆��
���
∆� = 15.5 ��� − 4.0720 ���
�� = 3.42
∆� = 11.06 ���
∙�
c. �� = ���� + °�
� = �� − ��
b. ∆U = 11.06 BTU = Qv ������
�� = ��� (�2 − �1 ) � = 3.42− 2.44
��11.06 ��� �� ∙ °��� ∙ °�
�(�2 − �1 ) == ����� ∙ ��
�� 2.44 ��� � = 0.98× 778
�� ∙ °� �� ∙ °����
�(�2 − �1 ) = 4.53 �� ∙ °� �� ∙ ��
� = 762.44
� ∙ °�