Problema 43.

-Resolver :

(8𝑦 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0……………….(1)

Desarrollo

1) Comprobamos que es una Ecuación Diferencial Homogénea (EDO):

𝑓(𝑥 , 𝑦 ) =  𝑛 [ 𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦)]

(8𝑦 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 =  𝑛 [(8𝑦 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 ]

(8𝑦 + 10)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 =  𝑛 [ (8𝑦 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 ]

 [ (8𝑦 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 ] =  𝑛 [ (8𝑦 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑦 ]

→ Por lo tanto es una EDO homogénea de grado UNO.

2) Hacemos:
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 ……………….…(2)
𝑦
𝑢=𝑥 ……………….…(3)

3) Derivando la expresión tenemos:

𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥. 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢. 𝑑𝑥 ….………(4)

4) Reemplazando (2) y (4) en la ecuación (1) tenemos:

(8𝑢𝑥 + 10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑦 + 7𝑥)(𝑥𝑑𝑢 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑥) = 0

(8𝑢𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (10𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑢𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑢 + (7𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑢 + (5𝑥𝑢2 )𝑑𝑥 + (7𝑢𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0

𝑥(5𝑢2 + 15𝑢 + 10)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(5𝑢𝑥 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑢 = 0

(5𝑢2 + 15𝑢 + 10)𝑑𝑥 + (5𝑢𝑥 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑢 = 0

(5𝑢2 + 15𝑢 + 10)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(5𝑢 + 7)𝑑𝑢 = 0

(5𝑢2 + 15𝑢 + 10)𝑑𝑥 = −𝑥(5𝑢 + 7)𝑑𝑢

−1 5𝑢 + 7
( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 5𝑢 + 15𝑢 + 10
5) Integrando y despejando “x”, tenemos:

−1 5𝑢 + 7
∫( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 5𝑢 + 15𝑢 + 10

1 5𝑢 + 7
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (5𝑢 + 5)(𝑢 + 2)

1 (5𝑢 + 5) + 2
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (5𝑢 + 5)(𝑢 + 2)
1 (5𝑢 + 5) 2
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (5𝑢 + 5)(𝑢 + 2) (5𝑢 + 5)(𝑢 + 2)
1 1 2
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ [ 2 ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (𝑢 + 2) 5𝑢 + 15𝑢 + 10
1 1 2 1
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ [ 2 ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (𝑢 + 2) 5 𝑢 + 3𝑢 + 2

1 1 2 1
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (𝑢 + 2) 5 2 9 9
𝑢 + 3𝑢 + 4 − 4 + 2

1 1 2 1
−1 ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑢
𝑥 (𝑢 + 2) 5 3 1
(𝑢 + 2)2 − (2)2
2 𝑢+1
−1 𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐 = 𝑙𝑛(𝑢 + 2) + 𝑙𝑛( )
5 𝑢+2
2
−1
𝑢+1 5
𝑙𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑙𝑛(𝑐) = 𝑙𝑛(𝑢 + 2) + 𝑙𝑛 [ ]
𝑢+2
2
(𝑢 + 2)(𝑢 + 1)5
𝑙𝑛[(𝑥)−1 . 𝑐] = 𝑙𝑛 [ 2 ]
(𝑢 + 2)5

2 3
−1
(𝑥) . 𝑐 = (𝑢 + 1) . (𝑢 + 2)
5 5 …………(5)
6) Reemplazando (3) en (5), tenemos:

𝑐 𝑦 2 𝑦 3
= ( + 1)5 ( + 2)5
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑥 3
=( )5 ( )5
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
2 3
𝑐 (𝑦 + 𝑥 )5 (𝑦 + 2𝑥)5
= 2 . 3
𝑥
(𝑥) 5 (𝑥)5
2 3
𝑐 (𝑦 + 𝑥 )5 . (𝑦 + 𝑥 )5
=
𝑥 𝑥
2 3
𝑐 = (𝑦 + 𝑥 )5 . (𝑦 + 𝑥 )5

5 5 5
√𝑐 = √(𝑦 + 𝑥)2 . √(𝑦 + 2𝑥)3

𝒄 = (𝒚 + 𝒙 )𝟐 . (𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 )𝟑

Respuesta:
(𝒚 + 𝒙 )𝟐 . (𝒚 + 𝟐𝒙 )𝟑 = 𝒄