PREFACE

By saying prayer and praise of Allah SWT, the author tries to

submit a thesis proposal entitled “ANALYSIS OF HYDROLOGY

KALIGUNG RIVER IN TEGAL”

This short proposal is expected to provide an overview of the

background of the problem, the purpose and purpose of writing and

the results of scientific papers to be performed by the author.

The authors say thank to all those who have helped and the

author expects the input of all parties to be better.

Cirebon, September 2017

Author

(Disty Prasanty)
 CONTENTS

PREFACE .................................................................................................. 1

CONTENTS ............................................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................. 4

1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................ 4

1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM ........................................... 5

1.3 INTENT AND PURPOSE OF RESEARCH ................................... 6

1.3.1 Research Purposes ................................................................ 6

1.3.2 Benefits Of Research ............................................................. 6

1.4 STUDY AREAS LOCATION ......................................................... 6

1.5 USE OF RESEARCH.................................................................... 8

1.6 FRAMEWORK .............................................................................. 9

1.7 WRITING SYSTEM..................................................................... 10

2.1 GENERAL REVIEW.................................................................... 11

2.2 WATERSHED ............................................................................. 11

2.3 RIVER ......................................................................................... 13

2.3.1 River functions...................................................................... 14

2.3.2 River Protection .................................................................... 15

2.3.3 Mastery of the River ............................................................. 16

2.3.4 River Management ............................................................... 17

 2.4 FLOOD ....................................................................................... 19

2.5 THE CAUSE OF FLOODING ...................................................... 20

2.5.1 The Cause of Natural Floods ............................................... 20

2.5.2 Causes of Flood Due to Human Activity ............................... 23

2.6 FLOOD DISCHARGE PLAN ....................................................... 25

2.6.1 Application of Flood Control Patterns on River ..................... 26

2.6.2 Preparation Before Flood ..................................................... 26

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ........................................... 28

3.1 RESEARCH SITES..................................................................... 28

3.1.1 Geographical Location ......................................................... 28

3.2 NECESSARY DATA ................................................................... 28

3.3 TYPES OF DATA SOURCE .................................................... 29

3.4 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS METHOD .................................... 30

3.4.1 Rain Data ............................................................................. 30

3.4.2 Surface Flow Coefficient ...................................................... 31

3.4.3 Design Rain Analysis ........................................................... 32

3.4.4 Flood Debit Analysis Rational Method.................................. 34

 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

Rivers drain water by embracing a gravitational philosophy,

in which water always flows from high to low or downstream to

downstream. The process of river water flow is an endless natural

process, closing the hydrological cycle by restoring the river run off

to the sea. For centuries, rivers have been used as a source of

clean water, meeting human needs for drinking water, sanitation,

irrigation, and so on. Large rivers are dammed to store water in

the wet season and use it in the dry season for various purposes.

In addition to providing benefits for humans, rivers can also

lead to disaster sources. The most frequent disaster caused by

overflowing river water is flooding disaster. Flooding is a condition

where no water in the channel (river) or inhibition of water flow in

the channel or river floods, flooding the surrounding area. When

the rainy season arrives, the water will inundate the rice fields and

settlements either through existing drainage channels or overflow

from the river channel that can no longer accommodate the

existing discharge.

Kali Gung or Kaligung or also known as Kaligung river is a

river that flows in Tegal regency, Central Java. This river is one of
 the largest rivers in Tegal besides Kali Ketiwon and Kali Kemiri.

This river is called Kali Gung because it is tangent to the spring

that comes from Mount Agung is an ancient name from Mount

Slamet in pre-Islamic times in Java. Upstream or spring water

Kaligung located in the north of Mount Slamet and empties to the

north precisely in the sea of Java.

Gung River is located in Gung river basin (DAS) area of

171,78 km2 which includes Tegal regency and Tegal city with main

river length about 55,58 km.

River management, in general, is a technical,

administrative, legal, regulatory and management matters

concerning river facilities and buildings, Forest observations,

maintenance and repair of doors and drainage facilities, flood

forecasting, flood warning and countermeasures and others -other.

To be able to realize it requires supporting facilities and

infrastructure optimally include analyzing River Gung Hydrology.

1.2 FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

The problems and conditions need to be the implementation

of the review of countermeasures and improvements as follows:

1. Is the potential for water and debits sufficient?

2. How much flood discharge the gung river plan?

1.3 INTENT AND PURPOSE OF RESEARCH

The following purposes of the study of River Gung Hydrology

Analysis are:

1. Analyzing the discharge to be utilized the potential of water

availability optimally, to serve the Irrigation area.

2. Analyzing flood prevention on the river

1.3.1 Research Purposes

Purpose of Gung River Hydrology Analysis:

1. Analysis of water potential

2. Analysis of water availability

1.3.2 Benefits Of Research

The benefits of this research are:

1. Tegal community that utilizes the river as a source of water for

rice fields, fisheries, raw water, and others. As one of

information material to minimize the damage of river due to

erosion, landslide, sediment and another disaster.

2. The government of Tegal, as one of the information materials

and report to the relevant agencies.

1.4 STUDY AREAS LOCATION

The study location that will be discussed in this final project

report is gung river. Overall DAS gung area of 171,78 km 2 is

located in Tegal.
Figure 1.1 DAS Maps of Rivers Gung
1.5 USE OF RESEARCH

1. Theoretical Uses

It is expected to be a useful input of academic studies,

especially in studying hydrological analysis on gung river

2. Practical Usefulness

To provide inputs to local governments or related agencies

faced with technological developments in the field of

construction and non-construction.

1.6 FRAMEWORK

START

DATA COLLECTION

PRIMARY DATA SECONDARY

-Image Capture and
DATA
Documentation
- Rainfall data
-Field survey
- DAS scheme
- Flooding

DATA ANALYSIS

CHECK

RESULT OF DATA ANALYSIS

Rainfall Analysis Flow Debit DAS scheme

Results Analysis Results

CHECK

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

FINISH

Figure 1.2 Framework

1.7 WRITING SYSTEM

Writing this thesis, compiled with systematics as follows:

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

Describes Background, Problem Formulation, Research

Objectives, Usability Research, Framework for Thought and

Writing Systematics

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

Contains the results of research from previous studies and that

has to do with research that will be done.

CHAPTER III THE THEORY OF THEORY

In this chapter will also be presented theories about the river as a

reference As well as explanations of the theories relevant to the

material under study.

CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION

In this fourth chapter will be discussed in the description of work

steps to be used in research, which consists of data collection

methods and data analysis methods. In this chapter will also be

presented picture location research.

CHAPTER V CONCLUDE AND SUGGESTIONS

Pours conclusions on the results of the analysis and discussion as

well as follow-up advice and/or recommendations.

 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 GENERAL REVIEW

The analysis is summarizing a large amount of data that is

still raw data into information that can be interpreted.

Categorization or separation of the relevant components or

sections of a data set is also a form of analysis to make the data

easy to manage. All forms of analysis attempt to describe patterns

consistently in the data so that the results can be learned and

translated in a brief and meaningful way.

Understanding and Definition of Hydrology is a science that

studies the movement, distribution, and quality of water on earth.

The word Hydrology comes from Greek: Yδρoλoγια, Yδωρ +

Λoγos, Hydrologia which means "water science". Hydrology also

studies the water cycle or hydrological cycle and water resources

devoted to human well-being

2.2 WATERSHED

Watersheds are a land area which is a unity with rivers and

tributaries, which functions to accommodate, store, and drain

water from rainfall to the lake or to the sea naturally, whose

boundaries on land are topographical and boundary separators in

the sea up to the waters area that is still affected by the mainland

activities.

Therefore, along with population growth and various

economic activities, water resources become important because

its availability fluctuates. In the rainy season, there are floods while

in the dry season there is drought. Competition in the utilization of

water resources especially in the dry season needs to be

controlled so as not to become a potential conflict among the

stakeholders. Similarly, the need for watershed management in

terms of flood control and sources of pollution into the marine

environment. For that reason, the Indonesian government has

given birth to Law no. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources enacted on

March 18, 2004. According to this law, water resources are the

water, water resources, and water resources contained therein.

Furthermore, water resources management is an effort to plan,

implement, monitor, and evaluate the implementation of

conservation of water resources, utilization of water resources,

and control of water damages. So with the enactment of the Act,

the moral and material losses can be minimized in this case,

especially in the Gung River Basin.

The grouping of the watershed is based on the composition

of its tributaries
 a. Feather shape: It is a normal type and flow of regular streams,

flood characteristics are benign but have a long duration.

b. Radial shape: The creeks are centered at a single point,

causing a large peak discharge at the time of flooding.

c. Parallel Shape: Composed of streams of parallel rivers.

d. Combined form: It is usually difficult to characterize a watershed

appropriately into one of the above forms so that in actual

watersheds it is often a combined form.

2.3 RIVER

The river is a large and long flow of water that flows

continuously from upstream (source) to downstream (estuary).

Water in rivers is generally collected from precipitation, such as

rain, dew, springs, underground runoff, and in certain countries

also comes from melt ice / snow. In addition to water, rivers also

drain sediment and pollutants.

River safeguards are all efforts and measures to protect,

secure and preserve the functions of rivers and the environment

including irrigation buildings and other public buildings surrounding

them, against all forms of disturbance and destruction caused by

the mining activities of class excavations in rivers. River Security

Building is a building that serves to secure the river in the

framework of mining class C excavation in the river such as river

 basin controllers, sediment retaining buildings, cliffs and current

weigh balances.

2.3.1 River functions

The river is a source of water that is one of the most versatile

natural resources for human life and livelihood.

In this case, the Gung River Basin and other parent ducts in

the Gung River Basin have potentials in the surrounding areas

which need to be mitigated and prevent floods and puddles.

According to Article 51 paragraph 1 of UU RI no 7 of 2004 on

Water Resources. Damaged water damage control is carried out

thoroughly covering prevention, mitigation, and recovery

According to Article 22 paragraph 2 of UU RI no 7 of 2004 on

Water Resources. Preservation of water is shown to maintain the

presence and availability of water or water quality, appropriate

function, and benefits.

Article 22 paragraph 2 no 7 UU RI years 2004. About My

Source Water

Water preservation as referred to in paragraph (1) shall be

done by:

a. Overwrite excessive water during the rain to be utilized when

needed.

b. Saving water with efficient and effective usage.

c. Controlling groundwater use.

2.3.2 River Protection

River protection is a safeguard against the damages caused

by human actions and natural events.

According to Article 21 paragraph 1 of UU RI no 7 of 2004 on

Water Resources. The protection and preservation of water

resources are shown to protect and conserve water sources and

their environment against damage or disturbance caused by

natural resources, including drought and caused by human acts.

Article 21 paragraph 1 of UU RI no 7 of 2004 on Water

Resources. The protection and conservation of water resources as

meant in paragraph (1) shall be done through:

a. Maintenance of continuity of water catchment function and

catchment area.

b. Control of water source utilization.

c. Water dissipation at a water source.

d. Regulation of sanitation facilities and infrastructure.

e. Protection of water resources in relation to the activities of

development and utilization of land in water sources.

f. Control of land management in upstream areas.

g. Setting border area of a water source.

h. Forest and land rehabilitation.

i. Preservation of protected forest areas of nature reserves, and

nature conservation areas.

2.3.3 Mastery of the River

The river is controlled by the state whose implementation is

carried out by the government in accordance with:

Article 1 point 18 of UU RI no 7 of 2004 Chapter 1 general

provisions on Water Resources. The regional government is the

regional head and the other autonomous regions as regional

executive bodies.

Article 1 point 17 of UU RI no 7 of 2004 Chapter 1 general

provisions on Water Resources. The Central Government

hereinafter called the Government, is the instrument of the Unitary

State of the Republic of Indonesia consisting of the President and

the Ministers.

Article 1 point 17 of UURI no 7 of 2004 on Water Resources.

Water resources are controlled by the state and used as much as

possible for the welfare of the people.

According to article 1 point 7, PP No. 35 of 2004 on rivers,

the boundary line of the river is the outer line of the river benefit

area that serves to secure the river.

Implementation of authority and responsibility of the control

of the river is done by Minister (PU). In the framework of the

exercise of such powers and responsibilities the minister

stipulates:

 Border line of the river.

  Setting the area between two river border lines.

 Land management in the area of river benefits.

 Management and utilization of land in the river area.

 Regulation of the utilization of former river land.

2.3.4 River Management

River management is generally divided into two parts, the

first is the administration and the second is the technical problem.

Included in the first section are administrative, legal,

regulatory and management concerning river facilities and

buildings, daily observations, maintenance and repair facilities,

sluice operations, flood forecasting, warning and prevention of

floods (warning and flood fighting) and others.

Management is a very simple and ordinary work, but it is very

important because rivers always change their circumstances,

either naturally or because they are affected by human activities

and if we are not careful it will cause a great disaster.

In the river administration shall include and consider the

following:

1. Authority and administrative area.

2. Control or regulatory action and licensing system for the

following:

a. River water use.

b. Land ownership.
 c. Acquisition of soil, bricks, and others.

d. Building construction.

e. Soil excavation.

f. Disposal of water into rivers (especially springs) and so on.

As for also must be prepared a system of registration of

facilities, buildings, and others. In an agreed way, also with strict

investigations or inspections conducted in the wake of the guard,

people often throw garbage into rivers that not only degrade the

water quality but also disrupt the flow of water during flood times,

reducing the flow area, by hence sometimes causing a great flood.

The excavation of soil or the removal of soil and rock from

the river affects the maintenance of river flows, irregular

settlements or illegal construction also have adverse effects on

river maintenance during flood time.

Therefore, the necessary maintenance and rehabilitation

necessary to prevent waste, in cases of regular and periodic

research are required, so that optimization in maintenance and

rehabilitation will affect the minimum damage caused by flooding.

Flood warning and forecasting are also needed, wherein

there is a guard operation and is divided into several applications:

a. Information gathering and forwarding.

b. Management of reservoirs, weirs, and sluices.

c. Dyke protection operation.

 d. Displacement and reclamation.

So that with the forecast and flood warning we become

enough time to make preparations to minimize the impact caused

by the flood.

2.4 FLOOD

Floods are usually regarded as rising river water levels that

exceed their normal state or in the general sense of the overflow

of water beyond the normal channel capacity limit. Floods are also

defined as large streams of water, flowing water that floods and

overflows the normally dry plains.

All floods are related to surface run off. In some drainage

areas where water can seep into the ground with infiltration

capacity that is never passed, is rarely the subject of flooding. If

more and more rains have passed through their soil infiltration

capacity and interception capacity, the greater the flow through the

soil surface, the more water that reaches the channel and the

greater the flow within the channel to the river.

The hydraulic analysis aims to find out the capacity of the

flow and profile of river water flood with a certain re-time. In

detailed planning, the hydraulic analysis is used to determine the

flood water level that occurs along the river under review. Using

the flood hydrograph obtained from hydrological analysis, the

 changes occurring along the river under review can be identified,

with the principle of flood routing.

2.5 THE CAUSE OF FLOODING

Based on observations, that flooding is caused by two

categories of natural flood and flood due to human activities.

Natural floods are affected by rainfall, physiography, erosion and

sedimentation, river capacity, drainage capacity and tidal

influences. While floods due to human activities caused by human

activities that cause environmental changes such as: changes in

watershed conditions, residential areas around the banks, damage

to drainage of land, damage to flood control buildings, destruction

of forests (natural vegetation), and planning improper flood control

system.

2.5.1 The Cause of Natural Floods

a. Rainfall

Because of the tropical climate, Indonesia has two seasons

throughout the year, the rainy season generally occurs between

the months of October to March and the dry season occurs

between April to September. In the rainy season, high rainfall

results in flooding in the river and when it exceeds the river bank

there will be floods or puddles. However, during the current

season rainfall is unpredictable due to global warming, which

results in changes in the weather.

b. Influence of Physiography

Physiographic or physical geography of the river such as the

shape, function, and slope of the watershed, river slope, hydraulic

geometric (cross-sectional shape such as width, depth, elongated

piece, river bed material), river location and others are things

affect the occurrence of floods.

c. Erosion and Sedimentation

The critical land is land that has been damaged so that it

loses or decreases its function (production function and water

regulator). The decrease of the function is caused by the use of

land that is lacking or does not pay attention to the soil

conservation techniques that cause erosion, landslides and affect

the fertility of the soil, water, and environment.

In the sense of erosion can be interpreted as the erosion or

erosion of the soil layer (transporting material / landslide) caused

by several factors which are then carried by the flow of water into

the creek and settle in the downstream places downstream.

But there are two effects of erosion on the watershed:

1) Good influence: minimize the slope of the river flow, the

deposits on the edge will form a new profile.

 2) Bad influence: the presence of sedimentation in the river

mouth and in places of water buildings such as reservoirs.

The amount of erosion that occurs can give an idea of the

level of erosion that occurs in a watershed, whether the condition

of erosion level is already dangerous or not. Erosion occurring in

Indonesia is generally very high, with the level of influence besides

lowering the production rate of food crops also increased

sedimentation in the rivers.

d. River Capacity

Reduced flood-flow capacity in rivers can be caused by

deposition resulting from watershed erosion and excessive river

bank erosion. River sedimentation occurs due to the absence of

cover vegetation and improper land use, this sedimentation leads

to aggression and silting of the river, which can lead to reduced

river catchment capacity. The immediate effect of this

phenomenon causes the overflow of water from the outflow of the

river and causes flooding.

e. Inadequate Drainage Capacity

Most of the cities in Indonesia have inadequate drainage

areas, so these cities often become flood subscriptions in the rainy

season.
 f. Effect of Tide Air

The tide of the sea slows the flow of the river into the sea. At

the time of flooding along with high tide, the high puddle or

flooding becomes large due to backflow (backwater). Tidal water

phenomenon (Rob) is also vulnerable in coastal areas throughout

the year both in the rainy season and in the dry season.

2.5.2 Causes of Flood Due to Human Activity

a. Change of Watershed Condition

Changes in watershed conditions such as deforestation,

improper farming, urban expansion, and other changes in the way

could exacerbate flooding problems due to increased flooding.

From the existing equations, changes in land use contribute

greatly to the increase in the quantity and quality of floods.

b. Slums and Garbage Areas

Slum housing along the riverbanks can be a flow inhibitor.

The problem of slum areas is an important factor in the occurrence

of floods in urban areas. The community's discipline to dispose of

garbage at the specified place is still poor and breaking a lot by

throwing garbage directly into the river channel, which is common

in big cities. So that it can raise the water level caused by the flow

of water is blocked.
c. Land Drainage

Urban drainage and agricultural development on the

floodplain area will reduce the ability of banks to accommodate

high water discharge.

d. Damage Flood Controller Building

Inadequate maintenance of flood control structures causing

damage and ultimately not functioning can increase the quantity of

floods.

e. Flood Control System Planning Is Not Appropriate

Some flood control systems can indeed reduce the damage

caused by small to medium floods, but may increase damage

during floods - large floods of high embankment buildings. Run off

on the embankment when a flood exceeds the planned flood can

cause the collapse of the embankment. This resulted in a very

large flow velocity through a collapsed embankment causing large

flooding.

f. Forest Destruction (Loss Of Natural Vegetation)

Illegal logging, farming and forest reforestation for business

and so on become one of the sources of the disruption of the

hydrological cycle and the occurrence of floods.

2.6 FLOOD DISCHARGE PLAN

To determine the flood discharge of a plan expressed in the

magnitude of the planned/controlled flooding period, ie the

maximum discharge analyzed during the 10-year return period. To

determine the magnitude of a repeated period at the flood control

level is generally based on the river conditions that exist in the

economic analysis and by taking into account the social and

cultural level of the community (non-technical) in the region. To

determine the magnitude of the repeat period is usually

determined by the parties concerned without going through

economic analysis and only see the weight of the problem

quantitatively, ie social factors, cultural and political factors must

be considered to be considered. Regardless of the magnitude of

the re-period, the planners are still required for a more optimal

plan and may be disaggregated primarily in terms of technical and

cost.

The flood control pattern needs to be adjusted to the level of

flood control through the short, medium and long term

implementation phases in the process of implementation.

Implementation stage is done through gradual control, for example

by using return period (T) for 20 years.

2.6.1 Application of Flood Control Patterns on River

The basis for determining the pattern of flood control in the

river, is as follows:

a. Flood Discharge

b. The condition of the river channel and its drainage area

c. The hydrolysis parameter of the river channel

d. The magnitude of losses caused by the flood

To establish the most optimal flood control pattern in general

is a combination of the various types of physical measures that are

feasible and suitable to be applied to the relevant river, we need

an analysis either technically or economically using the basis of

the flood control pattern.

The basic determination of flood control needs to be done

with several alternatives that are through economic analysis, profit

(benefit/profit) that will be obtained from the amount of loss

reduction with the existence of such control system, for cost factor

(cost) is the cost of development plus exploitation and

maintenance costs each pattern is reviewed.

2.6.2 Preparation Before Flood

Preparation before flooding in principle is alertness in the

face of flood events, namely by conducting checks as follows:

 Are all communication tools functioning properly.

 Are water gates, floodplain buildings, and drainage channels

functioning and in good condition?

 The location of critical embankments needs to be inventoried

and observe more closely.

 Materials that need to be prepared for sandbags and bronjong

wires should be provided in areas considered critical (flood-

prone areas).

 All parties involved in flood hazard control must be on alert.

 Flood picket officers at each command post (post) of flood alert

must understand and master the guidance of flood operation

(flood protection procedure).

 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 RESEARCH SITES

Gung River is one of the rivers that are in the flow area that

stretches from Danawarih (upstream) to Pasayangan

(downstream). Administratively located in Tegal Regency, Central

Java Province.

3.1.1 Geographical Location

Geographically, Tegal regency is located in the northwest

part of Central Java Province. With the following limits:

 North side = Java Sea and Tegal City

 South side = Brebes and Banyumas districts

 East = Pemalang District and Purbalingga Regency

 West side = Brebes and Tegal districts

3.2 NECESSARY DATA

1. Rainfall Data

Rainfall data through the rain-engraving station in the field.

For Gung River rainfall station, based on topography map of

telemetry and hydrology station which can be from BBWS Pemali -

Comal there are 3 stations Observation, that is:

 1) Danawarih Rainfall Station

2) Pasayangan Rainfall Station

3) Kemaron Rainfall Station

2. Debit Data

Debit Data in question is the discharge data released by

Gung River.

3. DAS Map

Map of Gung River Basin to know the Gung River Area to be

used in the calculation of the mean rainfall area by Thiessen

polygon method.

3.3 TYPES OF DATA SOURCE

Types of data seen from the data source according to

Sugiyono (2004:156) divided into two, namely primary data and

secondary data.

Source of data obtained to be processed and analyzed in this

research is a document relevant to the research problem

1. Primary data

Primary data is data obtained directly from the first party

informants that are subjective or personal data and the results

of observation.

The primary data sources in this study were obtained from

the following sources:

 a. Ministry of Public Works Directorate General of Water

Resources BBWS Unit Pemali - Comal Tegal district.

b. The parties concerned.

2. Secondary Data

Secondary Data is data obtained not directly informant, but

information from others from the reports.

3.4 HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS METHOD

The hydrological analysis is as follows:

3.4.1 Rain Data

Analysis of rainfall data is intended to obtain the amount of

rainfall. The need to calculate the area's rainfall is for the

preparation of a water use design and flood control design. The

method used in the calculation of the average rainfall in the

watershed area is the Thiessen polygon method. In the calculation

of this final project the rain station in the area which is unevenly

reviewed and the number of rain stations used are three rain

stations, so the method used is Thiessen method.

 Thiessen Polygon

This method is obtained by creating a polygon that cuts

perpendicular to the middle of the connecting line of two rain

stations. Thus each R score station will lie in a closed polygon

region A. By calculating the ratio of n n of polygon area for each

 station of magnitude = An / A where A = basin area or storage

area and if this magnitude is propagated by Rnt rainfall price then

it can be R x (A + A) it states balanced rainfall. The average

rainfall is obtained by summing up this balanced rainfall for all the

area located within the boundary of the holding area. If there are n

stations within the surrounding shelter and m that affect the shelter

area then the average rainfall (R ave) is

Figure 1.3 Poligon Thiessen

3.4.2 Surface Flow Coefficient

The coefficient of surface flow is one of the indicators to

determine the physical condition of a watershed (Asdak 1995, and

Suripin, 2000). The value of this coefficient influenced by land use

conditions (Suripin, 2000), and ranged from 0-1 (Mitra Simpang

Tilu, 2001). Kartasapoetra et al (1991) suggested that the role of

vegetation in holding water is greater because the flow is smaller.

 This shows that the rate of flow coefficient can also be an indicator

of physical disturbance in a watershed. The greater the C value

indicates that the more rainwater that becomes the flow of the

surface. US. Forest Service (1980 in Asdak, 1995) provides a

coefficient of runoff with land use approach factors outlined in

Table.

3.4.3 Design Rain Analysis

a. Rainfall Design

The design rainfall is obtained by using the Thiessen Method as

described above.

b. Frequency Analysis

The method of calculating a common approach used to obtain the

relationship between rainfall intensity, frequency, and rainfall time

is.

No. Type of Catchment Area C

1 Grassy Field

a. Sandy soil 0,10-0,15

b. Heavy ground 0,25- 0,35

2 Business Area in the village 0,50- 0,70

3 Settlement Area 0,30- 0,50

4 The garden, the cemetery 0,10- 0,25

5 Playgrounds 0,20- 0,40

6 The area is not awakened 0,10- 0,30

 7 Jalan

a. Jalan aspal 0,70- 0,95

b. Jalan beton 0,80- 0,95

c. Jalan bata 0,70- 0,85

d. Jalan kerikil/paving 0,15- 0,35

e. Tidak diperkeras 0,10- 0,30

8 Atap Genteng 0,75- 0,95

No. Tipe Daerah Tangkapan C

9 Daerah berhutan baik 0,01- 0,10

10 Tanah Lapang

a. Berpasir, datar 2% 0,05- 0,10

b. Berpasir, agak datar 2-7% 0,10- 0,15

c. Berpasir, miring 7% 0,15- 0,20

d. Tanah berat, datar 2% 0,13- 0,17

e. Tanah berat, agak datar 2-7% 0,18- 0,22

f. Tanah berat, miring 7% 0,25- 0,35

11 Tanah Pertanian

a. Tanah kosong

- Rata 0,30- 0,60

- Kasar 0,20- 0,50

b. Ladang garapan

- Tanah berat tanpa vegetasi 0,30 - 0,60

 - Tanah berat denganvegetasi 0,20 - 0,50

- Berpasir tanpa vegetasi 0,20- 0,25

- Berpasir dengan vegetasi 0,10 - 0,25

c. Padang rumput

- Tanah berat 0,15- 0,45

- Berpasir 0,05- 0,25

No. Tipe Daerah Tangkapan C

d. Hutan/bervegetasi 0,05- 0,25

14 Tanah Kosong

a. Rata, kedap air 0,70- 0,90

b. Kasar 0,50- 0,70

b. Multi unit terpisah 0,40- 0,60

c. Multi unit tergabung 0,60- 0,75

d. Sub urban 0,25- 0,40

Table 3.1.

Types of Land Cover according to US Forest Service (1980)

Data Source: Asdak, 1995 with adjustment of scope of work.

3.4.4 Flood Debit Analysis Rational Method

This rational equation uses data parameters in the form of

annual average annual rainfall averaged (Rm) and rainy day of a

storm (M) greater than 10 mm per day. The time required by runoff

to pass the furthest distance in the rainfed area is at a point

upstream to the most recent review point This condition is

calculated using the Kirpich and Giandotti formulas.

 REFERENCES

 https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai

 http://pengertian-definisi.blogspot.co.id/2011/09/debit-aliran-

sungai.html

 Windra Imawan, 2014. Thesis Report. ANALISIS HIDROLOGI

BANJIR SUNGAI JAMBLANG KABUPATEN CIREBON.

University of Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon.

 Eki Danet Pranata Putra, 2016. Thesis Report. ANALISIS

HIDROLOGI BENDUNGAN CIPANAS KABUPATEN

SUMEDANG. University of Swadaya Gunung Jati, Cirebon.