EARTH SCIENCE

FINAL EXAM (SY 2019-2020)

NAME:__________________________GR&SEC_________________DATE:______
___

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the correct answer and write the letter on
the space provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES.
___1. The layer that separated crust from core is the?
a. Magma layer c. mantle
b. Lithosphere d. continent

___2. The greatest threat to our environment is _________?

a. Volcanoes c. earthquakes
b. Humans d. bacteria

___3. The stress force that pushes the crust where two plates are moving
apart is called:
a. Tension c. compression
b. Shearing d. tearing

___4. The stress force that pushes the crust where two plates are moving
together is called:
a. Tension c. compression
b. Shearing d. tearing

___5. A fault caused by rocks moving away from each other:

a. Strike slip fault c. reverse fault
b. Normal fault d. none of the above.

___6. When mass wasting occurs at a slow pace, which term is applied?
a. Rock fall c. creep
b. Landslide d. glaciation
___7. Which element of nature is the dominant cause of mass wasting?
a. Water c. ice
b. Tidal waves d. gravity

___8. Landslides may cause homes to slide into valleys. What type of event
is a landslide?
a. Weathering c. sorting
b. Mass wasting d. deposition

___9. Why is planting trees on a muddy slope a good idea to prevent

mudflows and landslides?
a. The tree roots soak up water.
b. The trees keep the soil in place.
c. The trees add homes for wildlife.
d. Only a and b

___10. Rock tumbling down a steep slope would be an example of:

a. Creep c. slump
b. Rockfall d. mudslide

___11. A fast moving mix of water, soil and rocks would be an example of:
a. Creep c. slump
b. Rockslide d. debris flow

___12. Why do heavy rains, causes mass movement?

a. They cause the plants to grow.
b. They cause the animals to come out of their homes.
c. They cause the soil to be wet and heavy.
d. They cause strong winds.

___13. Besides gravity, What is the next most important factor in mass
wasting?
a. Water c. temperature
b. Humidity d. daylight hours

___14. What are the four agents of erosion?

a. Gravity, soil, landslides, water
b. Wind, water, landslides, air
c. Gravity, glaciers, wind, water,
d. Glaciers, gravity, air, soil
___15. Occuring as a result of heavy rainfall, spring thaws, volcanic eruptions,
or earthquakes, the sudden fall down a steep slope of masses of loose rock
combined with soil is called:
a. Rockfall c. mudflow
b. Landslide d. slump

___16. How is erosion different from weathering?

a. Weathering happens by physical processes and erosion happens
by chemical process.
b. Erosion is the movement of rock, while weathering is the breaking
down of rock.
c. Erosion only happens with glaciers.
d. Weathering is the depositing of eroded rock, while erosion is the
movement of rock.

___17. What layer of the Earth consists of the crust and the top of the mantle?
a. Inner core c. lithosphere
b. Asthenosphere d. outer core

___18. What layer of the Earth do convection currents occur in?

a. Crust c. mantle
b. Outer core d. inner core

___19. What happens to pressure as we move from the crust to the inner
core?
a. Pressure decreases c. pressure increases
b. Nothing happen d. it will burst

___20. What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earths’s layers?
a. Crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
b. Mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
c. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
d. Outer core, inner core, crust, mantle

___21. What happens at a convergent boundary?

a. Plates move apart c. Plates grind past each other
b. Plates come together d. None of the above
___22. What was the name given to all the continents when they were joined
as one super continent?
a. Supreme continent c. Eurasia
b. Plate tectonics d. Pangea

___23. What does the theory of continental drift state?

a. The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to
convection currents.
b. The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have
moved over time.
c. Continents are stationary and do not move.
d. None of the above.

___24. Where does the heat come from that drives this convection current in
the mantle?
a. The sun c. The crust
b. The mantle d. The core

___25. Earthquakes occur at each type of Plate Boundary. Which boundary do

they most commonly happen at?
a. Transform boundary c. Divergent boundary
b. Convergent boundary d. Continental boundary

___26. Alfred Wegener proposed that continents shift their positions over
million of years due to the movement of the Earth’s crustal plates in a
Geological process called.
a. Continental drift c. Continental movement
b. Continental shift d. plat drift

___27. Which of the following is created by endogenic forces?

a. Glacial erosion c. Water erosion
b. Wind erosion d. Faulting

___28. What fault in Southwestern California has been the location of several
well known earthquakes?
a. Grand Fault c. Jose de’langus Fault
b. San Andreas Fault d. Florida fault
___29. What type of fault would most likely to occur at a convergent plate
boundary?
a. Normal fault c. reverse fault
b. Slip strike fault d. wave fault
___30. Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions and in a
sideways movement?
a. Constriction c. compression
b. Tension d. shear

___31. What do we call a fault in which the hanging wall moves up along the
dip with respect to the footwall?

a. Reverse fault c. normal fault

b. Strike-slip fault d. dip fault

___32. What do we call a fold in which the rock layers are folded upward, with
the limbs sloping up to the axis of the fold?

a. A thrust fold c. a recumbent fold

b. An anticline d. a normal fold

___33. The San Andreas fault in California is an example of a _______ fault in

a ______ plate boundary.
a. A strike slip fault in a transform plate boundary.
b. A normal fault in a transform plate boundary.
c. A reverse fault in a transform plate boundary.
d. A strike slip fault in a convergent plate boundary.
___34. Which of the following statements is true of the epicenter of an
earthquake?
a. The epicenter is at Caltech in Pasadena, where the seismographs
are located.
b. The epicenter is the point on the Earth’s surface just above the
location where movement on the fault began.
c. The epicenter is a place on the fault where it intersects the surface.
d. The epicenter is the point on the fault’s surface within the Earth
where the rupture on the fault began.

___35. Which of the following is not a tectonic force responsible for folding or
faulting rocks?
a. Compressive force
b. Shear force
c. Tensional force
d. All of these are tectonic forces

___36. Which of the following conditions would favor folding rather than
faulting?
a. Low temperatures and low confining pressures.
b. Low temperatures and high confining pressures.
c. High temperatures and low confining pressures.
d. High temperatures and high confining pressures.

___37. What type of fault is characterized by movement both along strike and
along dip?
a. Oblique-slip c. strike slip
b. Reverse d. normal

___38. What is the breaking down of rocks without changing its mineral
composition?
a. Chemical weathering c. Physical weathering
b. Erosion d. Glaciers

___39. Only one of the following options has all examples of Physical
weathering, choose the correct one.
a. Ice wedging, acid rain, animals, plant roots
b. Lichens, animals, plant roots, ice wedging
c. Abrasion, plant roots, animals, carbonic acid
d. Abrasion, animals, ice wedging, plant roots
___40. Only one of the following options has all examples of chemical
weathering, choose the correct one.
a. Acid rain, carbonic acid, lichens, water, oxidation
 b. Carbonic acid, ice wedging, lichens, animals, oxidation
c. Acid rain, plant roots, water, abrasion, animals
d. Lichens, water, acid rain, pressure

___41. Rust that forms on rocks or metal because of extended exposure to

oxygen is what example of Chemical weathering?
a. Carbon dioxide c. acid rain
b. Oxidation d. lichens

___42. Rocks wearing away other rocks is what example of Physical

weathering?
a. Ice wedging c. abrasion
b. Plant roots d. animals

___43. What two specific continents fit together most noticeably?

a. Africa and North America c. Antarctica and Africa
b. South America and Africa d. South America and Europe

___44. How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental

drift?
a. Similar fossils are found along continental margins that appear to
join together.
b. Fossils are found in areas where the present day climate could not
have supported the organisms that made the fossils.
c. Similar fossils of giant, land-dwelling dinosaurs are found on
continents separated by oceans.
d. All of the above

___45. Originally, the Continental drift theory was not well received by other
scientist. Why?
a. There was a competing theory at the time that was more believable.
b. The scientists did not know the force responsible for moving the
continents.
c. There was no data showing the continents ever moved.
d. The scientist presenting the data was unreliable.
 II. ESSAY.

46. What are the factors that cause Physical weathering? How about Chemical
Weathering? (5pts.)

47. Discuss how magma is formed and what happens when magma is formed?
(5pts.)

48. What precautionary measures can be taken during and after Earthquakes?
Give at least 5 or more. (5pts.)