VELS UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

Subject : Power System Analysis Subject Code : 10CBEE61

Class : III year EEE Semester : VI

UNIT I - INTRODUCTION

PART - A (2 MARKS)

1. What are driving point and transfer impedances?

2. Specify the base values of the transmission line and the motor circuit for the system
shown below, by choosing the generator rating as the base values:

3. A generator rated at 35MVA, 10kV has a reactance of 20%. Calculate its p.u reactance
for a base of 50 MVA and 12 kV.
4. Form the bus admittance matrix for the system whose reactance diagram is shown
below:

All the reactances are marked in p.u.

5. Explain how the impedance bus matrix gets modified when a branch of impedance Zb
is added between two existing buses?
6. Write the approximations made while a reactance diagram is constructed.
7. Draw the equivalent circuit of an induction motor.
8. Write the formula for obtaining the Y-bus elements upon the elimination of a node.
9. What is the need for system analysis in the operation of a power system?
10. How are the base values chosen in per unit representation of a power system?
 PART - B

1. Draw the per unit impedance diagram for the power system shown in the below figure
with the following components and their corresponding ratings. Neglect resistance and
use a base of 75 MVA, 220 kV in 50 Ω line.

Generator : 75MVA, 22 kV, X” = 20%

Motor : 70 MVA, 11 kV, X”= 30%
Y – Y transformer : 75 MVA, 33/220 kV, X = 15%
Y -  transformer : single phase units each rated 25 MVA, 127kV/11 kV,
X=20%.

2. Preserving all the three nodes in the reactance diagram of a typical power system
shown below, determine Z bus for the system shown in the following figure.

3. Prepare a per phase systematic of the system shown in the below figure and show all
the impedance in per unit on a 100 MVA, 132 kV base in the transmission line circuit
on the necessary data are given as follows.

G1 : 50 MVA, 12.2 kV, X=0.15pu

G2 : 20 MVA, 13.8kV, X=0.15pu
T1 : 80MVA, 12.2/161 kV, X=0.1pu
T2 : 40MVA, 13.8/161 kV, X=0.1 pu
Load : 50 MVA 0.8 pf lag operating at 154 kV.

Determine the pu impedance of the load.

4. The single line diagram of a power system is shown in the following figure.
The ratings of the generators and transformers are also given below:

Generator MVA kV Reactance in pu

1 25 6.6 0.2
2 15 6.6 0.15
3 30 13.2 0.15

Transformer 1 : 30 MVA, 6.9 kV  - 121Y kV, X=10%

Transformer 2 : 15 MVA, 6.9 kV  - 121Y kV, X=20%
Transformer 3 : single phase units, each rated 10 MVA, 6.9kV/6.9kV, X=25%
Draw an impedance diagram and mark all values in pu choosing a base of 40 MVA,
6.6kV in generator 1.

5. The data for a system whose single line diagram is shown in the following figure is as
follows:

T1 : 5MVA, 13.2 /132 Y kV, X = 10%

T2 : 10MVA, 138 Y/69 kV, X = 8%
 Transmission line : ZL = 10 + j100 Ω/phase
Load : Zload = 300 Ω/phase

Choose the base power as 10 MVA and appropriate base voltage for different parts.
Draw the impedance diagram with values of per unit impedances of various components
clearly marked. Also find the generator current, the transmission-line current, the load
current and the load voltage.

6. For a network shown in the following figure, form the bus admittance matrix.
Za = j0.6; Zb = j0.4; Zc = j0.5 = Zd; Ze = j0.2; Zm = j0.1. All data are in pu.

UNIT II – POWER FLOW ANALYSIS

PART - A (2 MARKS)

1. What are the advantages of GS method?

2. What is load flow analysis? Give its significance in power system analysis.
3. Why one of the buses is taken as slack bus in a power system?
4. What is meant by acceleration in GS method?
5. What is Jacobian matrix?
6. What is the advantage of FDLF method over other LF methods?
7. Write the load flow equation of Gauss-Seidel method.
8. What is meant by regulated bus?
9. Write the drawbacks of NR method.
10. Explain why iterative techniques are employed for load flow analysis?
 PART – B

1. The one-line diagram of a 3-bus power system is shown in figure below.

The line admittances are in p.u on a base of 100MVA.

Using FDLF method and performing two iterations, determine the phasor values of
V2 and V3.
2. In the two bus system shown in below figure, the line admittance is on a base of
100MVA.If the expressions for ‘P’ and ‘Q’ at bus 2 are given respectively by,

Obtain the voltage magnitude and phase angle of bus 2 by performing two iterations
by N-R method. Use appropriate assumptions if necessary.

3. The one-line diagram of a power system is shown in the figure. Using GS method,
perform load flow analysis to obtain the complex bus bar voltages. Start the iteration

with initial voltages at buses 2 and 3 as and respectively.

4. Obtain the power flow solution for a 3-bus system with generators at buses 1 and 3,
where the magnitude of voltage at bus 1 is adjusted to 1.05 p.u and the voltage
magnitude at bus 3 is fixed at 1.04 p.u with a real power generation of 200 MW. A
load consisting of 400MW and 250 Mvar is taken from bus 2.The line impedances are
shown in the following table which are marked in p.u on a 100 MVA base with the
line charging susceptances neglected. Use N-R method.
From Bus To Bus R(p.u) X(p.u)
1 2 0.02 0.04
1 3 0.01 0.03
2 3 0.0125 0.025
5. The following figure is the single line diagram of a typical power system.

Taking the acceleration factor as 1.4, determine all the bus voltages at the end of first
iteration using Gauss – Seidel method.
6. The following are the bus specifications of single line diagram of a power system.

Bus code P Q V
0
1 - - 1.06/0 (slack bus)
 2 -0.5 0.1≤ Q2 ≤1 1.05
3 -0.4 0.3 -
4 -0.2 0.1 -

From Bus To Bus R X

1 2 0.03851 0.1923
1 3 0.688 0.2294
2 3 0.03077 0.2462
2 4 0.2111 0.3839
3 4 0.1149 0.2874

Using FDLF method, perform load flow analysis and obtain the voltages at all the
buses.
UNIT III – FAULT ANALYSIS – BALANCED FAULTS

PART - A (2 MARKS)

1. Draw the waveform of a short circuit current in a transmission line

2. Define short circuit capacity.
3. What is subtransient reactance? What is its significance in SC studies?
4. If generator emf is 1 p.u with transient and subtransient reactances 25% and 20 %
respectively, find the corresponding currents.
5. How do faults occur in a power system?
6. What are symmetrical faults? How are they analyzed?
7. What is dc off-set current?
8. Explain what is meant by post fault current?
9. Why the armature current decreases when the flux diminishes in a synchronous
generator?
10. Write the assumptions that are made in the fault analysis of a power system.

PART - B

1. Perform fault analysis by using Z-bus matrix and find the fault current, bus voltages
and the line currents when a symmetrical fault with a fault impedance of Z f=0.16 p.u
occurs at i) Bus 1 and ii) Bus 2 in the following system. Each generator is represented
by an emf behind the transient reactance.
 All the impedances are in p.u and on a common 100 MVA base.
2. A 3-phase generator connected through a five cycle circuit breaker to a transformer is
rated at 100 MVA, 18kV, with synchronous, transient and subtransient reactances of
110%, 25% and 20% respectively. It is operated on no-load and at rated voltage. When
a 3-phase fault occurs between the breaker and the transformer, find:
i)the Short circuit current in the circuit breaker, ii) the initial symmetrical rms
current in the circuit breaker, iii) the maximum possible dc component of the short
circuit current in the breaker iv) the current to be interrupted by the breaker and v)
the interrupting MVA.
3. In the network of figure 3.3, a symmetrical fault occurs at bus 2.Determine
a) the initial symmetrical rms current in the fault b) the voltages at the buses 1,3
and 4 during the fault c) the current contributions to the fault from lines
3 – 2, 1-2, 4-2. Neglecting all the prefault currents, assume a prefault voltage
at bus 2 as 1+j0 p.u

4. The bus impedance matrix of a four bus system with values in p.u is given by,
 Generators are connected to buses 1 and 2 and their subtransient reactances were
included when finding Zbus. Neglecting prefault current, find the subtransient current
in p.u for a 3-phase fault on bus 3. Assume a prefault voltage of 1.0 p.u. If the
subtransient reactance of the generator in bus 2 is j0.2 p.u, find the subtransient fault
current supplied by the generator.
5. For the shown system, determine the fault current supplied by the generator operating
under no-load with a voltage of 6.9kV. At ‘F’, three phase fault has occurred.

6. The system shown in the figure is delivering 500 MVA at 11 kV, 0.8 lagging power
factor into a bus which may be regarded as infinite. Particulars of various components
are:
Generator = 600 MVA, 12 kV, X d’ = 0.35 pu
Transformer each = 80 MVA, 12/66 kV, X = 0.08 pu
Line: Reactance 12 Ω, resistance negligible
Calculate the symmetrical current that the circuit breakers A and B will be called upon
to interrupt in the event of a three phase fault occurring at F near the circuit breaker B.

UNIT IV – FAULT ANALYSIS – UNBALANCED FAULTS

PART – A (2 MARKS)

1. Write the boundary condition for various unsymmetrical faults.

2. Draw the negative sequence network for the following system:
3. Draw the zero sequence network of a star-connected alternator with zero sequence
impedance zgo when the neutral is grounded through an impedance zn.
4. What are the unbalanced faults occurring in power system?
5. Draw the zero sequence circuit for the following:
a) b)

6. What is a sequence network?

7. Write the Z- matrix (or its form) used for unbalanced fault calculations.
8. If the voltages across a 3-Ф unbalanced load are Va=281.91 + j102.61V,
Vb= j360V and Vc= -383.02-j321.39V, calculate the sequence voltages for phase c
9. Name any two series fault.
10. Why prefault current is not considered for unsymmetrical fault analysis?

PART – B

1. Determine the positive, negative and zero sequence networks for the system shown
below.

Assume zero sequence reactances for the generator and synchronous motors as 0.06
p.u and that of the transmission line is j300 Ω. Current limiting reactors of 3.5 Ω are
connected in the neutral of the generator and motor no 2.
2. A single line to ground fault occurs on the bus 1 of the system of below figure .
 Find :
(i) Fault current
(ii) Short circuit current on the transmission line in all the three phases
(iii) Voltage of the healthy phase of the bus 1
Given : Rating of each machine 1200 kVA, 600 V with X 1 = X2 = 10% and X0 = 5%.
Each three phase transformer is rated 1200 kVA, 600 V/ 3300 V (Δ/Y) with the
leakage reactance of 5%. The reactances of transmission line are X 1 = X2 = 20% and X0
= 40% on the base of 1200 kVA, 3300 V. The reactances of neutral grounding reactors
are 5% on the kVA and voltage base of the machine.

3. A salient pole generator without dampers is rated at 20 MVA, 13.8kV and has a direct
axis subtransient reactance of 0.25 p.u. The negative and zero sequence reactances are
0.35p.u and 0.10 p.u respectively. The neutral of the generator is solidly grounded.
Find the subtransient currents and line to line voltages at the fault under subtransient
conditions when an L-L fault occurs between phase ‘b’ and ‘c’ at the terminals of the
generator. Assume that the generator is unloaded and operating at rated terminal
voltage when the fault occurs. Neglect resistance.

4. Forming the bus impedance matrix for the following network, determine the bus
voltages and line currents during when LLG fault occurs at bus 3 through a fault
impedance Zf = j0.1.

5. Two synchronous machines are connected through two three-phase transformers to a

transmission line. The ratings and reactances of the machines and transformers are:
 Machines 1 and 2 : 100MVA,20kV ; Xd’’ = X1 = X2 = 20%, X0=4%, Xn=5%.
Transformers T1 and T2: 100MVA, 20 kV (∆)/345 kV(Y), X=8%.
On a chosen base of 100 MVA, 345 kV in the transmission – line circuit, the line
reactances are X1=X2=15% and X0=50%.The system is operating at nominal voltage
without prefault currents when a bolted LG fault occurs on phase ‘A’ at the bus nearer
to machine 2. Using Zbus for each of the three sequence networks, determine
i) the subtransient current to ground at the fault
ii) the line to ground voltages at the terminals of machine 2 and
iii) the subtransient current out of phase ‘C’ of machine 2.
Machine ‘1’ is at the sending end and Machine ‘2’ is at the receiving end.

6. For the system shown below, determine the fault current and fault MVA for a L-L
fault occurring between the phases b and c at bus no. 4.

G1, G2: 100 MVA, 20kV, X1=X2=20%

T1, T2: 100 MVA, 20 kV /345kV , Xleak=9%
Line : X1=X2=5%

UNIT V – STABILITY ANALYSIS

PART - A (2 MARKS)

1. Define stability of a power system.

2. What is difference between transient stability and dynamic stability?
3. What is the difference in defining the torque angle in degrees and radians?
4. Explain why a regulated bus cannot be an infinite bus?
5. Draw the phasor diagram of a salient pole synchronous machine during transient
period.
6. Explain why transient stability is called as large signal stability?
7. What is the significance of critical clearing angle?
8. Draw the equal area criterion for a 3-Ф fault in a power system occurring away from
the sending end. Draw the graphical interpretation of Euler’s method.
9. Write the differences between modified Euler’s and Runge-Kutta second order method.
10. Why is it important for analyzing the stability in power system planning and
operation?
 PART - B

1. The d-axis transient reactance of a 60Hz synchronous generator having the inertia
constant of 5MJ/MVA is 0.25 p.u. It is connected to an infinite bus through a three
phase transformer with reactance 0.2 p.u. Two transmission lines with p.u. reactances
of 0.3 each are in parallel between the buses where the latter are between the
transformer and the infinite bus. The generator delivers a real power and a reactive
power of 0.8 p.u and 0.074 p.u respectively.
i) A temporary three-phase fault occurs at the sending end of the line. When the
fault is cleared, both lines are intact. Determine the critical clearing angle and
the critical fault clearing time.
ii) A three-phase fault occurs at the middle of one of the lines, the fault is cleared
and the faulted line is isolated. Determine the critical clearing angle.
Draw the equal area criterion for both the cases.

2. (i) Derive the expression for critical clearing angle.

(ii) A 150 MVA generator-transformer unit having an overall reactance of 0.3 pu is
delivering 200 MW to infinite bus bar over a double circuit 220 kV line having
reactance per phase per circuit of 100 Ω. A 3-phase fault occurs midway along one
of the transmission lines. Calculate the maximum angle of swing that the generator
may achieve before the fault is cleared without the loss of stability.

3. A 50 Hz, 500 MVA, 400 kV generator (with transformer) is connected to a 400 kV

infinite bus bar through interconnector. The generator has H = 2.5 MJ/MVA, voltage
behind transient reactance of 450 kV and is loaded at 460 MW. The transfer reactances
between generator and bus bar under various conditions are:

Prefault 0.5 pu
During fault 1.0 pu
Post fault 0.75 pu

Calculate the swing curve using intervals of 0.05 sec and assuming that the fault is
cleared at 0.15 sec.

4. A 50 Hz generator is delivering 50% of the power that it is capable of delivering

through a transmission line to an infinite bus. A fault occurs that increases the
reactance between the generator and the infinite bus to 500% of the value before the
fault. When the fault is isolated, the maximum power that can be delivered is 75% of
the original maximum value. Determine the critical clearing angle for the condition
described.
5. A three phase fault occurring at the middle of line 2, shown in the below figure is
cleared by isolating the faulted circuit simultaneously from both the ends. Generator is
delivering 0.8 p.u power at 0.8 p.f lagging. The fault is cleared in 0.1s.

Obtain the numeric solution of the swing equation up to 0.15s using modified Euler’s
method.

6. The generator in the below figure supplies 125MW and 156 MVAR.

The tie line reactance is 0.08p.u. Xd’=0.3 p.u. The inertia constant is 4 p.u on a 100
MVA base. For a duration of 0.1s, a three phase fault occurs at bus P. At the end of
0.1s, the fault disappears without any circuit breaker opening. Write the swing equation
for faulted and post fault conditions. Solve the same by Runge-Kutta method.