Other Data

Outside surface temperature of the pipe = 860C

Enthalpy of saturated steam= 2659 kJ/kg
Enthalpy of condensate= 375 kJ/kg

Viscosity of condensate at the film temperature= 3.24x10-4Pa s

Assume the flow of the condensate is laminar:
Calculate the rate of steam condensation
Check the weather the flow is laminar.

3.23 An asbestos pad, square in cross-section, measures 0.05m on a side and increases linearly to
0.1 m on the side at the other end. The length of the pad is 0.15 m. If the small end is held 600 K
and the larger end at 300 K. What will be the heat flow rate of the other four sides are insulated?
Assume one directional heat flow. Thermal conductivity of asbestos is 0.173 W/m K.

3.24 Estimate the heat transfer area for an exchanger to cool an organic liquid from 150oC to
50oC. The hot liquid will flow at a rate of 10,000 Kg/hr and will be cooled by using circulating
foul water containing some salt. The cooling water will leave at 40oC. It is proposed to use on
shell pass and two tubes pas heat exchanger for the above duty.

Cooling water intel temperature= 25 kJ/kg oC

Heat capacity for water= 4.2 kJ/kg oC
Ft, the temperature correction for the design will be 0.85
The recommended overall heat transfer coefficient U will be 600 W/m2 oC

3.25 (a) It is produced to reduce the heat loss from rectangular furnace wall by doubling its wall
thickness. The temperature of the hot surface of the wall Is 723 K and it loses heat from the other
side exposed to air 308 K. In case I, the temperature of the wall surface exposed to air is 453K.
Estimate the % reduction in heat loss due to the doubling of wall thickness. Neglect the radiation
losses and assume 1 D conduction. Also assume the thermal conductivity (K) of furnace wall and
the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) to be constant.
(b) A steel ball of 50 mm diameter is cooled by exposing it on air steam 320 K. Under these
conditions the convective heat transfer coefficient is 100 W/m2 K. Estimate the time needed to
cool the steel ball from 1120 to 520 K.
Properties of steel Density= 8000 kg/m3 and heat capacity= 450 J/kg K. Due to the high thermal
conductivity of steel, there are no temperature gardients within the ball.

3.26 The wall of a cold storage unit comprises brick layer (thickness δB= 0.1 m, thermal
conductivity KB= 1.4 W/mK) and an inner layer of polyurethane foam (thickness δp= 0.005 m,
thermal conductivity Kp= 0.015 W/mK). Assuming dimensional heat transfer by conduction
through the composite wall, and the inner surface of the polyurethane layer is at temperature TC
and the outer surface of the brick layer is at temperature Th.
(a) Derive an expression for the heat flux per unit area through the wall.
(b) Calculate the rate of heat gain when TC= -10oC. The surface area for heat transfer is 260 m2.

3.27 A fluid heated from a temperature Ti to To in a double pipe heat exchanger with stream
condensing in the outer pipe at a temperature Ts. The flow rate of fluid in the inner pipe (inside
diameter D) is Q, and the heat transfer coefficient s hi. The film heat transfer coefficient for the
condensing steam is hg, and the wall resistance and fouling are negligible.
(a) Obtain an expression for the length of the heat exchanger required to carry out the heating
operation. Assume that the outer diameter of the inner pipe is nearly equal to its inside diameter.
The specific heat capacity of the fluid is Cp and its density p.
(b) Obtains an expression for the optimum diameter at which the heat exchanger length is
minimum assuming hi=CDi-1.8 where C is a constant.

3.28 Obtain an expression or steady-state temperature profile and heat transfer rate for a hollow
spherical container. The inner surface (at r=ri) is maintained at T=Ti, and the outer surface (at
r=ro) is maintained at T=T0.

3.29 The outside surface temperature of a pipe (radius= 0.1 m) is 400 K. the pipe is losing heat to
atmosphere which is at 300 K. the film heat transfer coefficient is 10 W/m2K.
To reduce the rate of heat loss, the pipe is insulated by a 50 mm thick layer of asbestos (K= 0.5
W/m K). Calculate the percentage reduction in the rate of heat loss.

3.30 in a 1-1counter flow shell and tube heat exchanger, a process stream (Cp= 4.2 kJ/kg K) is
cooled from 450 to 350 K using water (Cp= 4.2 kJ/ kg K) at 300 K. The process stream flows on
the shell –side at a rate of 1 kg/s and the water on the tube sides are 1000 W/m2 and 1500
W/m2K, respectively, determine:
(a) The required heat transfer area
(b) by what factor will the required area change if the flow constant ? Neglect tube wall
resistance and fouling resistances.