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NIAGARA COLLEGE WINTER 2015

ELEC 1531
ASSIGNMENT 2
Fault Currents and Voltage Regulation

SOLUTIONS
2

Consider the following power system:

G 20 MVA/13.8KV/3Φ X’d = 40% , XS = 90%

TX1
20MVA/13.8KV/69KV/
Z = 5%

T-Line 0.5Ω/km,

50 km long
69KV/3Φ BUS
1
TX2
F1
5MVA/69KV/13.8KV/
Z = 7% 13.8KV/3Φ BUS
2

TX3 TX4
2MVA/13.8K/600V 2.5MVA/13.8K/600V
Z=9% Z=10%

4
3
F3
ZLOAD3 = 20 + j20Ω ZLOAD4 = ? Ω

As shown, Busses 1,2,3,4 are nominally 69KV, 13.8KV, 600V, and 600V, respectively.

Choose a 3 phase SBASE = 10MVA


3

PART A – Fault current calculations


Q1. Assuming that there are no large rotating loads at 600V, calculate the bolted 3 phase fault

current at F1. ⑤
A1.

On the NEW 10 MVA Base:

10𝑀𝑉𝐴 10𝑀𝑉𝐴
X’d = .40 x 20𝑀𝑉𝐴 = 0.2 pu, XS = .9 x 20𝑀𝑉𝐴 = 0.45pu

10𝑀𝑉𝐴
XTX1 = 0.05 x 20𝑀𝑉𝐴 = 0.025 pu

(69𝐾𝑉)2
T-Line → ZBASE = = 476.1 Ω, ZACTUAL = 0.5Ω/km x 50 km = 25Ω
10𝑀𝑉𝐴

25𝛺
∴ XT-Linepu = 476.1𝛺 = 0.052Ω

10𝑀𝑉𝐴
XTX2 = 0.07 x 5𝑀𝑉𝐴
= 0.14 pu

10𝑀𝑉𝐴
XTX3 = 0.09 x 2𝑀𝑉𝐴
= 0.45 pu

10𝑀𝑉𝐴
XTX4 = 0.10 x 2.5𝑀𝑉𝐴 = 0.4 pu

(0.6𝐾𝑉)2
ZLOAD3 → ZBASE = = 0.036 Ω,
10𝑀𝑉𝐴

20+ 𝑗20𝛺
∴ZLOAD3pu = = 555.5 + j555.5 pu
0.036𝛺
4

Calculating the fault current at F1 ( 69KV prefault voltage): All values shown in pu:

V=
1.0

0.2

0.025

0.052
69KV
1

XTOTAL = 0.552pu ∴ ISC 3Φ bolted symm =


10000 𝐾𝑉𝐴
= 302 Amps ≈ 300A
√3 ∙69𝐾𝑉 ∙0.277

Q2. Using the same assumptions, calculate the bolted 3 phase fault current at F3. ⑤

A2. Calculating the fault current at F3 ( 600V prefault voltage): All values shown in pu:
5

V=
1.0

0.2

0.025

0.052

0.14

0.45

600V
3

XTOTAL = 0.867pu ∴ ISC 3Φ bolted symm =


10000 𝐾𝑉𝐴
= 11098 Amps ≈ 11 KA
√3 ∙0.6𝐾𝑉 ∙ 0.867
6

V=
1.0

0.2

0.025

0.052
69KV
1

XTOTAL = 0.552pu ∴ ISC 3Φ bolted symm =


10000 𝐾𝑉𝐴
= 302 Amps ≈ 300A
√3 ∙69𝐾𝑉 ∙0.277

PART B – Voltage Regulation Calculations: ⑤

Q3. Assume that the load at BUS is twice that of the load at BUS 3 .
4
7

Also, assume that the synchronous generator G is holding its’ voltage at 1.0pu <0° ( rated excitation
and rated synch speed ) ,

Calculate the voltage regulation at BUS 2

A3. All values shown are in pu:


8

V = 1.0

j0.45
13.8KV/3Φ BUS

j0.025
69KV/3Φ BUS

j0.052
69KV/3Φ BUS
1

j0.14
13.8KV/3Φ BUS
2

j0.45 j0.4

0.6KV/3Φ BUS 0.6KV/3Φ BUS


4
3

ZLOAD3 = 555.5 + j555.5 ZLOAD4 = ? Ω

∴ ZLOAD4 = ½ of ZLOAD3 = 277.75 + j277.75 pu


9

V = 1.0

j0.45

j0.025
0.1

j0.052

j0.14
13.8KV/3Φ BUS
2

j0.45 J0.4

0.6KV/3Φ BUS

ZLOAD4 = 277.75 + j277.75


ZLOAD3 = 555.5 + j555.5

Reduces to:
10

V = 1.0

j0.667
13.8KV/3Φ BUS
2

j 0.45 j0.4

ZLOAD3 = 555.5 + j555.95 ZLOAD4 = 277.75 + j278.15

Reduces to:

V = 1.0

j0.667
13.8KV/3Φ BUS
2

555.5 + j555.595 277.75 + j278.15

Reduces to:
11

V = 1.0

j0.667
13.8KV/3Φ BUS
2

261.99<45° = 185.25 + j185.25pu

Using voltage divider,

1.0<0°
∴ V BUS 2 = x 261.99<45°
185.25+𝑗185.25+𝑗0.667

1.0<0° 1.0<0°
= x 261.99<45° = x 261.99<45° = 0.998 < 0°pu
185.16+ 𝑗185.927 262.4<45°

∴ VBUS 2 ACTUAL = 0.998 x 13.8KV = 13.77KV

1.0−0.998
VREG 13.8KV = = 0.2%
0.998 Cf.!

OR, another approach:


1 1 1
ITOTAL pu= = = = 0.00381 <-45° pu
𝑍 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑢 𝑗0.667 + 185.25 +𝑗185.25 262.4<45°

∴ pu voltage at bus 2 = Ipu x Zpu = (0.00381<-45°) x (261.99<45°) = 0.998 pu

1− .998
VREG = = 0.2%
.998

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