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Z. Sobotka
Key words': Positive and negative flow, viscosity, non-Newtonian liquid, trans-
formed flow tensor, clay suspension
where x i (i = 1, 2, 3) denote orthogonal Cartesian co- is the vorticity tensor and Zk(Z) in the Oldroyd's con-
ordinates of a typical particle at the time t. vected integral denote the position at time r of the
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648 Rheologica Acta, Vol. 21, No. 4/5 (1982)
element which is instantaneously in the point xk(t) at Expressing eq. (7) in terms of principal values
time t.
The equivalent transformed flow tensor is defined O'I = f O I ) , O'II = fCSll) , oii1 = f O i i i ) (9)
in an analogous manner:
and writing eq. (8) for all three principal values of the
0 2 transformed flow tensor, we obtain the set of three
flij = bo(t)flij + ha(t) Dfliy + b2(t) flij
Dt ---D--~ + "'" equations
where O0, ~1 and ~2 are scalar functions of invariants This relation can also be obtained on the basis of
and c~ijis the Kronecker delta. the Sylvester formula for matrix functions.
Clay
1.50 1.75
water
No. Shear stress [Pa] Viscosity [Pa s] Shear stress [Pa] Viscosity [Pa s]
If the material function is a nonsymmetrical one stirrer, the suspension exhibited higher viscosities
with respect to the origin, i.e. ifftfiK) ~: - f ( - / ~ K ) , than when the cylinder and stirrer were rotated in the
we have different flow rules in two opposite directions same direction. The differences between the positive
which are characterized by different values of positive and negative viscosities are due to the orientated
and negative viscosities. For the equivalent positive structure of suspensions, which has been formed in
and negative shear stresses in the plane 12, we have the course of stirring. They increase with the density
of suspensions.
0"12 -- f112(f111 + fl22) + f113f132-- (fin + flIIl)f112f(fli) Illustrative examples of test results are listed in
table 1.
C61 - flI1)(flI -- flIII)