1 Relationships

Relationships
Reading 1 Pages 6 and 7
1.8 launch (v) \lO…ntS\
to introduce a new product into the
Æ
1.1 bully (n) \ bUli\ market
someone who gives others a hard time A new brand of cola was launched last
by forcing them to do things they do not summer.
want l launch (n)
John’s always had problems at school with a Æ
bully who made him do his homework. 1.9 a friendly ear (exp) \´ Æfrendli I´\
l bully (v) someone who is willing to listen
Æ sympathetically to a problem
1.2 embarrass (v) \Im bœr´s\ It is always nice to have a friendly ear
to make someone feel ashamed around.
My cousin Danny is always embarrassing Æ
me in front of my friends with his comments 1.10 research (n) \rI s‰…tS\
about my childhood. the detailed study of something, usually
l embarrassed (adj), embarrassment (n) for scientific purposes
Mary has spent the last three years doing
1.3 tease (v) \ti…z\ research on the reading habits of Greek
to laugh at someone or say nasty things students.
about them because you are joking or you l researcher (n)
want to upset them Æ
He never stops teasing his little sister; he’s 1.11 brainchild (n) \ breInÆtSaIld\
always making comments about her hair, a system, plan or idea that someone
her rosy cheeks or her clothes! develops
l tease (n) The new Harry Potter book is the brainchild
of J.K. Rowling.
1.4 train (v) \treIn\ Æ
to teach someone a practical skill 1.12 at hand (exp) \´t hœnd\
She trains dogs for a living at the new pet near (in ‘time’ or ‘space’)
training centre. Success is at hand – keep up the good work!
l training (n)
Æ
1.13 extreme (adj) \Ik stri…m\
1.5 range (n) \reIndZ\ great in degree or intensity
a group of things of the same type When the hunters saw the lion, they backed
This supermarket offers a wide range of away slowly and with extreme caution.
food products. l extremely (adv)
l range (v)
Æ
Æ 1.14 suffer from (v) \ søf´ fr´m, frÅm\
1.6 confide in (v) \k´n faId In\ to experience; to go through (to suffer
to tell a secret to someone you trust from an illness = to have an illness)
You had no right to tell Alison about that! I Most adults in big cities nowadays suffer
was wrong to confide in you! from stress.
l confidence (in someone) (n) l suffering (n)
Æ Æ
1.7 charity (n) \ tSœr´ti\ 1.15 fill the gap (exp) \ÆfIl D´ gœp\
the act of giving money to the poor and to provide something that people want or
needy without personal profit need
When her husband died, the rich old There was nothing on the market to help
woman devoted her free time to charities. people learn how to use html until this new
l charitable (adj) book came out to fill the gap.

UNIT 1 
 1 Relationships
Æ Æ
1.16 concept (n) \ kÅnsept\
an (original) idea, a principle
The concept of global peace is, sadly, very
difficult for us to imagine.
l conception (n), conceptualise (v)
Æ
1.17 turn to (phr v) \ t‰…n t´, tU\
to go to a person for advice, help or
guidance
Who will you turn to now that you have
argued with all your friends?
Æ
1.18 sort out (phr v) \ÆsO…t aUt\
to solve a problem or difficulty
I need to sort out my priorities first before I
start looking for a new flat.
Æ reappeared just like that!
1.19 sympathetically (adv) \ÆsImp´ TetIkli\
doing something (usually listening to
someone’s problems) in a kind and
sensitive way
My father has always listened to my worries
about my studies sympathetically and
we’ve always had constructive discussions.
l sympathy (n), sympathetic (adj)
Æ
1.20 contact (v) \ kÅntœkt\
to write to someone or talk to them on
the telephone
You can contact me on my mobile if I’m out
of the office.
l contact (n)
1.21 chat (v) \tSœt\
to have a conversation with
When I got home, I found my mum
chatting on the phone with my aunt.
l chat (n)
Æ It’s always painful when a couple splits up.
1.22 counsellor (n) \ kaUns(´)l´\
a person who offers professional advice
on people’s problems
Erica works as a counsellor in a university
college, helping students cope with the
workload.
l counsel(v) (n), counselling (n)
Æ
1.23 website (n) \ webÆsaIt\
an address on the Internet where
information is displayed
Yesterday, as I was surfing the net, I came
across a very interesting film website.
l world wide web (www)
 UNIT 1
1.24 full-time (adj) \ fUl ÆtaIm\
done for (usually) eight hours a day, five
days a week
He is a full-time teacher.
l full-time (adv)
1.25 make someoneÆ do something (phr)
\ÆmeIk Æsømw´n du… ÆsømTIN\
to force someone to do something,
usually against their will
Our mother made us go to church every
Sunday.
Æ
1.26 just like that (exp) \ÆdZøst laIk Dœt\
like magic; very quickly
The computer programmer did something
to my computer and all my lost files
Æ
1.27 frustration (n) \frø streISn\
a feeling of helplessness following a very
stressful or difficult situation
Nothing can describe my frustration when
I realised that the exam was on the only
chapter I hadn’t studied!
l frustrated (adj), frustrating (adj)
Æ
1.28 anxiety (n) \œN zaI´ti\
a feeling of stress
You must learn to cope with the anxiety
caused by exams.
l anxious (adj)
Æ
1.29 the other day (exp) \Di ÆøD´ deI\
some days ago
I saw Erica at the market the other day.
Æ
1.30 split up (phr v) \ÆsplIt øp\
to break up; to end a relationship
Æ
1.31 bring up (a subject) (phr v) \ÆbrIN øp\
to start discussing a new subject
Maria brought up the issue of recycling the
school rubbish.
Æ Æ
1.32 issue (n) \ ISu, isju…\
an important point being discussed
The effects of tourism on the cleanliness of
Greek beaches is a big issue for the people
who live in tourist areas.
Æ
1.33 GP (n) \ÆdZi… pi…\
a General Practitioner; a doctor
In the UK, you visit your local GP for
general problems with your health.
 1 Relationships
Æ Æ
1.34 look into (phr v) \ÆlUk Int´, IntU\
to search; to investigate Vocabulary Page 9
Æ
Let me look into the matter first and then 1.42 befriend (v) \bI frend\
you can take it to the Principal. to make friends with someone
Æ He befriends the worst students at school;
1.35 relative (n) \ rel´tIv\ we are so worried about him!
a relation, someone who is in the same l friend (n), friendly (adj)
family as you Æ
James is a distant relative - he’s my 1.43 obedience (n) \´ bi…di´ns\
mother’s fourth cousin. the act of doing what other people want
l be related to someone (phr) you to do
Æ Soldiers must show obedience to their
1.36 colleague (n) \ kÅli…g\ superiors.
someone who works in the same office as l obedient (adj), obey (v)
you Opp.: disobedient (adj)
I went out for a drink after work with my
Æ
colleagues. 1.44 nervous (adj) \ n‰…v´s\
anxious; tense; worried; not calm
Being in the presence of my favourite actress
Grammar 1 Page 8 made me feel very nervous.
Æ nervously (adv)
1.37 permanent (adj) \ p‰…m´n´nt\
lasting a long time or forever Æ
1.45 annoyed (adj) \´ nOId\
He doesn’t think of his job at the company slightly angry; irritated
as permanent - he’s always looking for
I was annoyed the other day when you saw
something better.
me and didn’t even say hello to me.
l permanently (adv)
l annoy (v), annoying (adj), annoyance (n)
Opp.: temporary (adj)
Æ
1.46 sincere (adj) \sIn sI´\
1.38 get on well
Æ
with (phr v) honest; speaking the truth
\Æget Ån wel wID, wIT\ Please accept my sincere apologies;
to have a good relationship with someone honestly, I never meant to upset you.
How are you getting on with your mother- l sincerity (n), sincerely (adv)
in-law?
Æ
1.47 approve (of something) (v) \´ pru…v\
1.39 fancy (doing
Æ
sth) (v) to think that something is good or
\Æfœnsi du…IN ÆsømTIN\ suitable
to want to do something My father approved of my new hairstyle.
What do you fancy doing this weekend? l approval (n), disapproval (n)
Æ Opp.: disapprove (of something) (v)
1.40 easy-going (adj) \ i…zi Æg´UIN\
relaxed and happy; easy to make friends 1.48 smack (v) \smœk\
with to hit with an open hand
I’d like to meet an easy-going man for Most parents nowadays don’t smack their
a change; I seem to run into difficult, children – they punish them in other ways.
stubborn ones lately!
l smack (n)
Æ
1.41 pick up (phr v) \ÆpIk øp\
to collect
My mum picks me up from my English class
Listening Page 10
Æ
every evening. 1.49 acquaintance (n) \´ kweInt´ns\
someone you know, but not very well
He’s not my friend; he’s just an
acquaintance.

UNIT 1 
 1 Relationships
Æ
1.50 selfish (adj) \ selfIS\
thinking only about yourself and not Reading 2 Pages 12 and 13
Æ
caring about other people’s feelings 1.58 depressed (adj) \dI prest\
Stop being so selfish! Give your brother some unhappy; miserable
of the chocolate! I was depressed because of the weather – I’d
l selfishness (n) been looking forward to a sunny weekend
Opp.: unselfish (adj) on the beach!
l depress
(v), depression (n),
Æ depressive (adj)
1.51 arrogant (adj) \ œr´g´nt\
behaving as if one is superior to or better Æ
than other people 1.59 incompatible (adj) \ÆInk´m pœt´bl\
They are so arrogant; they’ve got lots of not able to fit in or work with something
money and they think that’s all that counts! else
l arrogance (n) This document is for Apple computers; it’s
incompatible with Windows.
Æ l compatibility (n)
1.52 call off (phr v) \ÆkO…l Åf\
to cancel Opp.: compatible (adj)
The coach called off the training as the
weather didn’t permit us to train outdoors.
1.60 have something
Æ
in common (phr) \Æhœv
ÆsømTIN In kÅm´n\
Æ
1.53 bump into (phr v) \Æbømp Int´, IntU\
Æ share the same interests
John and Mike have much in common; they
to meet accidentally both like cinema and they both play soccer.
As we were on our way to meet the others,
Opp.: have nothing in common (phr)
we bumped into our Physics teacher.
Æ
1.61 quarrel (v) \ kwÅr´l\
1.54 nag (v) \nœg\ an argument
to keep asking someone to do something They are having a big quarrel about what
they don’t want to do to watch on television in front of their
Stop nagging me about my hair! I like it children.
long; I’m not having it cut! l quarrel (v)
l nag (n) Æ
Æ
1.62 reject (v) \rI dZekt\
1.55 look down on (phr v) \ÆlUk daUn Ån\ not to accept; to dismiss
to think that you are better or more I rejected their offer of a job because the
important than someone else salary wasn’t high enough.
It is bad to look down on other students; l rejected (adj), rejection (n)
after all, we are all part of a team.
1.63 last (v) \lA…st\
to continue to exist for a period of time
Speaking Page 11 I hope these new saucepans last longer than
my other ones did.
Æ
1.56 rehearse (v) \rI h‰…s\ lasting (adj)
to practise; to prepare Æ
The actors rehearsed the play for weeks 1.64 betrayal (n) \bI treI´l\
before the opening night. the act of breaking the promise that you
l rehearsal (n) have made to someone
It was his betrayal that hurt me the most; he
Æ
1.57 contraction (n) \k´n trœkSn\ told everyone the one secret I had asked him
a shortened form of a word or words to keep.
In formal letters you shouldn’t use any l betray (v)
contractions.
l contract (v)

 UNIT 1
 1 Relationships
Æ Æ
1.65 humiliate (v) \hju… mIliÆeIt\ 1.72 emotional (adj) \I m´USn(´)l\
to make someone feel ashamed or easily upset; showing one’s feelings openly
embarrassed Janet gets very emotional when talking
The whole country was humiliated by our about her childhood.
national football team losing 11-0. l emotion (n), emotionally (adv)
l humiliated (adj), humiliating (adj), Æ
humiliation (n) 1.73 former (adj) \ fO…m´\
Æ
ex-; previous
1.66 impulsive (adj) \Im pølsIv\ The former Prime Minister is now a
acting without thinking about what will well-respected author of historical books.
happen l formerly (adv)
It’s refreshing to meet someone as direct and
impulsive as Joanna; although she says 1.74 heal (v) \hi…l\
some unbelievable things sometimes! to get better; to improve (after an injury,
l impulse (n) illness or unhappy situation)
Time can heal the pain you might feel after
1.67 pierce (v) \pI´s\ a divorce.
to make a hole with a sharp object l healing (n), healer (n)
Janet had her ears pierced when she was 14.
Æ
1.68 corny (adj) \ kO…ni\ Use of English Page 15
If a joke or story is corny, it is unfunny Æ
and unoriginal. 1.75 rebel (n) \rI bel\
I can’t put up with his corny jokes any
someone who doesn’t like authority and
more; someone has to tell him to stop! chooses not to obey it
Nowadays, most teenagers are rebels; they
are against everything and everybody for no
1.69 be tempted toÆ do something (phr) apparent reason.
\bi ÆtemptId t´ du… ÆsømTIN\
l rebellious (adj), rebellion (n)
to be persuaded to do something which is
not very good for you Æ
1.76 dental technician (n) \ dentl tekÆnIS´n\
I was tempted to have a second slice of
chocolate fudge cake but I managed to resist!
a dentist who makes false teeth
Jane is training to be a dental technician.
l temptation (n), tempting (adj)
Æ
Æ
1.70 on the rebound (exp) \Ån D´ ri…baUnd\ 1.77 minor (adj) \ maIn´\
If someone is on the rebound after a not serious; unimportant
He survived the crash with minor injuries.
relationship has ended, they are looking
l minority (n)
for a new relationship with someone who
might not be suitable for them. Æ
Joe was on the rebound from his
1.78 commercial (n) \k´ m‰…Sl\
relationship and went out every night for an advertisement broadcast on television
about a month. or radio
Did you see Helen in that yoghurt
1.71 bear (v) \be´\ commercial ? She must have been paid a lot
of money for that one.
to tolerate; to put up with someone or
l commerce (n), commercial (adj)
something
I can’t bear the thought of not seeing my Æ
friends again! I don’t want us to move to 1.79 legend (n) \ ledZ(´)nd\
the US! If a famous person becomes a legend,
l bearable (adj)
they are admired after their death by a
Opp.: unbearable (adj) lot of people and remembered for many
generations.
Elvis Presley had so many fans around the
world in the 60s that he became a legend.
l legendary (adj)

UNIT 1 
 1 Relationships
Æ
1.80 icon (n) \ aIkÅn\
a very famous person who has become a Workbook
Æ
symbol of something 1.89 contentment (n) \k´n tentm´nt\
Many people think of Frank Sinatra as an a feeling of satisfaction; happiness
icon of music in the 50s. Having her family around her for
Christmas gave Judy a wonderful feeling of
Æ contentment.
1.81 take over (phr v) \ÆteIk ´Uv´\
to take control of l contented (adj)
The hijackers took over the plane before
anybody had a chance to react. 1.90 dye (v) \daI\
Æ
to change the colour of something
1.82 take off (phr v) \ÆteIk Åf\ My mother has been dying her hair since it
to leave the ground; to remove turned grey.
The plane took off as scheduled at 6.45. l dye (n)
Take off your jacket if you’re too hot. Æ
Æ
1.91 hang out (phr v) \ÆhœN aUt\
1.83 take place (phr) \ÆteIk pleIs\ to spend time with people socially
to happen; to occur They are not my best friends; we just hang
The concert took place at the new concert out together once in a while.
hall.
Æ
Æ
1.92 frequent (adj) \ fri…kw´nt\
1.84 adore (v) \´ dO…\ happening often
to feel great love for someone or His frequent absences from her class
something concerned John’s teacher.
I like coffee, I love chocolate but I absolutely l frequently (adv)
adore cheesecake! Æ
l adoration (n), adorable (adj) 1.93 exaggerate (v) \Ig zœdZ´ÆreIt\
Æ
to say that something is worse or more
1.85 worship (v) \ w‰…SIp\ important than it really is
to practise a religion; to praise God There can’t have been 10,000 people at the
A church is a place where we worship God. concert – you must be exaggerating!
l worship (n) l exaggeration (n), exaggerated (adj)
Æ Æ
1.86 era (n) \ I´r´\ 1.94 turn out (phr v) \Æt‰…n aUt\
a period of time to become; to work out in the end
The Middle Ages were an era when a lot of He turned out to be a nice young man.
diseases killed millions of people throughout
Europe. 1.95 wit (n) \wIt\
Æ humour; the ability to be funny in a
1.87 unique (adj) \ju… ni…k\ clever way
the only example of something Oscar Wilde was famous for his wit above
The Parthenon is a unique example of anything else.
Greek architecture. l witty (adj)
l uniquely (adv)
Æ
1.96 random (adj) \ rœnd´m\
accidental; not in any particular order
Writing Page 16 The computer chooses random numbers
Æ each time so that nobody can tell what the
1.88 enclose (v) \In kl´Uz\ outcome of the game will be.
to put something in an envelope or parcel l at random (phr)
together with something else
I am enclosing some stamps for your letter
of reply.

 UNIT 1
 1 Relationships

1.97 slang (n) \slœN\

words or expressions that are very
informal and often only used in certain
groups
Rappers often use street slang in their songs.
Æ
1.98 insight (n) \ InsaIt\
the ability to understand what a complex
situation is really like
They showed great insight when they pulled
their money out of the stock market just
before Black Monday.

UNIT 1 
 2 Travelling

Travelling
Reading 1 Pages 18 and 19 2.8 peers (n) \pI´z\
people who are the same age or have the
2.1 self-catering holiday (n) same status as you
Æ She is very well liked by her peers; everybody
\Æself keIt´rIN ÆhÅlIdeI\
a self-catering holiday is one where none enjoys her company.
of the meals are included in the cost and Æ
you are expected to cook (or buy) all 2.9 tension (n) \ tenSn\
meals for yourself anxiety; stress; pressure
When we were younger, our parents always There has been such tension between them
took us on self-catering holidays as it was lately that they have decided to break up.
more economical. l tense (adj)
Æ Æ
2.2 package holiday (phr) \ pœkIdZ ÆhÅlIdeI\ 2.10 specific (adj) \sp´ sIfIk\
a package holiday is one which is definite; certain; not vague
arranged by a travel agency which books If you give me a specific date for the party,
flights and accommodation for you I’ll take a day off work to help you with the
Going on package holidays is cheaper than preparations.
booking flights and hotel rooms separately. l specifically (adv), specify (v)
Æ Æ
2.3 tantrum (n) \ tœntr´m\ 2.11 destination (n) \ÆdestI neISn\
a sudden, uncontrolled expression of the end of a journey, the place where
anger or annoyance (usually by children) someone travels to
Katie threw a tantrum because she didn’t After driving for eight hours, they finally
like the food. reached their destination.

Æ Æ
2.4 adolescence (n) \Æœd´ lesns\ 2.12 facilities (n) \f´ sIl´tiz\
the years between the ages of about 11 buildings, equipment and services used
and 16 for a particular purpose
Jamie had lots of problems during The school has excellent facilities.
adolescence.
l adolescent (n) 2.13 site (n) \saIt\
location; place
Æ The Mayor visited the site to check the
2.5 assert (v) \´ s‰…t\
to state firmly; to establish progress of the works.
The factory workers are going on a strike Æ
tomorrow in an effort to assert their power. 2.14 laid-back (adj) \ÆleId bœk\
l assertive (adj) calm; relaxed; without any worries
Nothing stresses Greg out; he’s so laid-back.
Æ I wish I were like him.
2.6 resent (v) \rI zent\
to dislike something
I resent being with people I don’t like; 2.15 dusk (n) \døsk\
unfortunately at work I have no choice but the time of day before it gets dark
to put up with them. It was dusk when the hikers finally reached
l resentful (adj), resentment (n) the mountain shelter.
Opp.: dawn (n)
Æ
2.7 interference (n) \ÆInt´ fI´r´ns\
unnecessary or unwanted involvement in 2.16 personality
Æ
clash (phr)
something \Æp‰…s´ nœl´ti ÆklœS\
Our relatives’ interference in our family strong disagreement or fight caused by
affairs is getting on my nerves! different personalities
l interfere (v) I don’t get on very well with Jenny – I think
it’s just a personality clash.

 UNIT 2
 2 Travelling
Æ Æ
2.17 guarantee (n) \Ægœr´n ti…\
certainty; promise
This brand name is the best guarantee of
quality.
l guarantee (v)
Æ Æ
2.18 budget (n) \ bødZ´t\
the amount of money that you have to
spend on something
We can buy a couple of souvenirs; we
haven’t exceeded our budget.
l budget (v)
2.19 resounding
Æ
(adj) (only used before a
noun) \rI zaUndIN\
complete (often in the phrase ‘a
resounding success/failure’)
The resounding success of the new product
earned the marketing manager a very good
raise.
Æ
2.20 resort (n) \rI zO…t\
an area which is a popular tourist
destination
Porto Heli is a famous Greek resort.
Æ can travel around Europe by train using a
2.21 Down Under (n) \ÆdaUn ønd´\
Australia and New Zealand
My cousin has been living in Australia for
a couple of years; he says there’s no better
place in the world than Down Under.
Æ a cheap hostel for young people
2.22 gap year (phr) \ gœp ÆjI´\
a year in between the last year of
secondary school and the first year
of college or university, usually spent
travelling or working
Prince William worked on a farm in Brazil
during his gap year.
Æ
2.23 a thumbs down (exp) \´ ÆTømz daUn\
an expression of disapproval
The teacher’s suggestion of a school trip
to the archaeological museum met with a
thumbs down from the whole class.
l thumb (n)
Æ Our train leaves from Platform 9.
2.24 leisurely (adj) \ leZ´li\
relaxed; slow
Don’t you just love the leisurely pace of life
in the village?
l leisure (n), leisurely (adv)
2.25 scenic (adj) \ si…nIk\
beautiful; picturesque
The route from Volos to the top of Mount
Pelion is particularly scenic.
l scenery (n)
2.26 holiday rep (n) \ hÅlIdeI Ærep\
a holiday representative; a person
representing a travel agency to whom you
turn if a problem arises
Katy works as a holiday rep for Grecian
Holidays in Crete in the summer.
l representative
(n), represent (v),
representation (n)
Æ
2.27 broaden (v) \ brO…dn\
to widen; to increase the size of
You should spend some time abroad; it will
help you to broaden your horizons.
l broad (adj), breadth (n)
Grammar 1 Page 20
Æ
2.28 interrailing (n) \ Int´ÆreIlIN\
If a young person goes interrailing, they
special ticket.
When I finished school, my friend Lily and I
went interrailing for a month.
Æ
2.29 youth hostel (n) \ ju…T ÆhÅstl\
The first time I went to Paris we couldn’t
afford a hotel and so we stayed at the YMCA
youth hostel.
Vocabulary Page 21
Æ
2.30 carriage (n) \ kœrIdZ\
one of the sections on a train
The new train has only two carriages.
Æ
2.31 Platform (n) \ plœtÆfO…m\
the area where you stand while waiting to
board a train
Æ
2.32 departure lounge (phr) \dI pA…tS´ ÆlaUndZ\
the area at an airport where passengers
wait until it is time to get on the plane
We showed our boarding passes, took a walk
around the duty free shops and then went to
sit in the departure lounge.
UNIT 2 
 2 Travelling
Æ
2.33 sail (n) \seIl\ 2.41 collocation (n) \ÆkÅl´ keISn\
the large piece of material on the mast collocations are combinations of words
of a sailing boat against which the wind often used together
blows so that the boat moves along The phrase ‘sports car’ is a collocation.
The wind was so strong that it tore the sails l collocate (v)
off our boat.
l sail (v), sailing (n), sailor (n)
Æ Listening Page 22
2.34 runway (n) \ rønweI\
the long strip of land which aeroplanes 2.42 quay (n) \ki…\
take off from and land on the place where ships stop to load or
The huge plane taxied to the end of the unload people or goods
runway before coming to a complete halt. Lots of people like to stroll on the quay on
warm summer evenings.
Æ
2.35 voyage (n) \ vOIIdZ\ Æ
a long journey, usually by boat (or 2.43 attraction (n) \´ trœkSn\
spacecraft) a place of interest
In the past, voyages across the Atlantic There are lots of tourist attractions in this
lasted months. part of the city.
l attract(v), attractive (adj),
l voyager (n)
unattractive (adj)
2.36 rails (n) \reIlz\
the metal tracks which trains move on
Look! That man is standing on the rails and Speaking Page 23
the train is approaching! Æ
2.44 capture (v) \ kœptS´\
l railway (n) to catch
Æ Photos are so nice because they manage to
2.37 see someone off (phr v) \Æsi… sømwøn ÆÅf\ capture a moment in time which we later
to go with someone to the place they are love to remember.
leaving from and say goodbye to them
there 2.45 get away
Æ
from (phr v)
My parents came to the airport to see me off \Æget ´ weI fr´m, frÅm\
when I was leaving for London. to manage to escape from
Æ The bank robbers got away from the police
2.38 speed up (phr v) \Æspi…d øp\ as someone was waiting for them on the
to go faster coast with a speedboat.
The police car speeded up and soon caught Æ
up with the thieves in the stolen car. 2.46 ideal (adj) \aI dI´l\
Opp.: slow down (phr v) perfect; the best possible; without fault
We found the ideal place for a picnic near
2.39 check in (at Æan airport, hotel, clinic, a waterfall.
etc) (phr v) \ tSek ÆIn\ l ideally (adv)
to show your ticket and get a boarding Æ
pass before your flight; to give your name 2.47 response (n) \rI spÅns\
and details before staying at a hotel or answer; reaction
clinic My team’s project met with an enthusiastic
You must be at the airport at least one hour response from our manager.
before departure time in order to check in. l respond (v)
Opp.: check out (v)

Æ
2.40 decrease (v) \di… kri…s\ Reading 2 Pages 24 and 25
to cut down; to reduce Æ
2.48 dog sledding (n) \ dÅg ÆsledIN\
The number of students at the school is
decreasing year by year.
a sport where dogs pull a sleigh (sled in
American English)
Opp.: increase (v)
In the past, dog sledding was the only way
to travel in Alaska in the winter.

10 UNIT 2
 2 Travelling
2.49 cross-country
Æ
skiing (n) 2.57 trail (n) \treIl\
\ÆkrÅs Ækøntri ski…IN\
a type of skiing where skiers ski across flat
land rather than downhill
In Norway, people go cross-country skiing
in the winter rather than alpine skiing,
which is skiing down mountains.
Æ
2.50 reindeer (n) \ reInÆdI´\
a large deer-like animal found in
Northern European countries, said to
pull Father Christmas’ sleigh
Reindeers are endangered species
nowadays and their hunting is not allowed.
Æ
2.51 spectacular (adj) \spek tœkjUl´\
impressive; magnificent; fantastic
The view from the top of the cliff was
spectacular.
l spectacle (n)
2.52 globe (n) \gl´Ub\
the world; the Earth
Millions of people around the globe
demonstrated yesterday against the war.
l global (adj), globally (adv)
Æ speed. What an impressive descent!
2.53 challenge (n) \ tSœl´ndZ\
a test or trial of something new and
difficult which requires a lot of effort
Tom became manager in his department
and sees that as a great challenge.
l challenging (adj)
2.54 flock (v) \flÅk\
to gather; to go to a place in large
numbers
When multiscreen cinemas first opened,
people flocked there because it was all so
new and exciting.
l flock (n)
2.55 slope (n) \sl´Up\
the side of a hill or mountain
Skiers go down the slopes of the mountain
at great speed.
Æ join us?
2.56 appeal (n) \´ pi…l\
the attraction or beauty of something
The greatest appeal of this hotel is the fact
that it is so close to the beach.
l appealto (v), appealing (adj),
unappealing (adj)
a pathway
It’s a very difficult mountain to go hiking
on; some of the trails to the top are
extremely difficult to follow.
2.58 ski mountaineering
Æ
(n)
\Æski… maUnt´ nI´rIN\
a sport where you explore a mountain on
skis
People in Switzerland and Canada are
quite keen on ski mountaineering since
there are plenty of mountains and a lot of
snow for most of the year!
l mountaineering (n), mountaineer (n)
Æ
2.59 cable car (n) \ keIbl ÆkA…\
a vehicle pulled by a moving cable which
takes people up and down mountains
I enjoyed the easy ride on the cable car to
the top of the slope; skiing down the slope,
though, was a completely different story!
2.60 at breakneckÆ speed (phr)
\´t ÆbreIknek spi…d\
dangerously fast
Diana went down the slope at breakneck
2.61 treat
Æ
oneself to something (phr)
\ tri…t wønÆself t´ ÆsømTIN\
to do something that you enjoy even
though it might not be very good for you
On Sunday evenings, I usually treat myself
to a long, hot, relaxing bath.
l treat (v), treatment (n)
2.62 carve (v) \kA…v\
to make shapes or pictures on wood
Some children had carved their names on
the tree.
l carving (n)
2.63 rink (n) \rINk\
a place for ice- or roller-skating
We’re going to check out the new roller-
skating rink downtown; would you like to
Æ
2.64 daredevil (n) \ de´Ædevl\
someone who does physically dangerous
things
Indiana Jones was a daredevil who spent
his life looking for adventure.
l dare (v), daring (adj)
UNIT 2 11
 2 Travelling
Æ Æ Æ
2.65 wilderness (n) \ wIld´n´s\ 2.73 dinghy (n) \ dINi, dINgi\
a place away from towns and cities such a small open boat
as a desert or jungle After spending 10 days in a dinghy, they
Cheeta the Chimpanzee was used to living were finally rescued by the coast guard.
in the zoo and wouldn’t be able to survive
in the wilderness.
Æ Writing Page 28
2.66 log cabin (n) \ÆlÅg kœbIn\ Æ
a small wooden house 2.74 porter (n) \ pO…t´\
When we reached the mountain resort, we someone who carries luggage in a hotel
discovered that what they had advertised as We usually give a tip to the porter who
a luxurious chalet was really a log cabin carries our luggage up to our room.
without heating!
2.75 maid (n) \meId\
Æ someone who makes the beds and cleans
2.67 glacier (n) \ glœsi´\
a large piece of ice which floats on water the rooms in a hotel
The glaciers are melting and the villages at I asked the maid for some clean towels as
the foot of the mountain might flood. she had forgotten to bring some.
Æ
2.68 vow (v) \vaU\ 2.76 filthy (adj) \ fIlTi\
to swear; to promise very dirty
When he found out what they had done to Having played in the mud for an hour, my
his family, he vowed to take revenge. kids looked very happy but absolutely filthy!
l vow (n) l filth (n)
Æ 2.77 plot (n) \plÅt\
2.69 wanderer (n) \ wÅnd´r´\
someone who travels around without story line; narrative
settling in a place The film was very well made with a very
In the 60s it was quite common to see people interesting plot that kept you on the edge of
who lived their lives as wanderers. your seat till the end.
l wander (v)
Workbook
Grammar 2 Page 26 2.78 cause a stir (exp) \ÆkO…z ´ st‰…\
Æ
Æ to cause great excitement or shock
2.70 familiar (adj) \f´ mIli´\
well-known; common When Maria dyed her hair blue she caused
The voice on the phone sounded familiar. a stir among her peers.
l familiarity (n) l stir (v)
Opp.: unfamiliar (adj) Æ
2.79 tuck away (v) \Ætøk ´ weI\
to hide
Use of English Page 27 The old man tucked away his money in the
bottom of his drawer.
Æ Æ
2.71 hurricane (n) \ hørIk´n, hørIkeIn\
Æ
a heavy storm which causes lots of 2.80 virtual (adj) \ v‰…tSU´l\
damage almost, but not exactly the same
The hurricane hit the west coast of the Virtual reality games are becoming very
United States, causing extensive damage. popular.
l virtually (adv)
2.72 mast (n) \mA…st\
a long pole that supports the sails of the
boat
In the old days, pirates used to hang their
prisoners from the mast.

12 UNIT 2
 2 Travelling
Æ
2.81 obscurity (n) \´b skjU´r´ti\
the state of being known by very few
people
They lived in obscurity, in a provincial
town, far away from the world’s media.
l obscure (adj)
Opp.: fame (n)

Æ
2.82 charming (adj) \ tSA…mIN\
very attractive; pretty
Waddington is one of the most charming
villages in the north of England.
l charm (n), charmed (adj)
Æ
2.83 awash with (adj) \´ wÅS wID, wiT\
full of
The streets were awash with football fans
celebrating the victory of their team.
Æ
2.84 Kiwi (n) \ ki…wi…\
a person from New Zealand
Most Kiwis are very proud of the fact that
The Lord of the Rings trilogy was filmed in
New Zealand.
Æ
2.85 balmy (adj) \ bA…mi\
fairly warm
It was a balmy spring evening and we
decided to go for a walk on the beach.
Æ
2.86 gabled (adj) \ geIbld\
If a building is gabled, the part of the
wall just below the roof has a triangular
shape.
The gabled cottages sat at the centre of the
village next to the old post office.
l gable (n)

2.87 ridge (n) \rIdZ\

a narrow piece of raised land
The land here isn’t totally flat; it has quite a
lot of ridges which make the crossing from
one side to the other a bit difficult.

UNIT 2 13
 3 Technology
Technology
Reading 1 Page 32 and 33
Æ
3.1 prediction (n) \prI dIkSn\
something that you say that you think
will happen in the future
Our teacher’s prediction years ago that
Thomas was going to be very successful
came true; he’s got his own company and is
making a lot of money.
l predict
(v), predictable (adj),
unpredictable (adj)
Æ Æ
3.2 commonplace (adj) \ kÅm´nÆpleIs\
ordinary; common
Owning a computer is extremely
commonplace nowadays.
Æ Æ
3.3 radical (adj) \ rœdIkl\
extreme; drastic
Over the past few years there has been
radical change in the way people around
the world communicate.
l radically (adv)
Æ safely as it bleeps when you’re about to hit
3.4 aspect (n) \ œspekt\
area; part
The Internet has affected almost every
aspect of my working life.
3.5 have in Æstore for someone (phr) The new born baby had tiny fingers; it was
\Æhœv In stO… f´ Æsømwøn\
If something is in store for someone, it
means that something which they have
never experienced before, or which might
come as a shock, is going to happen to
them in the future.
James is going to study Philosophy in
Germany; I wonder what experiences this
country has in store for him!
3.6 catch Æup with someone (phr v) 3.14 live (adv) \laIv\
\ÆkœtS øp wID Æsømwøn\
to manage to get the chance to talk to
someone you haven’t seen for some time
I’m so glad I caught up with Helen last
night; I hadn’t seen her for ages!
Æ
3.7 major (adj) \ meIdZ´\
important; significant
There have been major changes in the
government insurance policy.
l majority (n)
14 UNIT 3
Æ
3.8 decade (n) \ dekeId\
a period of 10 years
The 60s were a great decade for the music
industry.
Æ
3.9 navigation (n) \ÆnœvI geISn\
the skill of directing the course of a ship
or aircraft
Navigation through the Corinth canal is
difficult as it is very narrow.
l navigate (v)
3.10 beacon (n) \ bi…k´n\
a warning light for ships and aircraft
The signal coming from the beacon warned
the captain of shallow waters ahead.
3.11 microsensor (n) \ maIkr´UÆsens´\
a microscopic device which reacts to
changes in certain physical conditions,
such as light, and provides information
The new Volvo model is equipped with a
microsensor which helps you park your car
something!
l sense (v)
Æ
3.12 tiny (adj) \ taIni\
extremely small; microscopic
so lovely!
Æ
3.13 implant (v) \Im plA…nt\
to insert (usually into the body by means
of a medical operation)
Maybe in the future doctors will find a way
to successfully implant artificial hearts into
humans.
l implant (n)
If something is broadcast live on
television or radio, it is shown at exactly
the same time as it happens.
The match is going to be broadcast live
tonight at 9.00pm.
l live (adj)
Opp.: pre-recorded (adj)
 3 Technology
Æ Æ
3.15 cybernetics (n) \ÆsaIb´ netIks\ 3.22 drawback (n) \ drO…Æbœk\
the field of science which studies control disadvantage
and communication by comparing living The only drawback to living in the
and man-made systems countryside is that there aren’t many
A team of students at the department of cultural events happening nearby.
cybernetics at the university are trying to Opp.: advantage (n)
develop an electronic machine that can
Æ
communicate human feelings. 3.23 advance (n) \´d vA…ns\
progress; development
3.16 chip (n) \tSIp\ Digital cameras are a major advance in the
the part of a computer (made from field of photography.
silicon) which forms part of a computer l advance (v)
system
Scientists have developed a new chip which
stores 10 times more information than the Grammar 1 Page 34
old one. Æ
3.24 set up (phr v) \Æset øp\
Æ to put a device together so that it works
3.17 cyborg (n) \ saIÆbO…g\
a being which is partly human and partly Adam set up his new DVD first and then we
machine or a machine that looks like a watched a film together.
human being
Have you seen that film called Blade
Runner? It was about cyborgs. Vocabulary Page 35

Æ 3.25 (light) bulb (n) \ (laIt) bølb\

3.18 shudder (v) \ Sød´\
to shake with fear or because you are cold
Discussing the thriller we had seen, we
shuddered at the thought of a mad man
coming into our house.
l shudder (n)
Æ the part of the fridge where food is kept
3.19 iris pattern (n) \ aI´rIs Æpœt(´)n\
the unique print of the coloured part of
the human eye
Unless the special device recognises your iris
pattern, you can’t enter the room.
Æ Æ
3.20 digital (adj) \ dIdZItl\
A digital instrument, such as a camera or
a watch, can store electronic information,
such as sound or pictures.
Digital cameras have become quite
affordable nowadays.
l digit (n)
Æ connects an electrical appliance to the
3.21 checkout (n) \ tSekaUt\
the counter at the supermarket where we
pay
We’ve only got a few things so we can go to
the express checkout.
a glass object that you put in an electric
lamp to produce light
There’s no light in the bathroom; we need a
new light bulb.
Æ
3.26 freezer (n) \ fri…z´\
at a very low temperature for a long time
Martha stores food in the freezer and then
defrosts it in a microwave oven as she has
no time to cook.
l freeze (v)
3.27 kettle (n) \ ketl\
an electrical appliance which is used for
boiling water
Put the kettle on to make some tea.
3.28 plug (n) \pløg\
a metal object on the end of a wire which
electricity supply
Greek plugs have two pins while most
English plugs have three.
l plug something in (phr v), unplug (v)
Æ
3.29 socket (n) \ sÅkIt\
a point on the wall where an electrical
appliance is plugged in
We had to get adaptors for all our
appliances when we went to the UK because
the plugs and sockets are different there.

UNIT 3 15
 3 Technology
Æ Æ
3.30 toaster (n) \ t´Ust´\ 3.39 agriculture (n) \ œgrIÆkøltS´\
an electrical appliance used for toasting farming
bread The country is very reliant on agriculture
Put some more bread in the toaster; there and exports quite a lot of agricultural
won’t be enough for everybody. products.
l agriculturalist (n), agricultural (adj)
Æ
3.31 vacuum cleaner (n) \ vœkjU´m Ækli…n´\ Æ
an electrical appliance which is used to 3.40 efficient (adj) \I fISnt\
clean the floors and carpets effective; productive
l vacuum (v) Alison is extremely efficient in her job;
that’s why her manager can always count
Æ on her.
3.32 break down (phr v) \ÆbreIk daUn\
(for machines or cars) to stop working l efficiently (adv), efficiency (n)
She had to buy a new vacuum cleaner Æ
because the old one broke down. 3.41 handy (adj) \ hœndi\
useful or convenient
Æ This dictionary is a handy reference book.
3.33 come on (phr v) \Ækøm Ån\
to develop; to make progress l come in handy (phr)
How’s the project coming on? When are you Æ
going to have it ready? 3.42 revolutionary (adj) \Ærev´ lu…Sn(´)ri\
new; different; groundbreaking
Æ
3.34 come up with (phr v) \Ækøm øp wID, wIT\ The Internet was a revolutionary
to think of something; to have an idea invention; it’s totally changed the way
They came up with the idea of turning people around the world communicate.
their spare room into an office. l revolution (n)
Æ Æ
3.35 cut off (phr v) \Ækøt Åf\ 3.43 gadget (n) \ gœdZIt\
to stop the electricity supply, usually a small device which is not essential but
because someone hasn’t paid their bill; to might be very useful
disconnect Mr Pope next door keeps buying all kinds of
We had our phone cut off because we just gadgets; his latest purchase is a pocket-sized
couldn’t afford to pay the huge phone bill. computer.

Æ
3.36 put something in (phr v) \ÆpUt ÆsømTIN In\
to install Reading 2 Pages 38 and 39
She called a professional to put the new Æ
3.44 safety pin (n) \ seIfti ÆpIn\
cooker in. a metal pin used for fastening things
together
Listening Page 36
Ooops! I’ve just lost my button! Have you got
a safety pin I can borrow?
Æ Æ
3.37 obsolete (adj) \ Åbs´Æli…t, ÆÅbs´ li…t\ Æ
outdated; old-fashioned; no longer used 3.45 version (n) \ v‰…Sn\
Over the past few years typewriters have a type of something which is different
become obsolete; nowadays everyone’s from the original
using word processors. Make sure you get the latest, updated
version of the travel guide; the one I have is
Æ five years old.
3.38 groundbreaking (adj) \ graUndÆbreIkIN\
new and revolutionary Æ
The first Star Wars was a groundbreaking 3.46 adapt (v) \´ dœpt\
film in terms of visual effects. to change; to modify; to adjust
They have adapted the novel and are now
making it into a TV series.
l adaptation (n), adaptable (adj)

16 UNIT 3
 3 Technology

3.47 take somethingÆ for granted (phr) 3.55 grant (v) \grA…nt\
\ÆteIk ÆsømTIN f´ grA…ntId\
If you take something for granted, you
accept the way things are without really
appreciating or considering them.
Nowadays we tend to take things for
granted but as recently as forty years ago
people were still very poor.
Æ a thin biscuit often eaten with ice cream
3.48 numerous (adj) \ nju…m´r´s\
many in number; plentiful
There were numerous complaints to the
hotel manager about the cleanliness of the
rooms.
3.49 debt (n) \det\
the amount of money that you owe to
someone
James has been deeply in debt ever since he
took out that loan; he hasn’t been able to
pay it back.
l indebted (adj)
3.50 coil (v) \kOIl\
to turn something into the shape of a
ring
This is how you tie a knot: you coil the rope
in the middle, bring one end through the
loop and then you pull the two ends.
3.51 shield (v) \Si…ld\
to protect; to cover
He brought his hand over his eyes to shield
them from the bright sunlight.
l shield (n)
Æ to understand; to work out
3.52 hey presto (exp) \ÆheI prest´U\
what magicians say at the end of a
successful trick to show how their trick
has worked
Ali Bongo opened the box and – hey presto!
– instead of my diamond engagement ring
there sat a beautiful white rabbit!
Æ in.
3.53 brainwave (n) \ breInÆweIv\
a clever idea
I wonder if my brainwave of left-handed
scissors will ever make me a millionaire.
Æ wood or stone
3.54 emigrate (v) \ emIgreIt\
to move to another country
A lot of Greeks emigrated to Australia at the
beginning of the century.
l emigrant (n), emigration (n)
to give
After he had shown his special ID card,
they granted him permission to enter the
building.
l grant (n)
Æ
3.56 wafer (n) \ weIf´\
‘I’ll have two ice cream wafers and a
strawberry lolly, please.’
Æ
3.57 pastry (n) \ peIstri\
a mixture of flour, water and fat (or oil)
which is used to make pies and tarts
I never make my own pastry for tarts and
pies – it’s too much effort – so I buy it fresh
from the supermarket.
Æ
3.58 undeterred (adj) \ÆøndI t‰…d\
If someone is undeterred, they continue
to do something even though they might
not be achieving any results.
He had been looking for a job for months
without success; however, undeterred, he
kept sending out CVs.
l deter (v), deterrent (adj)
Æ
3.59 royalties (n plural) \ rOI´ltiz\
the payments made to authors, inventors,
etc when their work is sold
J.K. Rowling earns millions of pounds every
year from the royalties on her Harry Potter
books.
Æ
3.60 figure out (phr v) \ÆfIg´r aUt\
Haven’t you figured out how to use your
new mobile phone yet?
3.61 seal (v) \si…l\
to close the top of something so that
what is inside cannot get out
She sealed the envelope with the documents
l seal (n)
Æ
3.62 chisel (n) \ tSIzl\
a sharp tool which is used for cutting
The sculptor used a chisel to make the piece
of marble into the shape of a man.

UNIT 3 17
 3 Technology
Æ
3.63 devise (v) \dI vaIz\
to come up with an idea for a plan/ Workbook
Æ
machine; to invent something 3.71 one of a kind (exp) \Æwøn ´v ´ kaInd\
Bill Gates devised a new marketing policy unique; the best example of something
for selling Windows. He is an extremely gifted child as well as
tender, polite and friendly; truly one of a
kind.
Grammar 2 Page 40 Æ
Æ 3.72 isolated (adj) \ aIs´ÆleItId\
3.64 detect (v) \dI tekt\ cut off, lonely (for people); remote (for
to spot; to find; to discover places)
The doctor detected a problem with Alf’s
When he moved to a different area, he
heart and asked him to do a series of tests.
became completely isolated from all his
l detective (n), undetected (adj) friends.
Æ l isolate (v), isolation (n)
3.65 infra-red (adj) \ÆInfr´ red\
If a light is infra-red, it cannot be seen. Æ
3.73 commute (v) \k´ mju…t\
You need special equipment to detect infra- to travel to work
red radiation.
He lives in the suburbs so he commutes to
Æ the city every day.
3.66 light beam (phr) \ laIt Æbi…m\ l commuter (n)
a line of light
In modern lifts a light beam is used to open Æ
3.74 enable (v) \In eIbl\
and close the door.
to give the opportunity to someone; to
make something possible
Use of English Page 41
This mobile phone enables you to talk on
two lines at the same time.
Æ Æ
3.67 pop something in (phr v) \ pÅp ÆsømTIN In\ l able (adj), ability (n)
to put something somewhere quickly Opp.: disable (v), disability (n)
She popped the chicken in the oven and it
was ready in no time. 3.75 trend (n) \trend\
a fashion
3.68 do something from scratch (exp) The latest trend calls for jeans and military
Æ boots.
\Ædu… ÆsømTIN fr´m skrœtS\
to start from the very beginning l trendy (adj)
My computer crashed and as I hadn’t saved Æ
any of my files, I lost everything and had to 3.76 impact (n) \ Impœkt\
start from scratch. the sudden and powerful effect that one
thing has on another; the consequences
The war in the Middle East has had a
Writing Page 42 negative impact on the price of oil.
3.69 times (conj) \taImz\ Æ
3.77 purification (n) \ÆpjU´rIfI keISn\
multiplied by (shown by the the act of making something (usually
mathematical symbol x) water) clean again
Three times two equals six (3 x 2 = 6). This is a new water purification device that
Æ can be fitted to the tap.
3.70 beneficial (adj) \ÆbenI fISl\ l pure (adj), purify (v)
useful; helpful Opp.: contamination (n)
Rain is beneficial to plants.
l benefit (v), (n)

18 UNIT 3
 4 Money

Money
Æ
Reading 1 Pages 44 and 45
4.9 invest (v) \In vest\
to put money into a business
Æ
4.1 get by (phr v) \Æget baI\ Some years ago, a lot of people invested
to manage; to cope; to survive large sums of money in the Stock Exchange
The family managed to get by on and lost it all when it crashed.
unemployment benefit. l investor(n), investment (n)
Æ Æ
4.2 well off (adj) \Æwel Åf\ 4.10 extend (v) \Ik stend\
wealthy; having enough money to make longer or bigger; to expand
We are quite well off thanks to my father’s After the couple had had three children,
business; we have no complaints. they decided to extend the house to make a
new room.
Æ l extended (adj), extension (n),
4.3 badly off (adj) \Æbœdli Åf\
poor; not having enough money extensive (adj)
After Mr Black lost his job at the factory, the
family are quite badly off. 4.11 set (adj) \set\
Opp.: well off (adj) fixed; definite; established
There are also set menus for two, four or six
Æ people at this restaurant.
4.4 hacking (n) \ hœkIN\
breaking into a computer system Æ
Hacking is illegal; if you get caught, you 4.12 go for it (exp) \ g´U f´r It\
could go to jail. to try something; to go ahead with it and
l hacker (n), hack into (v) do it
Do you want to set up your own business? I
Æ say, go for it! You’ll never know if you don’t
4.5 passion (n) \ pœSn\
try!
strong interest, enthusiasm, fascination
We share a passion for good music. Æ
4.13 entrepreneur (n) \ÆÅntr´pr´ n‰…\
l passionate (adj), passionately (adv)
a businessman/businesswoman who has
Æ new ideas about business
4.6 impress (v) \Im pres\ Bill Gates is probably the world’s most
to cause someone to admire you successful entrepreneur.
The children decided to redecorate the
classroom for Christmas in an effort to
impress the head teacher.
l impressed (adj), impression (n), Grammar 1 Page 46
impressive (adj), unimpressed (adj) 4.14 pinch (v) \pIntS\
Æ to squeeze the skin with the fingers
4.7 focus (n) \ f´Uk´s\ The little boy hit his sister and she pinched
special attention; target; centre; focal him hard on the arm in return.
point
The focus of the school event was the
environment and different ways of Vocabulary Page 47
protecting it. Æ
l focus (v) 4.15 discount (n) \ dIskaUnt\
a reduction in the price of something
Æ During the January sales, there are
4.8 dedication (n) \ÆdedI keISn\
hard work; commitment discounts on a huge range of products..
His dedication to the company was never Æ
questioned. 4.16 washing powder (n) \ wÅSIN ÆpaUd´\
l dedicate (v), dedicated (adj) a powder or liquid which is used to wash
clothes
Put some washing powder in the washing
machine before you press start!

UNIT 4 19
 4 Money
Æ Æ
4.17 cashpoint (n) \ kœS ÆpOInt\ 4.25 expenses (n plural) \Ik spensIz\
an automatic machine outside a bank the amount of money that an employee
from which you can take cash using your is given to pay for food, travel and
cash card accommodation while they are away on
She went to the cashpoint to get some business
money and then she went shopping for I work away from home a lot and have all
clothes. my expenses paid by the company.
Æ l expensive (adj), inexpensive (adj)
4.18 currency (n) \ kør´nsi\
the money used in a particular country
The Euro is the new European currency. Listening Page 48
Æ Æ
4.19 bargain (n) \ bA…gIn\ 4.26 allowance (n) \´ laU´ns\
something you buy that costs a lot less pocket money
than normal When I got bad marks at school, my parents
cut my weekly allowance for a month.
The wooden coffee table I bought was a true
bargain; after a polish it looked brand new!
l bargain (v) 4.27 chores (n) \tSO…z\
small jobs that are done around the house
Æ Mopping the floor is one of the chores that I
4.20 refund (n) \ ri…fønd\
don’t mind; but I hate ironing!
an amount of money that is returned
when you are not happy with something
that you have bought or paid for
As the hotel was not up to the standard
Reading 2 Pages 50 and 51
advertised in the brochure, we asked for a 4.28 firm (adj) \f‰…m\
refund. definite; unlikely to change
l refund (v) My parents have very firm ideas about
bringing up children; I don’t think anything
4.21 do without
Æ
something (phr v) you can say can change their minds.
\Ædu… wID aUt ÆsømTIN\ l firmly (adv), firmness (n)
to manage without something Æ
He watches television for five hours every 4.29 logo (n) \ l´Ug´U\
day; he wouldn’t be able to do without it. a design which represents a particular
Æ Æ company
4.22 come into (phr) \Ækøm Int´, IntU\ The Nike logo, although simply a tick, is
to receive money from someone who has very distinctive and easily recognised.
died; to inherit Æ
When Jackie’s uncle died, she came into 4.30 potential (adj) \p´ tenSl\
a lot of money and moved to a villa in the possible; likely
suburbs. The Smiths are selling their house and I’ve
Æ Æ heard they’ve had offers from two potential
4.23 finance (n) \ faInœns, faI nœns\ buyers already.
economics; banking; financial business l potential (n), potentially (adv)
My husband works in finance – he’s an
investment banker in the City. Æ
4.31 legitimate (adj) \lI dZItIm´t\
l finance(v), financial (adj), correct or acceptable according to the law
financially (adv) People thought that the two estate agents
Æ were criminals but, as it turned out, their
4.24 commerce (n) \ kÅm‰…s\ agency was completely legitimate.
trade; the act of buying and selling things l legitimately (adv), legitimacy (n)
The government has taken a pretty laid- Opp.: illegitimate (adj)
back approach to the needs of commerce
and industry. Æ
4.32 annual (adj) \ œnju´l\
l commercial (adj), commercialise (v) happening yearly
What’s your annual income?
l annually (adv)

20 UNIT 4
 4 Money
Æ Æ
4.33 income (n) \ Inkøm\ 4.41 gullible (adj) \ gøl´bl\
the amount of money that someone If you are gullible, you are likely to
makes from working; earnings believe everything that someone says, no
Their monthly income has doubled after matter how ridiculous or silly it is.
Dina started working again. Don’t be so gullible! Of course he didn’t see
little green men in his back yard!
Æ
4.34 estimate (v) \ estIÆmeIt\ l gullibility (n)
to calculate the amount of something; to Æ
guess 4.42 corporate (adj) \ kO…p(´)r´t\
It is estimated that next year the level of relating to a large company
unemployment will have risen even more. He handles all corporate finance and that’s
l estimate (n) why he is so well paid.
l corporation (n)
Æ
4.35 executive (n) \Ig zekjUtIv\ Æ
a director or manager of a company 4.43 mature (adj) \m´ tSU´\
All the executives have a meeting tomorrow; grown-up; fully grown; sensible
they’ll make some important decisions Jenny’s son is very mature for his age.
regarding the future of the company. l maturity (n)
l executive (adj)
Æ
4.36 cradle-to-grave (adj) \ÆkreIdl t´ greIv\
comes from the expression ‘from
Grammar 2 Page 52
the cradle to the grave’ which means 4.44 share (n) \Se´\
throughout life; from birth to death a part of something
The parent-child relationship is a cradle-to- Jake and his brother have equal shares in
grave relationship. the family business.
Æ l share (v), shares (n)
4.37 brand loyalty (phr) \Æbrœnd lOI´lti\
If you have brand loyalty, you trust one
particular brand of product and buy it Use of English Page 53
regularly. Æ
Brand loyalty on the part of the consumers 4.45 large-scale (adj) \ÆlA…dZ skeIl\
is what marketing managers struggle to If an event is large scale, it is usually large
achieve. and involves many people.
The police launched a large-scale
Æ manhunt.
4.38 killjoy (n) \ kIlÆdZOI\
someone who spoils the fun for other Æ
people; a spoilsport 4.46 sophisticated (adj) \s´ fIstIÆkeItId\
Stop being a killjoy; let’s go dancing! educated and knowledgeable about
Everybody else is going! something
Mary is very sophisticated; she reads a lot
Æ
4.39 susceptible to (adj) \s´ sept´bl t´, tU\ of literature, likes going to the cinema and
likely to be influenced by something the theatre plus she knows everything about
Children are very susceptible to advertising the latest fashion.
nowadays. l sophistication (n)
l susceptibility(n) Æ
Æ 4.47 factor (n) \ fœkt´\
4.40 sceptical (adj) \ skeptIkl\ an element; an aspect
doubtful, disbelieving A number of factors determined the
The scientist published an impressive outcome of the game.
new theory regarding the creation of our
universe but those in academic circles are Æ
4.48 purchase (v) \ p‰…tS´s\
very sceptical about it. to buy
With the money they had inherited they
purchased a plot of land on the coast.
l purchase (n)

UNIT 4 21
 4 Money
Æ
4.49 ultimate (adj) \ øltIm´t\
final; eventual
The athlete’s ultimate goal has always been
to take part in the Olympic Games.
l ultimately (adv)

Workbook
Æ
4.50 tracksuit (n) \ trœkÆsu…t\
a loose cotton sweater and trousers that
people wear when exercising or relaxing
My kids never wear anything smart; just
tracksuits and trainers all day!
Æ
4.51 hair slide (n) \ he´ ÆslaId\
a small metal or plastic clip that is used to
hold the hair in place
In this shop you can find anything from
hair slides to scarves and hats.
Æ
4.52 scooter (n) \ sku…t´\
a type of child’s bicycle; a light
motorcycle with a low seat
Ian wanted a scooter for his 17th birthday
but his parents thought it was dangerous, so
they got him a mountain bike instead.
Æ
4.53 attitude (n) \ œtIÆtju…d\
opinion of something; behaviour towards
someone
Ever since his teacher told him off, Jim’s
attitude towards school has changed.
Æ
4.54 consideration (n) \k´nÆsId´ reISn\
careful thought
They wanted to move closer to the city but
the high rents there was an important
consideration.
l consider (v), considerate (adj)
Æ
4.55 DIY (n) \Ædi… aI waI\
do-it-yourself – the activity of repairing
or decorating your home yourself
He’s very good at DIY – he fitted a new
bathroom last summer and plans to put in a
new kitchen.

22 UNIT 4
 5 Leisure

Leisure
Æ
Reading 1 Pages 58 and 59
5.8 A level (n) \ eI Ælevl\
educational qualification necessary for
5.1 pool (n) \pu…l\ university
a game for two players whose aim is to Some British universities require at least
hit different coloured balls into holes on four A levels before they accept you on a BA
a table course.
They spend a lot of time in the youth centre Æ
playing pool. 5.9 concern (n) \k´n s‰…n\
something that worries you
Æ
5.2 restrict (v) \rI strIkt\ She expressed concern about his absence
to limit; to confine; to restrain that day; she thought he might be ill.
Having a baby restricts a parent’s social life l concerned (adj)
for at least two years.
l restriction (n), restricted (adj) 5.10 ball (n) \bO…l\
a formal party
Æ
5.3 priority (n) \praI År´ti\ They met at the Journalists’ Association
something which is very important that annual ball.
must be dealt with before anything else Æ
Your top priority this year is to pass your 5.11 addictive (adj) \´ dIktIv\
university entrance exams. If something is addictive, you cannot
l prioritise (v) stop yourself doing it (smoking, drinking,
taking drugs, etc) even though you know
Æ
5.4 notoriously (adv) \n´ tO…ri´sli\ that it is bad for you.
doing something in such a way that is Chocolate is highly addictive; if you have
well known because it is bad too much of it, then you can’t live without it!
Al Capone was notoriously cruel within the l addiction (n), addict (n), addicted (adj)
Mafia. Æ
l notorious (adj) 5.12 infuriate (v) \In fjU´riÆeIt\
to make someone very angry
Æ
5.5 remarkable (adj) \rI mA…k´bl\ Her lack of manners infuriates me!
extraordinary; outstanding l furious (adj)
They showed remarkable courage during Æ
the storm. 5.13 storm off (v) \ÆstO…m Åf\
l remark (v) (n), remarkably (adv) leave a place (or walk away from
Æ someone) because you are very angry
5.6 affect (v) \´ fekt\ Sally had a huge row with Anna at the
to influence party and stormed off.
It was the northern suburbs that were mostly Æ
affected by the earthquake. 5.14 at full blast (exp) \´t ÆfUl blA…st\
l affected (adj), unaffected (adj) as loud as possible
The teenagers next door always play their
Æ
5.7 sixth-form college (n) \ÆsIksT fO…m kÅlIdZ\ favourite music at full blast; even in the
a college (not school) for students morning!
between the ages of 16 and 18 where
students usually prepare for university 5.15 track (n) \trœk\
entrance exams called A levels one of the songs on a CD, record or tape
Jenny’s kid is at sixth-form college and is All the tracks on this CD are great, but this
taking A levels in French and History. one is my favourite.
l sixth-former (n)

UNIT 5 23
 5 Leisure
Æ
5.16 exclaim (v) \Ik skleIm\
to call out; to say something loudly
because you’re excited, shocked or angry
‘Wow!’ exclaimed Malcolm. ‘That’s a
fantastic dress!’
l exclamation (n), exclamation mark (phr)
Æ
5.17 cybercafé (n) \ saIb´ÆkœfeI\
a cafe where it is possible to connect to
the Internet
Cybercafés appeared some time in the late
90s to help users connect to the web from
wherever they were.
Æ Æ
5.18 bowling alley (n) \ b´UlIN Æœli\
a building with several lanes where you
can go bowling
There is a new bowling alley in town; shall
we go and check it out after school?
5.19 multiplex cinema (n) to visit
Æ My uncle came round last night and stayed
\ÆmøltIpleks sIn´m´\
a cinema complex with a number of
different screens for showing different
films
The number of multiplex cinemas in town
has doubled in the last five years.
Æ to buy it.
5.20 socialise (v) \ s´US´ÆlaIz\
to meet people on an informal basis
She doesn’t like to socialise with her
colleagues; ‘never mix business with
pleasure’, she says.
l social (adj), sociable (adj)
Æ
5.21 surrounding (adj) \s´ raUndIN\
near or all around a place
The village was beautiful and the
surrounding area looked like a tropical
jungle.
l surround (v)
Grammar 1 Page 60
Æ Æ
5.22 beforehand (adv) \bI fO…hœnd\
before you do something else; in advance
We had booked the tickets beforehand as it
was a popular play.
Æ
5.23 venue (n) \ venju…\
the place where an event is held
The new conference hall was the venue
chosen for the ball on New Year’s Eve.
24 UNIT 5
5.24 beg (v) \beg\
to ask someone for something in a strong
way which shows how much it is wanted
‘Don’t go!’ she begged. ‘Stay at least for the
children’s sake.’
Vocabulary Page 61
Æ
5.25 catch on (phr v) \ÆkœtS Ån\
to become popular
Ethnic music has really caught on in the
last few years.
5.26 come across (phr v) \Ækøm ´ krÅs\
to find by accident
The other day I came across an interesting
article in the paper.
Æ
5.27 come round (phr v) \Ækøm raUnd\
for dinner.
Æ
5.28 flick through (phr v) \ÆflIk Tru…\
to turn the pages of a book or a magazine
quickly
She flicked through the book and decided
Æ
5.29 take to (phr v) \ teIk t´, tU\
to start doing something as a regular
habit
We’ve taken to walking to work to get some
regular exercise.
Æ
5.30 take up (phr v) \ÆteIk øp\
to start a hobby or a sport
My mother has recently taken up
mountaineering; she says it keeps her fit
and healthy.
Listening Page 62
5.31 educated guess (phr) \ÆedjUkeItId ges\
a guess based on knowledge which is
more than likely to be correct
If you don’t know the answer, why don’t
you make an educated guess?
Æ
5.32 hold up (phr v) \Æh´Uld øp\
to delay
I’m so sorry if I held you up but I really
needed to ask you this.
 5 Leisure
Æ Æ
5.33 inspire (v) \In spaI´\
to encourage someone to do something
they might never have done before; to
give new ideas to
The new manager inspired her staff to work
more closely together as a team.
l inspiration (n)
Speaking Page 63
Æ Æ
5.34 Swiss army knife (n) \ÆswIs A…mi ÆnaIf\
a small knife with different tools (tin
opener, scissors, bottle opener, etc) on it
that all fold into the handle
When I go camping, I always take my Swiss
army knife with me; it’s extremely useful.
Æ
5.35 inflatable (adj) \In fleIt´bl\
If something is inflatable (a toy, a bed,
etc), it needs to be filled with air before it
can be used.
An inflatable bed can be quite useful
when lots of your children’s friends turn up
unexpectedly looking for somewhere to sleep!
l inflate (v)
Æ we had to drive very carefully.
5.36 fishing rod (n) \ fISIN ÆrÅd\
a long stick used to catch fish
My father and I used to take our fishing
rods and go fishing in the pond near our
house.
5.37 mosquito
Æ
repellent (n)
\mÅ ski…t´U rIÆpel´nt\
a special cream that you put on your skin
to keep mosquitoes away
The mosquito repellent smelled awful but it
seemed to work.
l repel (v)
Reading 2 Pages 64 and 65
Æ The boat drifted further away from the coast
5.38 rapids (n) \ rœpIdz\
a section of a river where the water flows
very fast
They nearly drowned but they eventually
managed to row the boat through the
rapids.
Æ l exhilarated
5.39 rectangular (adj) \rek tœNgjUl´\
having four straight sides and four angles
of 90 degrees
I prefer rectangular coffee tables to round
ones.
l rectangle (n)
5.40 fizzy drink (n) \ÆfIzi drINk\
a drink with bubbles and gas in it
I like fizzy drinks like lemonade and cola
but the thing is they have a lot of calories.
Æ
5.41 notion (n) \ n´USn\
a belief or idea
Despite what they might claim, most
politicians have no notion about what it
means to live in poverty.
5.42 complex (n) \ kÅmpleks\
a group of buildings designed for a
specific purpose
They’re building a leisure complex near
here where we’ll be able to do all sorts of
different activities.
5.43 steep (adj) \sti…p\
rising at a sharp angle
The rocks were steep and almost impossible
to climb.
Æ
5.44 bumpy (adj) \ bømpi\
rough
The road up to the village was bumpy and
Opp.: smooth (adj)
5.45 twist (v) \twIst\
to turn; to spin
Twist the cap to the left and it should come
off.
Æ
5.46 obstacle (n) \ Åbst´kl\
something which prevents progress or
development; a difficulty
There will always be obstacles in your way;
the secret is to think positively and do your
best to overcome them.
Æ
5.47 current (n) \ kør´nt\
the movement of water
due to the strong current.
Æ
5.48 exhilarating (adj) \Ig zIl´ÆreItIN\
very exciting
Hang-gliding for the first time was an
exhilarating experience for me.
(adj)
UNIT 5 25
 5 Leisure
5.49 boast (v) \b´Ust\
to have something good (usually
facilities) that other people admire
Their villa boasts a tennis court, a
swimming pool and a jacuzzi.
Use of English Page 67
5.50 date back
Æ
to (a particular time) (phr v)
\ÆdeIt bœk\
to have been made or have begun at that
particular time
This antique chair dates back to the early
19th century.
5.51 stall (n) \stO…l\
a large table from which goods are sold in
a public place
The Christmas fair was full of book and gift
stalls.
Writing Page 68
Æ to be closely connected
5.52 thoroughly (adv) \ Tør´li\
completely; absolutely; totally
The party was great success and we all
thoroughly enjoyed ourselves.
l thorough (adj)
5.53 rate (n) \reIt\
charge; cost; fee
If you show your student ID at the theatre,
you’ll get a reduced rate ticket.
Æ 5.62 quilt (n) \kwIlt\
5.54 take into account (v) \ÆteIk IntU ´ kaUnt\
to consider; to be aware of something
Take into account the fact that some
of your guests over Christmas might be
vegetarians.
Æ
5.55 setting (n) \ setIN\
the place where an event takes place; the
location
The wedding was held at the Carlton Hotel –
a popular venue due to its beautiful lakeside
setting.
Æ
5.56 beverage (n) \ bev(´)rIdZ\
a drink; a refreshment
No alcoholic beverages will be served at the
school party.
26 UNIT 5
Workbook
Æ
5.57 video arcade (n) \ vIdi´U A…ÆkeId\
a place where you can play video games
Jake and his friends hang around in the
video arcade every evening; they spend all
their pocket money there.
Æ
5.58 abandon (v) \´ bœnd´n\
to leave; to give up
At first he was excited about going to
London to study but then he abandoned the
whole idea.
l abandoned (adj)
Æ
5.59 unwind (v) \øn waInd\
to relax after a stressful or difficult day;
loosen up
The first thing she does when she comes
back from work is to take a bath; it helps her
unwind after a hard day at work.
5.60 go hand in hand (exp)
Æ
\Æg´U Æhœnd In hœnd\
Success and hard work go hand in hand;
unless you’re prepared for that, you won’t
make it.
Æ
5.61 a quick bite (phr) \´ ÆkwIk baIt\
a light meal; a quick snack
As I was running late for my appointment, I
had a quick bite at the office and left in a
hurry.
a cover for a bed which is often made of
lots of small pieces of cloth sewn together
My grandmother made a beautiful quilt,
which she handed down to me when I got
married.
 6 Nature

Nature
Reading 1 Pages 70 and 71
6.9 drought (n) \draUt\
a long period without rain
Æ
6.1 bottle bank (n) \ bÅtl ÆbœNk\ Farmers are afraid that if this drought
a large container where we put glass goes on for much longer, their crops will be
bottles which will be recycled completely destroyed.
The children threw the jars into the bottle Æ
bank outside the school. 6.10 inferior (adj) \In fI´ri´\
not as good as; weaker
6.2 sort (v) \sO…t\ She feels inferior to her sister because she
to put into order doesn’t make as much money as she does.
It’s time you sorted your CDs. I can’t find l inferior (n), inferiority (n)
anything! Opp.: superior (adj) (n)

Æ Æ
6.3 conserve (v) \k´n s‰…v\ 6.11 access (n) \ œkses\
to protect; to save entrance; admission
Many environmental organisations are The programmer gave me access to the
trying hard to conserve rainforests and Windows directory on my computer.
wildlife. l accessible (adj), inaccessible (adj)
l conservation (n)
6.12 course (n) \kO…s\
6.4 drip (v) \drIp\ the channel along which a river flows;
to fall in small drops (for a liquid such as route; direction
water) Developers altered the course of the river
The tap is dripping again! We must call a when they built the hydro-electric dam.
plumber.
l drip (n) 6.13 dam (n) \dœm\
Æ a wall built across a river, which keeps its
6.5 trickle (v) \ trIkl\ water in an artificial lake
to flow or move slowly (for a liquid such After the construction of the dam, the
as water) quality and quantity of the crops in the
A tear trickled down his cheek. area has improved greatly.
l trickle (n) Æ
6.14 extinct (adj) \Ik stINkt\
Æ If an animal or plant species becomes
6.6 substance (n) \ søbst´ns\
a particular type of liquid, solid or gas extinct, all of the examples of it die so
such as water that none exist anymore.
Nicotine is a substance to which people can The dodo was a species of bird that has now
become addicted. become extinct.
l substantial (adj) l extinction (n)
Æ
6.7 vast (adj) \vA…st\ 6.15 reservoir (n) \ rez´ÆvwA…\
very large; enormous; huge a lake where water is stored before it is
The Sahara is a vast area of sand. supplied to people
During the drought last year, the level of the
Æ reservoir fell by 10 metres.
6.8 adequate (adj) \ œdIkw´t\
enough; satisfactory
The actors have had an adequate number 6.16 leak (v) \li…k\
of rehearsals; they should do well tonight. If a container or an object such as a pipe
l adequately (adv) or a cup leaks, water escapes from it.
Opp.: inadequate (adj) Quick! Get a bucket. The roof is leaking!
l leak (n)

UNIT 6 27
 6 Nature
Æ Æ
6.17 shower head (n) \ SaU´Æhed\ 6.25 take apart (phr v) \ÆteIk ´ pA…t\
the part of a shower where water comes to separate something into smaller parts
out from (usually to see what it looks like on the
The shower head was broken and water inside)
was spraying all over the place so we had to I couldn’t believe my eyes when my two-
call the plumber. year-old son took the alarm clock apart
and gave it to me in pieces!
Æ
6.18 cistern (n) \ sIst´n\
the container that holds the water for 6.26 dump (v) \dømp\
flushing the toilet to throw something away carelessly
The plumber replaced the leaking cistern They dumped the old couch by the side of the
today. road, but the next morning it wasn’t there.
l dump (n)
6.19 flush (n) \fløS\ Æ
the washing or rinsing out (of a toilet) 6.27 legislation (n) \ÆledZI sleISn\
This toilet freshener smells great after each laws; official rules
flush. New legislation regarding the operation of
l flush (v) factories in residential areas is being passed
in Parliament.
Æ l legislative (adj)
6.20 evaporation (n) \IÆvœp´ reISn\
the process of a liquid changing into gas Æ
The evaporation of water happens when 6.28 component (n) \k´m p´Un´nt\
you heat it to a high temperature and it an important part or piece of something
turns into steam. There’s something wrong with the TV set;
l evaporate (v) maybe one of its components needs to be
replaced.
6.21 sweep (v) \swi…p\ Æ
to clean the floor using a broom 6.29 internal (adj) \In t‰…nl\
The cleaning lady was sweeping the stairs inner; inside
when I arrived home. The injured man suffered internal bleeding
and was taken to hospital.
l internally (adv)
Grammar 1 Page 72 Opp.: external (adj)

6.22 theory of evolution

Æ
(n)
\ÆTI´ri ´v Æi…v´ lu…Sn\
The idea, first suggested by Charles
Vocabulary Page 73
Æ
Darwin, that human beings developed 6.30 rural (adj) \ rU´r´l\
from apes. relating to the countryside rather than
According to Darwin’s theory of evolution, the city or town
humans come from apes. There aren’t any good hospitals in the rural
l evolve (v) areas of the country; people have to travel to
the big cities.
6.23 ban (n) \bœn\ Opp.: urban (adj)
the act of declaring that something is Æ
illegal or not allowed 6.31 fossil fuel (n) \ÆfÅsl fju…´l\
The government has ordered a ban on coal and oil which come from the
smoking in public places. remains of plants and animals
l ban (v) The earth is running out of fossil fuels and
in a few years time we’ll all be facing an
6.24 smash (v) \smœS\ energy crisis.
to break into small pieces Æ
Rita was so angry that she took the vase and 6.32 nature reserve (n) \ neItS´ rIÆz‰…v\
smashed it on the floor. an area where wildlife is protected
The Dadia forest in Thrace is one of
Europe’s largest nature reserves.

28 UNIT 6
 6 Nature
Æ Æ
6.33 sewerage system (n) \ su…´rIdZ ÆsIst´m\ 6.41 protest (n) \ pr´Utest\
the system by which waste (from toilets the act of disagreeing with something
and baths) is carried away from houses strongly, often by taking action as a group
Ancient sewerage systems have been in a public place
discovered underneath the city of Rome. Members of Greenpeace marched in
the capital as a protest against the
Æ
6.34 gradual (adj) \ grœdZu´l\ government’s decision to continue to allow
happening slowly hunting.
There has been a gradual rise in the l protest (v), protester (n)
number of students taking the exam over
the past few years.
Æ Listening Page 74
6.35 go off (phr v) \Æg´U Åf\ Æ
(of food) to stop being fresh; to go bad; 6.42 preserve (v) \prI z‰…v\
to become stale to keep something (meat/fish, an area
This milk smells a bit funny; I think it’s gone
of land, a culture, etc) in it’s original
off. condition; to look after
The government has decided to take
Æ measures to help preserve the country’s
6.36 run out (of ) (phr v) \Ærøn aUt\ forests.
to have nothing left of something
l preservation (n)
I’ve run out of coffee; I’ll go and get some.
Opp.: destroy (v)
Æ
6.37 give off (phr v) \ÆgIv Åf\
to send out or produce heat, light, a smell
or gas
Speaking Page 75
Æ
The central heating units give off a lot of 6.43 oil slick (n) \ OIl ÆslIk\
heat. a layer of oil which floats on the sea
Æ
because of an accident on a ship or
6.38 bring out (phr v) \ÆbrIN aUt\ container
to produce a new product and put it on The oil slick off the coast of Alaska was six
sale miles long and spreading fast.
A small publishing company has just Æ
brought out an updated version of the travel 6.44 deforestation (n) \di…ÆfÅrI steISn\
guide. the act of cutting down trees in order to
Æ
use the land for other purposes
6.39 clear up (phr v) \ÆklI´r øp\ Environmental groups are fighting hard to
(of the weather) to improve; to stop prevent deforestation.
raining l forest (n), forested (adj)
According to the latest weather forecast, it’s
going to clear up later on. 6.45 construction
Æ
industry (n)
\k´n strøkSn ÆInd´stri\
Æ
6.40 snow leopard (n) \ sn´U Ælep´d\ the industry responsible for the building
a large wild cat that has white fur with of houses, factories, roads and bridges
black spots and lives in the mountains of He’s a civil engineer and has been working
central Asia in the construction industry for years.
The snow leopard is a beautiful animal l construct (v), constructive (v)
which faces extinction.

Reading 2 Page 76 and 77

Æ
6.46 beetle (n) \ bi…tl\
an insect with a smooth, hard back
The scarab beetle was sacred to the Ancient
Egyptians.

UNIT 6 29
 6 Nature
Æ Æ
6.47 grasshopper (n) \ grA…sÆhÅp´\ 6.55 fungus (n) (plural fungi) \ føNg´s\
a large insect that moves by jumping a type of plant without leaves, flowers
Grasshoppers can jump surprisingly long or green colour which grows in wet
distances given their relatively small size. conditions
Æ Did you know that mushrooms are fungi ?
6.48 ladybird (n) \ leIdiÆb‰…d\
a red insect with a smooth hard back Æ
6.56 nutrients (n) \ nju…tri´nts\
which is covered in black spots any kind of food which living beings or
Ladybirds can protect themselves from plants need to live and grow
birds and other animals by producing a Fruit and vegetables provide our systems
horrible-tasting yellow liquid. with essential nutrients such as fibre and
Æ vitamins.
6.49 bend down (phr v) \Æbend daUn\ l nutrition (n), nutritious (adj),
to move downwards from the middle nutritional value (phr)
of the body, usually in order to pick
something up Æ
6.57 consume (v) \k´n sju…m\
He bent down and picked up a €10 note to eat; to use
from the street. Americans consume more hamburgers than
Æ any other nation.
6.50 magnifying glass (n) \ mœgnIfaIIN ÆglA…s\ l consumer (n), consumerism (n)
a circle of glass which makes objects look
bigger than they are Æ
6.58 indicate (v) \ IndIÆkeIt\
Magnifying glasses aren’t used much to show; to point out
these days – scientists have very high tech The students’ answers to the questionnaire
microscopes. indicated how environmentally aware they
l magnify (v) were.
Æ l indication (n)
6.51 colony (n) \ kÅl´ni\
a group of animals or birds who live in 6.59 scent (n) \sent\
the same area a nice smell; a perfume
A large ant colony can consist of over a Roses give off a marvelous scent.
million individuals.
Æ
6.60 nomadic (adj) \n´U mœdIk\
6.52 sole (adj) \s´Ul\ (of animals, groups of people) moving
only; single; exclusive from one place to another; wandering;
The sole survivor of the crash was a 75-year- travelling
old woman. Primitive people led nomadic lives, moving
l solely (adv) from one place to another to find food.
l nomad (n)
6.53 found (v) \faUnd\
to start (a business, school, etc); to Æ
6.61 column (n) \ kÅl´m\
establish a line of people (usually soldiers) or
The company was founded forty years ago animals walking in the same direction
and is still successful. The general ordered the column of soldiers
l founder (n), foundation (n) to attack.
Æ Æ
6.54 fertiliser (n) \ f‰…t´ÆlaIz´\ 6.62 lizard (n) \ lIz´d\
a natural or chemical substance that a small animal with a long tale and rough
makes plants grow more successfully skin which lives in hot countries
Farming nowadays relies heavily on We watched small lizards waiting by
chemical fertilisers. the outside light to catch insects for their
l fertilise (v) dinner!

30 UNIT 6
 6 Nature
Æ
6.63 intriguing (adj) \In tri…gIN\
very interesting; fascinating
Mike, who is a journalist, found the prospect
of meeting the President himself quite
intriguing.
l intrigue (v), intrigued (adj)
Æ
6.64 forage (v) \ fÅrIdZ\
to search for food
A small group of chimps set off at dusk to
forage for nuts and berries.
Æ
6.65 critical (adj) \ krItIkl\
extremely important; crucial
We need to find a solution to this critical
problem as soon as possible.
l critically (adv)

6.66 swarm (v) \swO…m\

(for birds and insects) to move or fly in a
large group
Bees generally only swarm when they are on
the lookout for a new place to make a nest.

Writing Page 80
Æ
6.67 do one’s bit (exp) \Ædu… wønz bIt\
to do something that helps a little to
achieve something else
We all do our bit around the house to help
my mother with the housework.

6.68 scheme (n) \ski…m\

a plan; a project
There is a new scheme to introduce cycle
paths in the centre of the city.

Workbook
Æ
6.69 be in vogue (phr) \Æbi… In v´Ug\
to be in fashion; to be popular
Pink is in vogue this winter.
Æ
6.70 vintage (adj) \ vIntIdZ\
best of its kind; classic
Last weekend I went to an exhibition of
vintage racing cars.
Æ
6.71 vital (adj) \ vaItl\
extremely important; crucial
It is vital to appoint a doctor to the remote
island.

UNIT 6 31
 Revision 1

Revision 1
Reading Pages 84 and 85
Æ
R1.1 bewildering (adj) \bI wIld(´)rIN\
confusing
The financial problem that had arisen was
bewildering; the manager had a hard time
finding a solution.
l bewilder (v)
Æ R1.10 creep up (phr v) \Ækri…p øp\
R1.2 high street (n) \ haI Æstri…t\
the main street of a town where most of
the shops are
Ermou is one of Athens’ high streets.
Æ
R1.3 dazzling (adj) \ dœzlIN\
stunning; impressive; very bright
The variety of goods in this supermarket is
absolutely dazzling; whatever you might
want, you’ll find in there.
l dazzle (v)
Æ Æ
R1.4 be confronted by (v) \bi k´n frøntId baI\
to be faced with something (a choice, a
problem, etc)
We were confronted by a row of football
hooligans on our way to the match.
l confrontation (n)
Æ Æ
R1.5 splash out on (phr v) \ÆsplœS aUt Ån\
to spend a lot of money on luxury items
He can’t help himself; he splashes out on
every new gadget he happens to see on these
telemarketing TV channels.
Æ R1.14 hassle (v) \ hœsl\
R1.6 wizardry (n) \ wIz´dri\
magic
This cooker is a piece of electric wizardry; it
can cook, bake, grill, all at the same time!
l wizard (n)
Æ slightly anxious or uncomfortable
R1.7 consumer group (n) \k´n sju…m´ Ægru…p\
an organisation defending consumer
rights
According to the results of a survey carried
out by the country’s consumer group, the
price of lamb is 20% higher this year.
Æ Global Positioning System
R1.8 sector (n) \ sekt´\
group; area
He’s worked for years as a marketing
manager for a tobacco company so he
knows this sector of the market quite well.
Æ
R1.9 rip someone off (phr v) \ÆrIp sømwøn Åf\
to cheat someone by charging them too
much money
She had no idea how serious the damage
to her car was; that’s why the mechanic
ripped her off.
l rip-off (n)
Æ
(for numbers) to gradually reach a higher
level
The language school is doing very well; the
number of students has crept up over the
past two years.
R1.11 grill (v) \grIl\
to ask someone lots of questions to find
out information (usually about a crime)
The police grilled the young man about the
gang’s plans but he never said a word.
R1.12 the (whole) works (exp) \D´ (haul) w‰…ks\
the whole lot; everything you can think
of
I went on a shopping spree the other day
and bought clothes, shoes, accessories,
jewellery, cosmetics, the whole works.
R1.13 hit the streets (exp) \ÆhIt D´ stri…ts\
to go shopping
We hit the streets of London on a Christmas
shopping extravaganza!
Æ
to bother; to annoy
He’s been hassling me about getting him a
new bike; maybe I will in the end.
Æ
R1.15 uneasy (adj) \øn i…zi\
When Kathy looked around and didn’t see
the kids, she felt a bit uneasy.
Use of English Page 88
Æ
R1.16 GPS (n) \ÆdZi… pi… es\
All ships are equipped with GPS in order
that other vessels know their exact position
at any given time.

32 Revision 1
 Revision 1
Æ
R1.17 receiver (n) \rI si…v´\
a part of a radio or television that picks
up signals
We’re surrounded by mountains; that’s why
the radio receiver can’t clearly pick up the
signals.
l receive (v), reception (n)
Æ
R1.18 compass (n) \ kømp´s\
an instrument used for finding out which
direction is North
The trekkers got lost because they had
forgotten to bring their compass with them.
Æ
R1.19 in orbit (phr) \In O…bIt\
in space; moving around another planet
The satellite has been in orbit for the last
six months.
l orbit (v)
Æ
R1.20 junction (n) \ dZønkSn\
the area where two or more roads meet
We’ll have to turn left at the next junction.
Æ
R1.21 precise (adj) \prI saIs\
exact
I don’t remember the precise location of the
department store but I know it’s somewhere
near the square.
l precisely (adv)

Revision 1 33
 7 Sport

Sport
Æ
Reading 1 Pages 90 and 91
7.9 freestyle (adj) \ fri…staIl\
(of a sport) using any style or method a
Æ
7.1 stamina (n) \ stœmIn´\ competitor chooses
physical or mental energy needed to do a She came first in the freestyle swimming
difficult task for a long time event.
Brian has got a lot of stamina for a man of Æ
his age. 7.10 adopt (v) \´ dÅpt\
Æ to choose to follow (a plan, attitude, etc)
7.2 agility (n) \´ dZIl´ti\ Mary has adopted a new look and she now
the ability to move easily and quickly; wears much more fashionable clothes.
liveliness Æ
The cat is an animal of great agility. 7.11 recreational (adj) \Ærekri eISn(´)l\
l agile (adj) relating to activities that you do in your
leisure time
Æ
7.3 coordination (n) \k´UÆO…dI neISn\ The local youth club has got great
the ability of different people involved recreational facilities.
in the same activity to work together l recreation (n)
efficiently Æ
It takes a lot of coordination, among other 7.12 be absorbed (into) (v) \bi ´b zO…bd\
things, for the figure skaters to perform to become part of a larger group
successfully in a championship. Most of the town’s old technical colleges
l coordinate (v), coordinator (n) have been absorbed into the more modern
sixth-form colleges.
Æ
7.4 in-line skating (phr) \ÆIn laIn skeItIN\ l absorb (v)
rollerblading Æ
With a little practice every day he’s getting 7.13 mainstream (n) \ meInÆstri…m\
better and better at in-line skating. conventional; typical
Heavy metal music has never become totally
Æ mainstream because of its rather extreme
7.5 highlight (v) \ haIÆlaIt\
to emphasise; to stress sound.
The teacher highlighted the importance of Æ
our visit to the museum. 7.14 dirt track (n) \ d‰…t Ætrœk\
a road made from hard earth, without
7.6 stunt (n) \stønt\ any asphalt layer
an exciting and dangerous action (usually We walked up a dirt track until we reached
in a film) the ski lodge.
Angelina Jolie did all her own stunts for
Tomb Raider. 7.15 go from strength to
Æ
strength (exp)
l stunt man (n) \Æg´U fr´m ÆstreNT t´ streNT\
to become gradually successful or
Æ confident
7.7 jaw-dropping (adj) \ dZO… ÆdrÅpIN\
very surprising; amazing The school’s gone from strength to strength
The stunts some people can do with their since the new teachers were appointed here.
skateboards are absolutely jaw-dropping. Æ
7.16 figure skating (n) \ fIg´ ÆskeItIN\
7.8 coin (a phrase) (v) \kOIn\ performing on ice
to make up a word or phrase and say it Figure skating was first introduced in the
for the first time United States.
The word Internet was coined to describe a
network which computers from all over the
world can have access to.

34 UNIT 7
 7 Sport
Æ
7.17 vertical (adj) \ v‰…tIkl\
at an angle of 90°; upright
We couldn’t go up the hill as the slope was
practically vertical.
l vertically (adv)
Æ
7.18 half-pipe (n) \ÆhA…f paIp\
a U-shaped bowl that allows
skateboarders and snowboarders to move
from one wall to the other making jumps
and performing tricks
Half-pipes are found in many parks
around the city these days as skateboarding
has really taken off.
Grammar 1 Page 92
7.19 beat (v) \bi…t\
to defeat
Rob always beats us at Trivial Pursuit; he’s
the best.
7.20 squash (n) \skwÅS\
a sport similar to tennis but played
indoors
Lately he’s taken up squash and apparently
he’s quite good at it.
Æ \ÆteIk ÆsømTIN Ån\
7.21 rearrange (v) \Æri…´ reIndZ\
to change the date or time of something
It seems I’m rather busy this weekend; could
we possibly rearrange our meeting for next
weekend?
7.22 shot (n) \SÅt\
the act of throwing, hitting or kicking the
ball in a sport in order to score a point
The basketball player missed his shot at the
goal.
l shoot (v)
Vocabulary Page 93
Æ
7.23 referee (n) \Æref´ ri…\
the person who makes sure that the rules
of a game are followed (for sports such as
football, basketball, boxing)
The referee blew his whistle and the match
kicked off.
7.24 coach (n) \k´UtS\
a trainer
Ever since this new coach started training
the team, they have been winning one
match after another.
coach (v)
Æ
7.25 opponent (n) \´ p´Un´nt\
the person/team you are competing
against
Tiger Woods has beaten all his opponents so
far and has made it to the finals.
Æ
7.26 runner-up (n) \Ærøn´r øp\
a person who comes second in a race or
competition
Miss Greece was the runner-up in the Miss
World competition held last week.
Æ
7.27 umpire (n) \ ømpaI´\
the person who makes sure that the
rules of a game are followed (for sports
such as tennis, table tennis, badminton,
volleyball, cricket)
James is a cricket umpire and so he has no
free time on Sundays.
7.28 take something
Æ
on (phr v)
to accept a particular job or responsibility
She’s taken on so many responsibilities at
work that I’m afraid she won’t be able to
manage.
Æ
7.29 put off (phr v) \ÆpUt Åf\
to postpone; to delay until a later time or
date
The open air concert was put off as it had
been raining the whole day.
Æ
7.30 join in (phr v) \ÆdZOIn In\
to participate; to take part in
Our teacher joined in our discussion about
the educational system.
Æ
7.31 drop out of (phr v) \ÆdrÅp aUt ´v, Åv\
to leave; to give up
He dropped out of college because he
decided to travel around the world.
Æ
7.32 final (n) \ faInl\
the last in a series of games or
competitions
It is difficult for a Greek football team to
reach the finals of the European Cup.
UNIT 7 35
 7 Sport
Æ
7.33 be out of action (phr) \bi ÆaUt ´v œkSn\
If an athlete is out of action, he/she is Reading 2 Pages 96 and 97
Æ
injured and cannot play 7.42 pay off (phr v) \ÆpeI Åf\
With their main scorer out of action, the to be worth it in the end
team stood no chance against their rivals. All their hard work paid off in the end, and
they all got the language certificate.
Æ
7.34 the long jump (n) \D´ lÅN ÆdZømp\
an athletic activity in which the aim is to 7.43 EnglishÆ Premiership (n)
jump as far as possible \ÆINglIS premi´ÆSIp\
Mark always does well at the long jump. the league in which the best football
teams in England compete
7.35 rink (n) \rINk\ Arsenal is top of the English Premiership.
a large area where you go ice-skating or Æ
roller skating 7.44 guardian (n) \ gA…di´n\
They’ve built a new roller-skating rink in someone who is legally chosen to look
the area; needless to say, it is packed every after a child
weekend with young people. His aunt and uncle would be his guardians
for as long as Tom’s parents stayed abroad.
7.36 court (n) \kO…t\ l guard (v)
an area used for playing a game such as
Æ
tennis, basketball, badminton or squash 7.45 vision (n) \ vIZn\
The local youth club has got two tennis and an idea of how the future might appear
two basketball courts. The old politician’s vision of Greece being
part of Europe led to the country joining the
7.37 course (n) \kO…s\ European Union.
an area where races take place or golf is
played 7.46 pace (n) \peIs\
John suggested that we go to the mini golf speed
course near his place. I had never played Miss Daisy walks at a very fast pace for a
golf before so I tried it – it was fun. person of her age.
Æ
7.38 pitch (n) \pItS\ 7.47 session (n) \ seSn\
an area used for playing football, cricket the period spent doing a particular
or hockey activity
The footballer left the pitch as the referee I can’t see you now; I’ve got a physiotherapy
excluded him from the match. session.
Æ
7.39 ring (n) \rIN\ 7.48 midfield (n) \ mIdÆfi…ld\
an area where a boxing match takes place the middle area of the pitch
The boxers climbed into the ring. A football match starts in midfield, in the
centre of the pitch.

Listening Page 94 7.49 prospect (n) \ prÅspekt\

Æ
Æ possibility
7.40 gender (n) \ dZend´\ His prospects of success are quite good;
the sex of someone; male or female he’s got a good team, a good product and a
The ultrasound revealed the gender of the great marketing plan.
baby; it was a boy.
l prospective (adj)
Æ Æ Æ
7.41 sexism (n) \ seksÆIz(´)m\ 7.50 run into (phr v) \Ærøn Int´, IntU\
the belief that women are less intelligent to meet by accident
or capable than men Monica ran into an old boyfriend at the
The company manager has been accused of airport last week.
sexism as he has never hired any women.
l sex (n)

36 UNIT 7
 7 Sport
Æ Æ
7.51 reassure (v) \Æri…´ SU´\ 7.58 rival (n) \ raIvl\
to comfort; to make someone stop opponent
worrying We are rivals at basketball but good friends
The team felt reassured by the coach’s outside the court.
encouraging words. l rivalry (n)
l reassurance (n) Æ
7.59 native (adj) \ neItIv\
Æ
7.52 press-up (n) \ pres øp\ Your native country is the country where
an exercise where you lie face down on you were born.
the floor and try and lift your body off He’s been living in England since he was
the ground with your arms five but his native country is Greece.
My dad does fifty press-ups every morning. Æ
7.60 randomly (adv) \ rœnd´mli\
Æ happening by chance; in no particular
7.53 single-minded (adj) \ÆsINgl maIndId\
having only one aim and being very order
determined to achieve it I randomly chose my lottery numbers so
Marina was single-minded about becoming you can imagine my surprise when I won
a diplomat so we were not surprised when the jackpot.
she became one! l random (adj)
l single-mindedly
(adv), Æ
single-mindedness (n) 7.61 enhance (v) \In hA…ns\
to improve; to increase
Æ
7.54 initial (adj) \I nISl\ The athletes were excluded from the game
the first; opening as they had taken drugs to enhance their
My initial thought was to tell my mother performance.
about it but then I decided not to. l enhancement (n)
l initially (adv)

7.55 wear off (phr v) \Æwe´r Åf\

Æ Workbook
(for the effects of something such as Æ
7.62 martial art (n) \ÆmA…Sl A…t\
a drug or a pain) to fade; to slowly a number of methods of self-defence
disappear which come from the Far East
I took a couple of aspirins and my Kung fu, tae kwon do, aikido and karate
headache wore off. are all martial arts.

7.63 punch (v) \pøntS\

Grammar 2 Page 98 to hit with your fist
Æ Not being able to control his anger, the man
7.56 half-time (n) \ÆhA…f taIm\
the short period of time before the punched the door and stormed off.
second part of a football/basketball game l punch (n)
The score was 1-0 at half-time. Æ
7.64 combat (n) \ kÅmbœt\
a fight; a battle (especially during a war)
Use of English Page 99 In the film Hero the characters engaging in
combat had unique martial skill.
Æ
7.57 laurel wreath (n) \ lÅr´l Æri…T\
a circle of leaves from the laurel or bay Æ
7.65 array (n) \´ reI\
tree which was often given to athletes on a large and varied collection of
winning a competition something; a display
Athletes in ancient Greece competed for a Maggie owns an impressive array of
laurel wreath and not a gold medal. antique furniture.

UNIT 7 37
 7 Sport

7.66 blend (n) \blend\

a mixture of one or more things
My mother only drinks a special blend of
coffee – a mixture made from Arabic and
Colombian coffee beans.
l blend (n)

38 UNIT 7
 8 Communication

Communication
Reading 1 Pages 102 and 103
Æ
8.1 blockbuster (n) \ blÅkÆbøst´\
a very popular and successful film or
book
Armageddon was a huge blockbuster.
Æ Æ
8.2 explosive (n) \Ik spl´UsIv\
a substance that can cause an explosion
Dynamite is a powerful explosive.
l explode (v), explosion (n), explosive (adj)
Æ
8.3 interpret (v) \In t‰…prIt\
to explain; to translate
The student interpreted the poem in a
completely different way to the teacher.
l interpretation (n), interpreter (n)
Æ
8.4 degree course (n) \dI gri… ÆkO…s\
a series of lessons at university that gives
you a qualification when you pass
Mary did a degree course in Greek
Literature.
8.5 land a job/part
Æ Æ
in something (phr) Æ
\Ælœnd ´ dZÅb\ pA…t In ÆsømTIN\
get a job or a part in a play that is
desirable
He thought he hadn’t done well at the
audition but he eventually landed a part
in the play.
8.6 work one’s way Æ up (phr) total; complete; general
\Æw‰…k wønz ÆweI øp\
to progress slowly with a lot of effort
Jane started as a secretary and worked
her way up; now she’s manager of a whole
department.
Æ employees
8.7 approach (n) \´ pr´UtS\
way; method; technique
His approach to teaching is simple: become
friends with the students and get them to
want to learn.
l approach (v), (un)approachable (adj)
Æ the machines that a company has and can
8.8 current affairs (n) \Ækør´nt ´ fe´z\
issues or events which are happening at the
moment and which the media focus on
The journalist got his own TV programme
discussing current affairs.
Æ
8.9 contribute (v) \k´n trIbju…t\
to give; to add
We’re grateful to Jim since he contributed
a lot of his experience to the success of this
project.
l contribution (n)
8.10 split second (n) \ÆsplIt sek´nd\
an extremely short period of time
Sometimes I don’t know how to deal with
him; he can change his mood in a split
second.
Æ
8.11 conduct (v) \k´n døkt\
to carry out; to perform
Mike’s a biologist; he works in a lab where
he conducts experiments all the time.
l conductor (n)
Æ
8.12 edit (v) \ edIt\
to correct; to rewrite
The writer edited his book quite a few times
before he sent it to his publisher.
l editing (n), editor (n)
8.13 intense (adj) \In tens\
strong; powerful; extreme
Olivier gave a very intense performance in
Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
l intensely (adv), intensity (n)
Æ
8.14 overall (adj) \Æ´Uv´r O…l\
His overall performance is good, although
he has some minor problems in Algebra.
Æ
8.15 human resources (n) \Æhju…m´n rI zO…sIz\
the department of a company which is
responsible for hiring and training new
We have received your CV but you will need
to talk to the human resources manager of
the company as well.
8.16 technical Æ resources (n)
\ÆteknIkl rI zO…sIz\
use for certain jobs
The local council doesn’t have the technical
resources to undertake such a big project.

UNIT 8 39
 8 Communication
Æ
8.17 come up (phr v) \Ækøm øp\
to become available Listening Page 106
Æ
If you’re looking for a second-hand car, 8.26 nominate (v) \ nÅmIÆneIt\
go through the ads and see if anything to propose; to recommend; to suggest
interesting comes up. The well-known actor was nominated for
an Oscar once but he didn’t get it.
l nomination (n), nominee (n)
Vocabulary Page 105
Æ
Æ
8.18 bulletin (n) \ bUl´tIn\ 8.27 contestant (n) \k´n test´nt\
a news report a competitor; someone who is taking part
I always listen to the eleven o’clock news
in a competition
bulletin. The contestants taking part in the Miss
World beauty contest are all beautiful
Æ ambitious girls.
8.19 log on (phr v) \ÆlÅg Ån\
l contest (n)
to connect to the Internet or to a
computer network
You must log on to the news site if you want
to read all the articles. Speaking Page 107
Æ
Æ 8.28 subtitles (n) \ søbÆtaItlz\
8.20 take down (phr v) \ÆteIk daUn\ the printed translation of a foreign film
to write; to keep notes shown at the bottom of the screen
The university students took down notes of Try not to read the subtitles on an English
the interesting lecture. film; it’s a great way to practise your English.
Æ l subtitling (n)
8.21 put through (phr v) \ÆpUt Tru…\
Æ
to connect by telephone 8.29 keep up to date (exp) \Æki…p øp t´ deIt\
The telephonist put me through to the to have the latest information about
Manager. something
Æ Teachers have to keep up to date with the
8.22 hang up (phr v) \ÆhœN øp\ latest teaching methodology.
to end a telephone conversation
I was so upset by what she told me that I
hung up! Reading 2 Pages 108 and 109
Æ Æ
8.23 turn over (phr v) \Æt‰…n ´Uv´\ 8.30 webcam (n) \ webÆkœm\
to change to another television channel a small video camera connected to your
We didn’t like the new series so we turned computer, used to communicate with
over and watched an action film. others on the Internet
By means of a webcam, we were able to
Æ have a teleconference with our branch
8.24 correspond (v) \ÆkÅr´ spÅnd\
abroad.
to exchange letters/e-mails with someone
My ex-flatmate, who now lives in Japan,
and I still correspond quite regularly. 8.31 flexibility (n) \"fleksI"bIl´ti\
l correspondence (n) the ability to change when necessary
Private lessons allow for a lot of flexibility
Æ regarding the schedule.
8.25 enthuse (v) \In Tju…z\
l flexible (adj), inflexible (adj)
to be excited; to express excitement about
something Æ
He is so enthused by the prospect of
8.32 identification (n) \aIÆdentIfI keISn\
travelling to the US for Christmas that he the act of recognising something or
talks about it all the time! someone
l enthusiasm (n), enthusiastic (adj), Do you have any means of identification
enthusiast (n) with you?
l identify (v), unidentified (adj)

40 UNIT 8
 8 Communication
Æ Æ
8.33 instant (n) \ Inst´nt\ 8.41 linguist (n) \ lINgwIst\
a moment; now someone who studies or teaches the ways
Come here right this instant! language works
l instantly (adv) Noam Chomsky is a well-known linguist
who teaches at MIT.
Æ
8.34 pop up (phr v) \ÆpÅp øp\ l linguistics (n)
to appear suddenly
I hate ads which pop up on my screen
when I am on the Internet! Workbook
8.35 swap (v) \swÅp\ 8.42 play a trick on someone (phr)
\ÆpleI ´ trIk Ån Æsømwøn\
to exchange; to replace one thing with
something else to trick someone; to make a fool of
I swapped places with a little boy on the
someone
plane because he wanted to sit next to the We always play tricks on our teachers on
window. April Fool’s Day.

Æ Æ
8.36 feature (n) \ fi…tS´\ 8.43 focal point (phr) \ f´Ukl ÆpOInt\
an aspect; a quality; a characteristic the thing that you concentrate or focus on
The new word processor has a lot of added Unemployment among young people was the
features such as speech recognition. focal point of the talk show.
Æ
8.37 on offer (phr) \Ån Åf´\
to be available to be used or bought
Apart from clothes, Zara has also got shoes
on offer.
Æ
8.38 opt for (v) \ Åpt f´, fO…\
to choose; to prefer something to
anything else
We opted for the latest model, although
it was more expensive, as it had air-
conditioning.
l option (n)
Æ
8.39 broadband (adj) \ brO…dÆbœnd\
If you have a broadband connection on
your computer, you can exchange large
amounts of information very quickly
with other computers.
The cybercafé has a broadband connection
and it’s much faster than your home
connection.

Use of English Page 111

Æ
8.40 sign language (n) \ saIn ÆlœNgwIdZ\
the system of communication involving
movements with the hands used mainly
by deaf and dumb people
There are differences between the Greek
and English sign languages.

UNIT 8 41
 9 Work

Work
Æ
Reading 1 Pages 116 and 117
9.9 cash flow (n) \ kœS Æfl´U\
the amount of money moving in and out
9.1 earn (v) \‰…n\ of a business
to make money for work that you have The company could not pay the staff as they
done were having cash flow problems.
He earns about €1000 per month. Æ
9.10 staffing (n) \ stA…fIN\
9.2 gain (v) \geIn\ the number of workers employed by a
to gradually get more of an ability or company
quality Due to inadequate and inefficient staffing,
He gained a lot of experience from his first the company hasn’t been making a profit.
job. l staff (n)
l gains (n) Æ
9.11 hold true (phr) \Æh´Uld tru…\
9.3 mow (the lawn) (phr) \m´U (D´ lO…n)\ to be true in particular circumstances
to cut the grass in a garden What you say holds true for people over
The neighbours got a new machine to mow thirty but not for teenagers.
the lawn. Æ
9.12 tried and tested (exp) \"traId ´n testId\
9.4 stack (v) \stœk\ If something is tried and tested, it has
to put things in a neat pile, one on top of already been used and is successful.
the other A hot cup of tea is a tried and tested
He stacked his books on the floor, not remedy for a sore throat.
finding any space on the desk. Æ
l stack (n) 9.13 team up (phr v) \Æti…m øp\
to join someone in order to do something
Æ
9.5 straightforward (adj) \ÆstreIt fO…w´d\ together
easy; simple; honest; direct They teamed up for a joint venture to start
The explanation he gave me was very next year.
straightforward. Æ
9.14 like-minded (adj) \ÆlaIk maIndId\
Æ
9.6 a fair amount (phr) \´ Æfe´r ´ maUnt\ like-minded people share the same
quite a lot; enough opinions, ideas or interests
His parents give him a fair amount of She was a feminist and started a newsletter
pocket money every week. for like-minded students at the university.

9.7 learn something from the inside out 9.15 trim (v) \trIm\
Æ
(phr) \l‰…n sømTIN ÆInsaId aUt\ to make something (hair, for example)
to get to know something well because tidier by cutting a small amount of it
you are part of it I need to have my hair trimmed.
Harry worked in the shop and learnt the
job from the inside out. 9.16 hedge (n) \hedZ\
a line of bushes or small trees along the
Æ
9.8 franchise (n) \ frœntSaIz\ edge of a garden
The right to sell a company’s products A tall hedge didn’t allow us to have a look
using the company’s name. inside the villa.
Zara has a very successful franchise in
Greece.
l franchisee (n)

42 UNIT 9
 9 Work

9.17 rake (v) \reIk\ 9.24 charitable

Æ
organisation
Æ
(n)
to collect dead leaves and grass using a \ tSœrIt´bl ÆO…g´naI zeISn\
special garden tool called a rake A charitable organisation is one that relies
The boys were given €5 each for raking the on money from the public to provide
leaves in the garden. some kind of service.
l rake (n) She does voluntary work for a charitable
Æ
organisation.
9.18 shovel (v) \ Søvl\ l charity (n)
to move earth, coal or snow using a tool
called a shovel
He shovelled coal into big black rubbish Vocabulary Page 118
bags and stored them in the garage. Æ
l shovel (n)
9.25 self-employed (adj) \Æself Im plOId\
If someone is self-employed, they don’t
Æ work for an employer but are paid by
9.19 undertake (v) \Æønd´ teIk\
to agree or promise to do something other people for the services they provide.
I undertook the task of walking the He used to work as an accountant for a
neighbour’s dog every evening in order to small firm but he’s been self-employed for a
make some extra money. year; he makes more money this way.
l employ (v), employment (n),
l undertaking (n)
unemployment (n)
Æ
9.20 errand-running (n) \ er´nd ÆrønIN\ Æ
the act of doing small jobs (sometimes 9.26 salary (n) \ sœl´ri\
for other people) usually by going the amount of money someone earns (in
somewhere a month or a year)
They’ve been living on her salary ever since
I was out all morning doing some errand-
he lost his job.
running; I just got back.
l run an errand (exp) 9.27 wage (n) \weIdZ\
Æ the amount of money someone earns (in
9.21 market survey (n) \ÆmA…kIt s‰…veI\ a day or a week)
the collection and studying of He works in construction and his weekly
information about what people want, wage isn’t that high.
need or buy
According to the results of a recent market Æ
9.28 be on commission (phr) \bi Ån k´ mISn\
survey, the demand for high tech gadgets If someone is on commission, how much
will continue to grow.
they get paid depends on how much they
Æ
9.22 volunteer (n) \ÆvÅl´n tI´\ sell
Do you get a salary or are you on
someone who does work without being commission?
paid to do it
The headmaster asked for volunteers to stay Æ
after school and pick up rubbish from the
9.29 get the sack (phr) \Æget D´ sœk\
playground. to be asked to leave one’s job (usually
l volunteer(v), voluntary (adj), because you have done something
voluntarily (adv) wrong); to be fired
He got the sack because he was always late.
9.23 old people’s home (n) l sack (v)
Æ
\´Uld pi…plz Æh´Um\
a place where old people live when they 9.30 be made redundant
Æ
(phr)
can no longer look after themselves in \bi ÆmeId rI dønd´nt\
their own homes to lose your job because you are no
As nobody would take care of her, they put longer needed or because your employer
their grandmother in an old people’s home. cannot afford to keep you
To increase their profit margin they
decided that half the staff were to be made
redundant.
l redundancy (n)

UNIT 9 43
 9 Work
Æ Æ
9.31 commute (v) \k´ mju…t\ 9.39 GCSE (n) \Ædzi… si… es i…\
to travel a long distance from home to (General Certificate of Secondary
work Education) a school exam that pupils take
Commuting from Bath to London every day at the age of 16
is absolutely exhausting. Susan was very worried about her GCSE
l commuter (n) exam results, but she did extremely well.
Æ Æ
9.32 take on (phr v) \ÆteIk Ån\ 9.40 motorist (n) \ m´Ut´rIst\
to employ a person who drives a car
She was taken on as a cleaning lady by a There was a sign on the road warning
rich family. motorists of thick fog.
Æ Æ
9.33 take up (phr v) \ÆteIk øp\ 9.41 alternative (adj) \O…l t‰…n´tIv\
to occupy or fill time or space different; another
Her work at the office takes up a lot of her Well, if yoga doesn’t work for you, there are
time and she’s often very tired. alternative methods of relaxation.
l alternatively (adv)
Æ
9.34 put in (for) (phr) \ÆpUt In f´, fO…\
to make an official request; to apply for
I’m putting in for a position with the new Reading 2 Page 122 and 123
clothing company that’s just started up in Æ
town. 9.42 busker (n) \ bøsk´\
someone who sings or plays music in
Æ public places for money
9.35 take over (phr v) \ÆteIk ´Uv´\
to become responsible for something Every evening I run into the same busker
someone else has stopped doing who plays jazz at the metro station near the
office.
When she retires next month, I’ll take over
all her responsibilities at the company. l busk (v)

Æ Æ
9.36 supervise (v) \ su…p´ÆvaIz\
to check that something is being done
properly
The church supervised the distribution of
food to the poor in our area.
l supervisor (n), supervision (n)
Æ expensive
9.37 take turns (phr) \ÆteIk t‰…nz\
If a number of people take turns to do
something, they do it one after the other
We take turns to walk the dog; today it’s my
turn.
Listening Page 120
Æ
9.38 double-yellow lines (n) \"døbl Æjel´U laInz\
In Britain, double-yellow lines along the
side of a road indicate that parking isn’t
allowed there.
Jake was given a ticket because he had
parked his car on double-yellow lines.
9.43 harpist (n) \ hA…pIst\
a person who plays a very large string
instrument called a harp
There is only one harpist in an orchestra.
l harp (n)
Æ
9.44 costly (adj) \ kÅstli\
I’ve always had private piano lessons
although they are quite costly.
Æ
9.45 unwieldy (adj) \øn wi…ldi\
very big and therefore difficult to move
and carry around
I always travel light; having to carry
unwieldy baggage around is not my idea of
relaxing when on holiday.
Æ
9.46 fellowship (n) \ fel´USIp\
a post at a university which involves
research
After his Master’s degree, he got a research
fellowship at the university.

44 UNIT 9
 9 Work

9.47 drain (v) \dreIn\ 9.56 postgraduate

Æ
course (n)
If an activity drains you, it is very tiring \p´Ust grœdZU´t ÆkO…s\
and it takes away all your energy. a second course at university (often a
All these misfortunes these past few months Master’s or a PhD)
have drained her completely; she feels After getting her first degree, Jenny went on
exhausted. to do a postgraduate course as well.
Æ
9.48 do (n) \du…\ 9.57 mind-numbing (adj) \ maInd ÆnømIN\
a party or other social event so boring that you can’t think clearly
Mark’s having a do to celebrate getting I could never work as a telephone operator;
promoted. it must be a mind-numbing task talking on
the telephone all the time.
9.49 gig (n) \gIg\ l numb (adj)
a show or live performance by a group
(usually at a small venue)
Our band have got a gig in a local pub. Grammar 2 Page 124
Æ
Æ 9.58 vaccinate (v) \ vœksIÆneIt\
9.50 set about (phr v) \Æset ´ baUt\ to give someone an injection to prevent
to start them from getting a disease
Sheila found a new flat yesterday and All children are vaccinated against major
has already set about painting and childhood diseases.
decorating it. l vaccination
(n), vaccine (n)
Æ Æ
9.51 fundraising (n) \ føndreIzIN\ 9.59 chainsaw (n) \ tSeInÆsO…\
the activity of collecting money an electric tool which is used for cutting
(for a charity, political campaign or large pieces of wood
organisation) Bob woke up to the sound of the chainsaw
The ladies in my town organised a cutting down the big pine tree in their back
fundraising to help the children in Iraq. yard.

9.52 trust (n) \trøst\

a financial agreement in which money is Use of English Page 125
kept or invested for someone Æ
9.60 corporation (n) \ÆkO…p´ reISn\
When she finished school, she used the a large business or company
money from the trust her parents had set up IBM is a huge corporation with offices all
to go to college. over the world.
Æ l corporate (adj)
9.53 embark on (v) \Im bA…k Ån\
to start doing something new, difficult or Æ
9.61 severely (adv) \sI vI´li\
exciting seriously; extremely
The environmental organisation is Coastal areas were severely damaged by
embarking on a new tree-planting scheme yesterday’s hurricane.
later this year.
l severe (adj)
Æ Æ
9.54 freelance (adj) \ fri…lA…ns\ 9.62 prosperity (n) \prÅ sper´ti\
If someone does freelance work, they financial success; wealth
aren’t employed by any company but get ‘I wish you all health and prosperity,’ said
paid for each piece of work they do. the chairman, raising his glass.
Mary is an English teacher and does some l prosperous (adj)
freelance translations on the side.
Æ
Æ 9.63 go bust (phr) \Æg´U bøst\
9.55 in the region of (phr) \In D´ ri…dZ(´)n ´v\ to lose all one’s money in business; to go
about; approximately bankrupt
The salary is in the region of €1,000 a
They didn’t have any business experience
month.
and very soon their company went bust.

UNIT 9 45
 9 Work
Æ Æ
9.64 oversee (v) \Æ´Uv´ si…\ 9.72 bookworm (n) \ bUkÆw‰…m\
to watch/check that a job is being done someone who enjoys reading a lot
properly Jason is a true bookworm – he always
The Principal had to oversee the school fire seems to have a book in his hands!
drill.
Æ 9.73 scoop (n) \sku…p\
9.65 overlook (v) \Æ´Uv´ lUk\ a ball of ice cream
to fail to notice something I’ll have two scoops of banana ice cream,
Don’t overlook the fact that you’ve been please.
feeling very tired lately; go see a doctor.
Æ
9.66 anticipate (v) \œn tIsIÆpeIt\
to expect something to happen
The family are anticipating the birth of the
new baby.
l anticipation (n)
Æ Æ
9.67 innovative (adj) \ In´UÆveItIv, In´Uv´tIv\
new and original; imaginative
He doesn’t like risks; that’s why he doesn’t
try out any innovative ideas regarding his
business.
l innovation (n)
Æ
9.68 investment (n) \In vestm´nt\
the activity of putting money into a
business or buying something which you
hope will increase in value (such as a
house or land)
It seems that his investment in the stock
market paid off; he’s made €10,000 in two
months.
l invest (v), investor (n)

Workbook
Æ
9.69 eager (adj) \ i…g´\
enthusiastic; keen to do something
The students were eager to go on the
excursion to Pelion.
l eagerly (adv), eagerness (n)
Æ
9.70 worthwhile (adj) \Æw‰…T waIl\
worth the time and money spent on it;
enjoyable; useful
Having the meeting before Christmas was
really worthwhile; we all learned a lot
from it.
Æ
9.71 infant (n) \ Inf´nt\
a baby; a young child
This medicine is not to be given to infants
under the age of 18 months.

46 UNIT 9
 10 Health

Health
Æ
Reading 1 Pages 128 and 129
10.9 nutrition (n) \nju… trISn\
the vitamins and minerals you get from
10.1 dish (n) \dIS\ food
a serving of a particular food Good nutrition is essential to teenagers.
Martha ordered a fish dish at the restaurant l nutritious (adj), nutritional (adj)
while I got a roast beef.
Æ
10.10 beneficial (adj) \ÆbenI fISl\
10.2 pluck (v) \pløk\ helpful; useful; doing you good
to remove by pulling Water is extremely beneficial to our skin.
She plucked a couple of lemons from the l benefit (v) (n)
tree in their garden so as to make some
lemonade. Æ
10.11 staple (n) \ steIpl\
Æ a main part (usually the main part of an
10.3 in the wild (phr) \In D´ waIld\ animal or human diet)
out in the open; free Rice is a staple in Chinese cooking.
Animals used to living in captivity would
find it difficult to survive in the wild. Æ
10.12 scrambled eggs (n) \Æskrœmbld egz\
Æ beaten eggs cooked in a sancepan
10.4 misleading (adj) \mIs li…dIN\ She had scrambled eggs and bacon for
confusing breakfast
The instructions we were given were l scramble (v)
misleading; it wasn’t our fault that we got
lost. Æ
10.13 salad dressing (n) \ sœl´d ÆdresIN\
l lead (v), mislead (v), misleadingly (adv) a sauce for a salad usually made from oil
Æ and lemon or vinegar
10.5 multiply (v) \ møltIÆplaI\ The classic Greek salad dressing is olive oil
to increase in number and vinegar.
If you multiply two by two, you get four.
l multiplication (n) Æ
10.14 toppings (n) \ tÅpINz\
Æ food that comes on top of other food to
10.6 abstain from (v) \´b steIn fr´m, frÅm\ add to its flavour
to avoid doing something, often because My favourite ice cream topping is whipped
it is bad for you cream with almonds.
Please abstain from smoking in the foyer.
l abstention (n) Æ
10.15 long-term (adj) \ÆlÅN t‰…m\
Æ happening for a long time
10.7 nibble (v) \ nIbl\ They’ve been together for years; it’s a
to eat small pieces of something long-term relationship.
She said she wasn’t very hungry; she just sat Opp.: short-term (adj)
at the table nibbling her food.
Æ
10.16 pick at (v) \ pIk ´t, œt\
10.8 be obsessed
Æ
with (adj) to only eat small amounts of food
\bi ´b sest wID, wIT\ because you have no appetite for it
be so interested in something that you The little boy picked at his dinner because
can’t focus on anything else he wasn’t feeling very well.
People in Greece are obsessed with
language certificates and university studies. Æ
10.17 nominally (adv) \ nÅmIn(´)li\
l obsession (n), obsessive (adj) described as being done by someone
when this is not really true
She lives alone and can nominally support
herself but it’s her mother that pays her rent.
l nominal (adj)

UNIT 10 47
 10 Health
Æ
10.18 raisins (n) \ reIznz\
small, dried grapes
A box of raisins in your lunchbox is better
than a packet of crisps!
10.19 boost (v) \bu…st\
to increase; to develop
The company managed to boost sales by
advertising the products on TV.
l boost (n)
Æ There are millions of germs in the air that
10.20 relieve (v) \rI li…v\
to ease pain; to provide comfort
Painkillers help relieve the pain.
l relief (n)
10.21 stash (v) \stœS\
to store or hide something so that other
people can’t find it
Squirrels stash their food away until winter
comes.
10.22 wedge (n) \wedZ\
a piece of food which is cut into a thick
triangular shape; a thick slice
We cut the fruit cake into large wedges.
Æ tiny needles into parts of the body
10.23 peanut butter (n) \ pi…nøt Æbøt´\
a spread (for bread or toast) which is
made from peanuts
I love peanut butter and jam sandwiches.
They’re delicious!
Æ Æ
10.24 artificial (adj) \ÆA…tI fISl\
not occurring in nature; man-made;
manufactured
Lake Plastira isn’t a natural lake; it’s
artificial.
Vocabulary Page 131
Æ
10.27 disabled (adj) \dIs eIbld\
Someone who is disabled is unable to use
a part of their body or their brain.
There should be special ramps for disabled
people in all public buildings.
10.28 germ (n) \dZ‰…m\
a microbe; a virus
we can’t see.
Æ
10.29 infection (n) \In fekSn\
an illness caused by germs
The infection was quite serious and he
had to take antibiotics to prevent it from
spreading.
l infect (v), infectious (adj)
Æ
10.30 surgery (n) \ s‰…dZ´ri\
a doctor’s office
The Hippocratic oath hung on the wall in
the doctor’s surgery.
Æ
10.31 acupuncture (n) \ œkjUÆpøNktS´\
a way of treating an illness by sticking
Nowadays, acupuncture is a widely
accepted means of treating certain health
problems.
l acupuncturist (n)
10.32 pass out (phr v) \ÆpA…s aUt\
to faint; to lose consciousness because of
shock or surprise
When the woman saw the snake inside her
house she screamed and passed out!

Æ 10.33 come Æ down with (phr v)

10.25 filling (adj) \ fIlIN\
If food is filling, you don’t need to eat \Ækøm daUn wID, wIT\
very much of it to feel full to become ill; to start showing the
Apples are very filling; you feel quite full symptoms of an illness
after having eaten one. I’m not feeling well today; I must be coming
l fill (v) down with flu or something.
Æ
10.34 break out (phr v) \ÆbreIk aUt\
Grammar 1 Page 130 to start to spread suddenly (for a disease
or war)
Æ
10.26 prescription (n) \prI skrIpSn\ Serious diseases can often break out in
a written order for medicine given to you areas where there is no fresh water supply.
by your doctor
The doctor said I had to take antibiotics so
he gave me a prescription.
l prescribe (v)

48 UNIT 10
 10 Health
Æ Æ
10.35 come to (phr v) \Ækøm tu…\ 10.44 (be) fractured (adj) \ frœktS´d\
to come round; to recover consciousness If a bone is fractured, it is not broken but
The mugger hit the man on the head and it has cracks in it.
quickly took his wallet before the man He had a car accident but got away with
came to. only a couple of fractured ribs.
Æ l fracture (n) (v)
10.36 inject (v) \In dZekt\
Æ
to insert a substance into someone’s body 10.45 commitment (n) \k´ mItm´nt\
using a needle hard work
The nurse injected the vitamin into the Being a doctor requires a huge amount of
man’s body with a needle. commitment.
l injection (n) l commit (v)
Æ
10.46 shattered (adj) \ Sœt´d\
Speaking Page 132 exhausted; very tired
Æ He works so hard that by the end of the day
10.37 impact (on) (n) \ Impœkt\ he is shattered.
a sudden and powerful effect (on) l shatter (v)
Leaving his job had a major impact on
John’s relationship with his wife. 10.47 grin (n) \grIn\
a wide smile
She had a grin on her face when she
Reading 2 Pages 133 and 134 showed her report card to her parents; she
10.38 ward (n) \wO…d\ had straight As!
the room in a hospital where patients stay l grin (v)
The ward had eight beds in it.
Æ
10.39 the plus side (phr) \D´ pløs ÆsaId\ Grammar 2 Page 136
the advantages Æ
10.48 food pyramid (n) \ fu…d ÆpIr´mId\
The plus side of this is that you learnt from the system used by nutritionists to
your experience. explain the types of food that we should
Æ eat, in what quantities and how often
10.40 keep up with (phr v) \Æki…p øp wID, wiT\ Scientists disagree about whether fruit and
to manage to keep up to date; to know or vegetables are the most important group in
be informed about something the food pyramid.
He’s very interested in alternative medicine
and reads a lot to keep up with anything 10.49 sneeze (n) \sni…z\
new. to blow air out of the nose in a way that
Æ you can’t control
10.41 journal (n) \ dZ‰…nl\ Being in the same room as cats always
a specialist magazine makes me sneeze.
My father, who’s a surgeon, has l sneeze (v)
subscriptions to some medical journals.

10.42 sprain (v) \spreIn\ Use of English Page 137

to turn a part of the body such as the
ankle or the wrist so that it hurts
Alison sprained her wrist as she was trying
to climb up a tree.
l sprained (adj)
10.43 sore (adj) \sO…\
painful
I spent three hours at the gym yesterday and
today my whole body feels sore.
Æ
10.50 carbohydrates (n pl) \ÆkA…b´U haIdreIts\
the substance found in food such as
potatoes and bread
If you want to lose weight, some doctors
recommend cutting down on the amount of
carbohydrates you eat.
Æ
10.51 bitter (adj) \ bIt´\
not sweet
The pill had a horrible bitter taste.
bitterness (n)

UNIT 10 49
 10 Health
Æ
10.52 sour (adj) \saU´\ 10.61 compile (v) \k´m paIl\
having a taste like that of a lemon put together; to make
These apples aren’t ready to eat – they’re He’s compiled his own list of favourite
very sour. restaurants in Athens and consults it
whenever he wants to go out.
Æ
10.53 diagnose (v) \ daI´gÆn´Uz\ l compilation (n)
to identify an illness or problem and offer Æ
a solution 10.62 kidney (n) \ kIdni\
He was diagnosed with leukaemia. a pair of organs in the body which help
l diagnosis (n) get rid of waste products from the blood
Kidney transplants are becoming more and
more common.
Writing Page 138 Æ
10.63 liver (n) \ lIv´\
10.54 spot (n) \spÅt\ a large organ in the body which cleans
a small, red mark on the skin; acne the blood
Teenagers often get a lot of spots on their
The patient’s liver was not working properly.
face.

10.55 wipe (v) \waIp\ 10.64 surge (n) \s‰…dZ\

to clean; to remove dirt using a cloth a sudden rise or increase
The teacher wiped the writing from the A surge in electrical power caused my
board. computer to burn out!
l surge (v)
Æ
10.56 marker pen (n) \ mA…k´ Æpen\
a pen used for writing on a whiteboard 10.65 slump (n) \slømp\
Teachers used to write on blackboards a sudden fall or crash
with chalk but most schools now have There has been a slump in the price of oil
whiteboards and marker pens instead. this week.
Æ l slump (v)
10.57 revenge (n) \rI vendZ\
the act of doing something bad to 10.66 coronary (heart) disease (n)
Æ
someone because they did something bad \ÆkÅr´n(´)ri hA…t dIÆzi…z\
to you a disease of the heart caused when the
Revenge is sweet but forgiveness is better. veins and arteries to the heart become
l revenge (v), revengeful (adj) blocked over time, often as a result of
smoking or eating a poor diet
Coronary heart disease is one of the major
Workbook killers in the western world.
Æ
10.58 amid (prep) \´ mId\
in the middle of; among
In the basement, amid piles of cardboard,
we found an old chest.
Æ
10.59 obesity (n) \´U bi…s´ti\
the state of being very overweight
Nowadays, quite a lot of children have a
problem with obesity.
l obese (adj)
Æ
10.60 starchy (adj) \ stA…tSi\
containing a lot of a substance called
starch which is found in food such as
rice, potatoes and pasta
Cut out starchy foods and it might help you
lose weight.
l starch (n)

50 UNIT 10
 11 Learning

Learning
Reading 1 Pages 142 and 143
11.9 form (n) \fO…m\
a school class
Æ
11.1 lecture (n) \ lektS´\ Jordan is in the fourth form this year.
a talk; a speech Æ
A lot of students attended the professor’s 11.10 public school (n) \ÆpøblIk sku…l\
lecture on ancient Greek lyric poets. a private school for pupils aged between
l lecture (v), lecturer (n) 11 and 16 (or 18) which pupils pay to
Æ attend
11.2 secondary school (n) \ sek´nd(´)ri Æsku…l\ It’s obvious from his manners and accent
In Britain, the school that children attend that he went to public school.
between the ages of 11 and 16 Æ
Several secondary schools in the area will 11.11 scholarship (n) \ skÅl´SIp\
close over the next two years. If someone gets a scholarship, their
Æ studies are paid for by the school or
11.3 recollection (n) \Ærek´ lekSn\ university or other organisation.
the act of remembering something I have a friend who got a scholarship
He had no recollection of the night of the from the Onassis Foundation and is now
earthquake because of the shock. studying in New York.
l recollect (v) l scholar (n)
Æ Æ
11.4 nursery school (n) \ n‰…s(´)ri Æsku…l\ 11.12 co-educational (adj) \Æk´U edjU keISn´l\
In Britain, the school that children attend attended by both boys and girls
between the ages of 3 and 5 Our school has always been co-educational.
There are 300 pupils at this nursery school.
Æ
Æ 11.13 distraction (n) \dI strœkSn\
11.5 primary school (n) \ praIm´ri Æsku…l\ disturbance; interruption
In Britain, the school that children attend The noise coming from the construction
between the ages of 5 and 11 site opposite our school was a constant
Most children at primary school in Britain distraction.
have to wear a school uniform. l distract (v)
Æ Æ
11.6 prep school (n) \ prep Æsku…l\ 11.14 debate (v) \dI beIt\
a private school for children until the age to discuss; to argue
of 13 The teachers debated the causes of
Winston Churchill hated his prep school vandalism at the school.
and was a bad student. l debate (n)
Æ Æ
11.7 blossom (v) \ blÅs(´)m\ 11.15 state school (n) \ steIt Æsku…l\
to grow; to mature a school which is paid for by the
The little girl soon blossomed and became a government or local council
fine young lady. The reputation of state schools in the area
has improved over the last decade.
Æ
11.8 intellectually (adv) \ÆInt´ lektSu´li\ Æ
mentally 11.16 agonise (v) \ œg´ÆnaIz\
Despite his bad behaviour, intellectually to worry about a decision that has to be
Steven is one of the brightest pupils in the made
class. The research team agonised over the
l intellect (n), intellectual (n) (adj) outcome of their experiment.
l agony (n)

UNIT 11 51
 11 Learning

11.17 comprehensive
Æ
school (n)
\ÆkÅmprI hensIv Æsku…l\
Grammar 1 Page 144
Æ
a state school in Britain for children 11.26 field trip (n) \ fi…ld ÆtrIp\
above the age of 11 in which children of a school visit to a place, e.g. a museum
all abilities are taught The school went on a History field trip to
Lucy goes to the local comprehensive Vergina.
school. Æ
Æ
11.27 daydream (v) \ deIÆdri…m\
11.18 boarding school (n) \ bO…dIN Æsku…l\ to dream with one’s eyes open
a private school which pupils live at The teacher told me off for daydreaming in
Most private schools in the UK are boarding class.
schools as well. l daydream (n)
Æ
11.19 O levels (n) \ ´U Ælevlz\
school exams that have now been Vocabulary Page 145
replaced by GSCE exams Æ
11.28 apprentice (n) \´ prentIs\
My mum passed seven O levels when she
someone who is learning how to do a
was at school.
particular job
Æ He started off as an apprentice carpenter
11.20 consolation (n) \ÆkÅns´ leISn\ and he is now a famous furniture designer.
comfort; relief
After she lost her husband, the children Æ
11.29 tutor (n) \ tju…t´\
were her only consolation.
teacher; guide
l console (v)
The student consulted his tutor regarding
Æ the courses he would need to take that term.
11.21 excel at/in (v) \Ik sel ´t, œt\ In\ l tutorial (n)
to be very good at; to show talent in
He excelled in all his exams. Æ
11.30 get down to (phr v) \Æget daUn t´, tU\
l excellent (adj), excellence (n) to start doing something that needs a lot
Æ of attention
11.22 equivalent (n) \I kwIv´l´nt\ Since he had decided not to go out with the
the same thing others, Jack got down to his homework.
What’s the Greek equivalent of a secondary
school? Æ
11.31 go over (phr v) \Æg´U ´Uv´\
Æ to revise; to study something again
11.23 show off (phr v) \ÆS´U Åf\ I had made a mistake in the calculation
to talk with too much pride about the and I had to go over the figures again.
things that you have or can do
I can’t stand Julia; she’s always showing off Æ
11.32 look up (phr v) \ÆlUk øp\
her new expensive clothes. to search for some information in a book
Æ Look up his phone number in the phone
11.24 undergraduate (n) \Æønd´ grœdZU´t\ book!
a student studying for their first degree
(Bachelor’s) at college or university Æ
11.33 sail through (phr v) \ÆseIl Tru…\
While I was an undergraduate, I lived in to deal with something easily and
the university hostel. successfully
l graduate (n), postgraduate (n) Kate sailed through the exams and got
straight As.
11.25 fend for one’s
Æ
self (phr)
\Æfend f´ wøn self\ Æ
11.34 set out (phr v) \Æset aUt\
take care of one’s self to arrange
Now that the children are old enough to She set out the presents under the Christmas
fend for themselves, we can go away on tree.
holiday by ourselves.

52 UNIT 11
 11 Learning
Æ
11.35 work out (phr v) \Æw‰…k aUt\
to find the solution to a problem; to solve Reading 2 Pages 148 and 149
Æ
He worked out the answer to the Maths 11.43 reflection (n) \rI flekSn\
problem in his head. thought; consideration
Æ After days of reflection, Laura decided to
11.36 shoelaces (n) \ Su…ÆleIsIz\ quit her job.
string which holds together your shoes l reflect (v)
Tie your shoelaces before you fall over them!
11.44 (not)
Æ
amount to much (phr)
11.37 university campus
Æ
(phr) \´ maUnt t´ ÆmøtS\
\Æju…nIv‰…s´ti kœmp´s\ to (never) develop into; to (fail to)
the different buildings (library, canteen, become
student accommodation, etc) which You will never amount to much as a tennis
make up a university player unless you start practising harder.
Next year, I’m going to move off the Æ
university campus and rent a room in a 11.45 adrift (adj) \´ drIft\
house in town. alone; lost; with no purpose
Æ He found himself with no family, no friends,
11.38 assess (v) \´ ses\ no job and felt completely adrift ; what
to give someone a grade; to check a would he do?
student’s progress Æ
Having assessed us, the Drama teacher 11.46 comprehend (v) \ÆkÅmprI hend\
said that he wasn’t at all pleased with our understand
progress. Is the text easy to comprehend ?
l assessment (n) l comprehension (n)
Æ Æ
11.39 science lab (n) \ saI´ns Ælœb\ 11.47 controversial (adj) \ÆkÅntr´ v‰…Sl\
laboratory where scientific experiments causing discussion
take place Smoking in public places is a controversial
We have our Chemistry class in the school’s issue in Greece.
science lab where our teacher carries out l controversy (n)
simple experiments.
Æ
Æ 11.48 scepticism (n) \ skeptIÆsIz(´)m\
11.40 parrot fashion (adv) \ pœr´t ÆfœSn\ doubt; disbelief
learning to repeat the words without Scepticism is a characteristic of pessimistic
understanding them people.
Our History teacher doesn’t want us to learn l sceptic (n), sceptical (adj)
our lesson parrot fashion; that’s why she
always asks us different questions. Æ
11.49 withdraw (v) \wID drO…\
to remove; to take away
Simon was withdrawn from boarding
Listening Page 146 school by his parents – they could see how
unhappy he was.
11.41 praise (v) \preIz\
l withdrawal (n)
to tell someone that they have done
something well Æ
They should be praised for their hard work.
11.50 jumble (v) \ dZømbl\
to mix; to confuse
l praise (n)
The teacher gave the students some jumbled
letters and asked them to make as many
Speaking Page 147
words as possible.
Æ
11.42 tuition (n) \tju… ISn\
training; instruction
I worked through college to pay for my
tuition.

UNIT 11 53
 11 Learning

Use of English Page 151

Æ
11.51 stand in for (phr v) \Æstœnd In f´, fO…\
to do someone’s job for them; to replace
Ms Pope stands in for Ms Smith when she is
away on leave.
Æ
11.52 demolish (v) \dI mÅlIS\
to destroy a building; to pull down
The building next to my house will be
demolished.
l demolition (n)

Writing Page 152

Æ
11.53 intensive (adj) \In tensIv\
If a course of study is intensive, it means
that you do a lot in a short period of
time.
I took an FCE intensive course.
l intensively (adv)

Workbook
Æ
11.54 inmate (n) \ InÆmeIt\
someone who is kept in a prison or
psychiatric hospital
The inmates at the prison complained of
being treated badly.
Æ
11.55 rehabilitation (n) \Æri…´ÆbIlI teISn\
the activity of helping a former patient or
prisoner live a normal life again
The psychologist is trying to help with the
rehabilitation of the former drug addict.
l rehabilitate (v)
Æ
11.56 underprivileged (n) \Æønd´ prIv´lIdZd\
disadvantaged; poor
She’s a social worker; she tries to help the
underprivileged.
l privilege (n)
Opp.: privileged (adj)
Æ
11.57 a child prodigy (phr) \´ ÆtSaIld prÅd´dZi\
a child who shows great talent at a very
young age
Mozart was a child prodigy; he composed
music at the age of six.

54 UNIT 11
 12 The Law
The Law
Reading 1 Pages 154 and 155
Æ
12.1 desensitise (v) \di… sens´ÆtaIz\
to make someone less sensitive to pain,
light, etc
Watching news reports on the war in Iraq
has desensitised me to images of death and
tragedy.
l sensitive (adj)
Æ At the end of the film, the murderer was
12.2 fiction (n) \ fIkSn\
a story which is not based on true events
He likes to read fiction ; he reads a novel
every week.
l fictitious (adj)
Æ
12.3 whodunnit (n) \Æhu… dønIt\
a detective story
Agatha Christie’s books are some of those
whodunnits where you don’t find out who
the murderer is till the very end.
Æ
12.4 deter (from) (v) \dI t‰…\
to prevent; to discourage
High prices are deterring young people
from buying designer clothes.
l deterrent (n)
Æ
12.5 overreact (v) \Æ´Uv´ri œkt\
to show more emotion than necessary
The problem isn’t that serious; don’t
overreact !
Æ criminal; a person convicted of a crime
12.6 corresponding (adj) \ÆkÅr´ spÅndIN\
similar; matching
The number of pupils at the school this year
is 5% higher than the corresponding period
last year.
l correspond (v)
Æ an incorrect verdict which finds an
12.7 re-enact (v) \Æri…In œkt\
If you re-enact an incident or event, you
repeat the actions that took place.
My kids like to re-enact commercials they
see on TV; it’s a lot of fun sometimes!
12.8 crime doesn’tÆ pay (exp)
\ÆkraIm Ædøznt peI\
nothing good comes out of crime
Of course he ended up in jail; crime doesn’t
pay.
Æ
12.9 goody (n) \ gUdi\
a good person
In the Matrix, Neo is the goody and Agent
Smith is the baddie.
l Opp.: baddie (n)
Æ
12.10 justice is done (exp) \ÆdZøstIs Iz døn\
Justice is done when the ‘bad’ people are
punished for their crimes
arrested and justice was done.
Æ
12.11 come out on top (exp) \køm ÆaUt Ån tÅp\
to be more successful than the others
He had been competing against a colleague
for this promotion and in the end he came
out on top; now he’s manager of the
department.
Æ
12.12 repercussions (n) \Æri…p´ køSnz\
consequences, the end results
The attack on New York on September 11
had unbelievable repercussions.
12.13 nick (v) \nIk\
to steal
He was caught by the teacher nicking
money from another kid’s bag.
Grammar 1 Page 156
Æ
12.14 offender (n) \´ fend´\
The court is lenient with very young
offenders especially if it is their first offence.
l offence (n)
12.15 a miscarriage ofÆ justice (phr)
\´ ÆmIskœrIdZ ´v dZøstIs\
innocent person guilty of a crime they
didn’t commit
Many people oppose the death penalty
because of the possibility of miscarriages of
justice.
UNIT 12 55
 12 The Law
Æ Æ
12.16 come forward (phr v) \Ækøm fO…w´d\ 12.24 trial (n) \ traI´l\
to offer to give information in response the process of deciding in a court of law
to a request for help whether someone committed the crime
The police were asking the neighbours if that they are charged with
they had seen anything when a little boy This case is quite difficult and the trial is
came forward and said he had seen a expected to go on for many months.
suspicious man. l try (v)

12.17 trace (n) \treIs\ Æ

12.25 verdict (n) \ v‰…dIkt\
evidence; a mark; a sign the decision made by the jury at the end
The burglars had left no trace of their of a trial
fingerprints so the police would have a hard The verdict was unanimous; not guilty!
time tracking them down.
l trace (v) Æ
12.26 Crown Court (n) \ÆkraUn kO…t\
Æ a court where criminal cases are judged
12.18 confess (to) (v) \k´n fes t´, tU\ by a judge and jury
to admit to doing something wrong The case is being tried at the Crown Court.
In the end, the young man confessed to
stealing the motorbike. Æ
12.27 collapse (v) \k´ lœps\
l confession (n) to suddenly fail or stop existing
Opp.: deny (v) The trial collapsed after it was said that the
Æ judge was corrupt.
12.19 getaway (n) \ get´ÆweI\
escape 12.28 cÆharge someone with (a crime) (phr)
The robbers made their getaway in a stolen \ tSA…dZ Æsømwøn wID, wIT\
Mercedes.
to state officially that someone is believed
Æ to have committed a crime
12.20 unrepentant (adj) \ÆønrI pent´nt\ She’s been charged with murder.
not ashamed or sorry for something you
have done wrong Æ
12.29 testimony (n) \ testIm´ni\
The criminal remained unrepentant to the
last minute.
a person’s statement in court of law
Some doubt has been expressed about
l repent (v), repentance (n) whether their testimony was really true.
l testify (v)
Vocabulary Page 157 12.30 dismiss (v) \dIs mIs\
Æ
12.21 fraud (n) \frO…d\ to send away
the crime of lying about something in One member of the jury was dismissed on
order to deceive people the grounds of ill health.
He was sent to jail for two years for tax l dismissal (n)
fraud. Æ
12.31 make off with (phr v) \ÆmeIk Åf wID, wIT\
Æ to steal; to run away with
12.22 jury (n) \ dZU´ri\
the 12 men and women who decide on The burglars made off with some jewellery
the verdict at a criminal trial before the police arrived.
The jury took three weeks to reach a verdict. Æ
12.32 let off (phr v) \Ælet Åf\
Æ to excuse; not to punish someone for
12.23 solicitor (n) \s´ lIsIt´\
a lawyer; a person who legally represents doing something wrong
someone in a court of law The driver begged the traffic warden to let
My dad’s solicitor helped us with the him off but he wouldn’t hear it; he gave him
contracts. a ticket.

56 UNIT 12
 12 The Law
Æ Æ
12.33 go off (phr v) \Æg´U Åf\ 12.42 defendant (n) \dI fend´nt\
to explode someone who is accused of a crime
The bomb went off in a shopping centre full The defendant was very rich and paid for
of people. the best lawyer to represent him in court.
l defend (v), defence (n), defensive (adj)
Æ
12.34 get away with (phr v) \Æget ´ weI wID, wIT\ Æ
to escape without being punished 12.43 panel (n) \ pœnl\
Don’t do it; there’s no way you’ll get away a group of people chosen to do
with it. something, e.g. make a decision
Æ The talk show had a very interesting panel
12.35 set up (phr v) \Æset øp\ last night.
to make it appear that someone has
committed a crime even though they are
innocent, usually by giving false evidence Reading 2 Pages 160 and 161
He hadn’t done it; he was just set up by his Æ
so-called friends. 12.44 stick up (for someone) (phr v) \ÆstIk øp\
to stand up for; to defend someone
Æ against an attack
12.36 assault (n) \´ sO…lt\
a physical attack Thank you for sticking up for me; I really
appreciate it.
The woman accused her husband of
physical assault. Æ
l assault (v) 12.45 go on the run (exp) \Æg´U Ån D´ røn\
to try to escape/hide from the police
Æ The man went on the run and it was two
12.37 convict (v) \k´n vIkt\
weeks before the police caught up with him.
to find someone guilty of a crime
He has been convicted of robbery. Æ
12.46 be on remand (phr) \bi ÆÅn rI mA…nd\
l convict (n), conviction (n)
to be waiting for your trial to begin
The judge postponed the trial until the
12.38 pervert the course
Æ
of justice (phr) following week so the accused was on
\p´Æv‰…t D´ ÆkO…s ´v dZøstIs\ remand for another seven days.
to do something to deliberately prevent
the police from finding a criminal Æ
12.47 Boxing Day (n) \ bÅksIN ÆdeI\
The witness was accused of perverting the 26 December
course of justice by lying to the court. Boxing Day is a holiday; no one works on
that day.

Listening Page 158 12.48 standing ovation (n) \ÆstœndIN ´U veISn\

Æ
Æ long applause by an audience at the end
12.39 sentence (n) \ sent´ns\
the punishment that someone is given in of a performance
a court of law when they are found guilty Luciano Pavarotti was given a standing
He was given a ten-year prison sentence. ovation at the end of his performance.
l sentence (v)

12.40 plead (guilty/not guilty) (v) \pli…d\ Grammar 2 Page 162

to officially state in a court of law Æ
12.49 alibi (n) \ œlIbaI\
whether you committed the crime or not an explanation of where someone was
The defendant pleaded not guilty. at the time that a crime was committed,
l plea (n) used in order to prove their innocence
Æ His alibi was that he had been with friends
12.41 magistrate (n) \ mœdZIÆstreIt\ at the time of the robbery.
a member of the public with experience
who deals with minor crimes in a court Æ
12.50 assume (v) \´ sju…m\
of law to take on; to put on; to use
He is to appear before the magistrate today. He assumed a confident tone of voice and
told the police the truth.

UNIT 12 57
 12 The Law

Use of English Page 163 Writing Page 164

Æ
12.51 beyond a reasonable
Æ
doubt (phr) 12.58 forgery (n) \ fO…dZ´ri\
\bIÆjÅnd ´ Æri…zn´bl daUt\ the crime of making fake money,
If someone is convicted of a crime documents, etc
beyond a reasonable doubt, it means that He was charged with forgery; he had forged
there is absolute proof that the person is another person’s signature and cashed a
guilty. cheque.
He was found guilty of the murder beyond l forge (v), forger (n)
a reasonable doubt. Æ
Æ
12.59 manslaughter (n) \ mœnÆslO…t´\
12.52 persecution (n) \Æp‰…sI kju…Sn\ the crime of killing someone without
unfair treatment because of someone’s having planned to, or killing someone by
beliefs accident
It is unacceptable for any group of people in His crime was manslaughter and he
the 21st century to face persecution for their pleaded guilty.
religious beliefs.
Æ
l persecute (v), persecutor (n) 12.60 the death penalty (n) \D´ deT Æpenlti\
Æ capital punishment; punishment by death
12.53 prosecution (n) \ÆprÅsI kju…Sn\ Most European countries no longer have the
the action of bringing someone to trial death penalty.
The people demand the prosecution of those
responsible for the terrorist attack. 12.61 a suspendedÆ sentence (n)
l prosecute (v), prosecutor (n) \´ s´ÆspendId sent´ns\
Æ a punishment where someone will go to
12.54 collective (n) \k´ lektIv\ prison in the future (for the stated length
a group of people that own a business of time) if they commit another crime
The decisions made by the collective are in within a certain period
the company’s best interest. The defendant was given a two-month
suspended sentence.
12.55 hint (n) \hInt\
a suggestion; a clue 12.62 communityÆ service (n)
What’s the surprise? Come on! Give me a \k´Æmju…n´ti s‰…vIs\
hint! unpaid work that you do instead of going
l hint at (v) to prison
Æ After being arrested for smashing a
12.56 proceedings (n) \D´ pr´ si…dINz\ window, Ken was sentenced to two months’
the series of events that take place in a community service.
certain place
He’s decided to start legal proceedings
against his boss for unfair dismissal. Workbook
12.57 page (v) \peIdZ\ 12.63 drawÆ level with someone (phr)
to call for someone on a small electronic \ÆdrO… levl wID Æsømwøn\
machine called a pager to get closer to someone until you are by
Doctors get paged when they are needed at their side
the hospital. I was walking down the street when I felt
somebody drawing level with me; it was
l pager (n)
my friend Jamie.

12.64 claim responsibility

Æ
(phr)
\ÆkleIm rIÆspÅns´ bIl´ti\
to say you are responsible for something
The two friends claimed responsibility for
the broken classroom window.

58 UNIT 12
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Revision 2
Reading Pages 168 and 169
R2.10 pace (n) \peIs\
Æ
R2.1 be parted from (v) \bi pA…tId fr´m, frÅm\ a step
be separated from He had only gone a few paces when he
It was sad to see the mother being parted turned back as he realised he had forgotten
from her children. his keys.
l pace (v)
Æ
R2.2 stamp one’s feet (phr) \Æstœmp wønz fi…t\
to put your feet down very hard on the R2.11 chase (v) \tSeIs\
ground (because you’re angry) to run after; to follow
Stop stamping your feet Georgie! You’re not The police chased the robbers who were
going out, and that’s final! trying to escape.
l chase (n)
Æ
R2.3 tiled floor (phr) \ÆtaIld flO…\
a floor which is made up of tiles or
squares of coloured clay Use of English Page 172
A tiled floor is probably the most practical Æ
floor to have in a kitchen.
R2.12 puzzled (adj) \ pøzld\
confused
I was puzzled by my friend’s attitude; he
R2.4 stud (n) \stød\ had never talked to me like that before.
one of the small, hard things on the
l puzzle (v)
bottom of football boots
Footballers can inflict quite a lot of damage
with the studs on the bottom of their boots.
Æ
R2.5 weary (adj) \ wI´ri\
tired; exhausted
She was so weary after a hard day’s work
that she couldn’t even lift the shopping bags.
Æ
R2.6 sheepish (adj) \ Si…pIS\
embarrassed for having done something
wrong or silly
When I asked him about the girl, he gave a
sheepish grin and turned away.
l sheepishly (adv)
Æ
R2.7 urgency (n) \ ‰…dZ(´)nsi\
importance; necessity
The children realised the urgency of the
matter and went to help.
l urgent (adj)

R2.8 drift (v) \drIft\

to be carried somewhere in a boat by the
wind or the water
The boat drifted away into the open sea.
Æ
R2.9 get at (v) \ get œt\
to mean something; to suggest
I don’t really understand what you’re
getting at!

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