SCIENCE UNIT 4 - NATURAL PHENOMENA (10.

OUR UNIVERSE)

Questions with Answers

# Q1. What is solar system?
A1. Solar system refers to the Sun, and all the objects that revolve around it which includes planets,
natural satellites, such as Moon, asteroid belt, comets and meteoroids.

# Q2. What are terrestrial planets?

A2. The four planets closest to the Sun- Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called the terrestrial planets.
They have solid rocky surfaces.

# Q3. Write the difference between Gas giants and Ice giants.
A3.

Gas giants Ice giants

1. Gas giants are planets which are mostly made up 1. Ice giants are planets which are mostly made of
of hydrogen and helium. heavier elements such as nitrogen, oxygen,
carbon and sulphur.
2. Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants. 2. Uranus and Neptune are called ice giants.

# Q4. Define the Earth’s crust.

A4. The outermost layer of the Earth is called the crust. The crust is made up of rocks and its thickness
varies from 5 km under the ocean floor to 31 km under the continents. It has continents and oceans.

# Q5. Name the three layers of Earth.

A5. The three layers of the Earth are: 1) Crust: Outermost layer of the Earth. 2) Mantle: Layer under the
crust. 3) Core: Innermost layer and centre of the Earth.

# Q6. Write short note on Sun.

A6. The sun is a huge ball of fire and gases that gives us heat and light. It is a star and centre of the
solar system. The Earth and all the other planets revolve around the Sun. The Sun has a thin layer of
atmosphere called corona which we sometimes see during the eclipse. The Sun consists of gases like
hydrogen and helium. With great pressure, hydrogen changes into helium and release a lot of heat
and light energy- which we call solar energy.

# Q7. Describe the surface of the moon.

A7. The moon is our nearest neighbour in space. There is no atmosphere on the moon. It has craters,
mountains and planes with huge dust. Craters are formed when meteorites crash on the Moon’s
surface. The surface is billion of years old. The Moon has a crust, upper and lower mantles and an
iron rich core in the centre. It has very less gravity, one sixth that of Earth.

# Q8. Name the different phases of the Moon.

A8. There are 8 phases of Moon. They are- 1. New moon, 2. Waxing crescent, 3. First Quarter, 4. Waxing
gibbous, 5. Full moon, 6. Waning gibbous, 7 Third Quarter, 8. Waning crescent.

# Q9. What are artificial satellites? State its uses.

A9. 1. The human build objects or spacecrafts that orbit in the space are called artificial satellites.
2. Uses: (i) Some satellites are used for collecting data on weather and they are called weather
satellites.
(ii) Some satellites help us to communicate on mobile phones, they are called
communication satellites. They also help in television transmission from one country to
another, Internet, etc.
(iii) Some satellites give scientists information about the solar system, they are called
scientific satellites.

Contd .. Pg(2)
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# Q10. What is eclipse? Differentiate between solar and lunar eclipse.

A10. Eclipse is complete or partial obscuring of a celestial body by another. An eclipse occurs when three
celestial bodies becomes aligned.

Solar eclipse Lunar eclipse

1. Solar eclipse is the one in which the Moon blocks 1. Lunar eclipse is the one in which the Moon is not
sunlight and casts a shadow on Earth. able to receive sunlight and Earth casts a shadow
on Moon.
2. The Moon comes in between the Sun and the 2. The Earth comes in between Sun and Moon.
Earth.
3. Solar eclipse occurs during day. 3. Lunar eclipse occurs during night.
4. The solar eclipse happens in the New moon 4. Lunar eclipse occurs during the Full moon phase.
phase.

# Q11. Name some Indian Artificial satellites.

A11. Some Indian Artificial satellites are - Aryabhatta, INSAT 2A, 2B etc. The Mass Orbiter Mission called
Mangalyaan was launched on November 5, 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organization
(ISRO).

# Q12. Give Reasons

A12.

(a) The astronauts grows several centimetres
during a space mission.
(b) Life is not possible on Moon.
(a) The astronauts grow several centimetres during
a space mission because their spine stretches
due to the absence of gravity. Once they return
to the Earth, they shrink back to their normal
height.
(b) Life is not possible on Moon because there is no
atmosphere on Moon, so it experiences an
extreme temperature. Moreover moon does not
have air and water which supports life.

# Q13. Answer in one/two/three words.

A13.

#(a) Name the first space flight landed on Moon with humans. (a) Apollo 11
#(b) Name the three astronauts who landed on the moon. (b) Michael Collins, Neil
Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin.
#(c) Name the first man to step on the moon. (c) Neil Armstrong
#(d) Time taken by Moon to complete one orbit around the Earth. (d) 27 days
#(e) Thin layer of Sun's atmosphere. (e) Corona
#(f) Name two minerals found in Earth’s crust. (f) Sodium and Potassium
#(g) Name two metals found in mantle of the Earth. (g) Iron and magnesium
#(h) Name the metals of which the inner core is made of. (h) Iron and nickel
#(i) Full form of ISRO. (i) Indian Space Research
Organization
#(j) Name the gases present in the Sun. (j) Hydrogen and Helium
(k) Pluto is now considered as ___? (k) Dwarf planet.
(l) What is Sun made up of? (l) Hydrogen and helium.
(m)How much time does the Earth take to orbit the Sun? (m) 24hours
(n) If the right side of the moon is dark and the light part is (n) Waning.
shrinking, the moon is referred to as ____.
OR Past full moon and moving toward a new Moon is called

Q14. Name the planets according to the distance from the Sun.
A14. According to the distance from the Sun the eight planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.

Q15. What is solar energy?

A15. The Sun consists of gases like hydrogen and helium. With great pressure, hydrogen changes into
helium and release a lot of heat and light energy- which we call solar energy.

Q16. How is moon different from the Earth?

A16. Being so close to Earth , Moon is different from it as it has no atmosphere, less gravity and no water to
support life.

Contd .. Pg(3)
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Q17. Why do we see different appearances of the Moon every day?

A17. Moon reflects the light of the Sun. While it orbits the Erath, different parts of Moon get light from the
Sun and hence we see different shapes of the Moon every day.

Q17. What is Umbra and Penumbra?

A17. Umbra and Penumbra occurs during Lunar Eclipse. When Earth’s shadow completely blocks the
sunlight, the shadow is called Umbra. When the Earth blocks only a part of the sunlight, the shadow is
called penumbra.

Q18. During what eclipse we cannot see the Moon at all?

A18. Total Lunar Eclipse.

Q19. Who manned the spacecraft when Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin stayed on Moon’s
surface for 2 ½ hours?
A19. Michael Collins.

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 SCIENCE UNIT 4 - NATURAL PHENOMENA (10. OUR UNIVERSE)

Questions
# Q1. What is solar system?

# Q2. What are terrestrial planets?

# Q3. Write the difference between Gas giants and Ice giants.

# Q4. Define the Earth’s crust.

# Q5. Name the three layers of Earth.

# Q6. Write short note on Sun.

# Q7. Describe the surface of the moon.

# Q8. Name the different phases of the Moon.

# Q9. What are artificial satellites? State its uses.

# Q10. What is eclipse? Differentiate between solar and lunar eclipse.

# Q11. Name some Indian Artificial satellites.

# 12. Give Reasons

(a) The astronauts grows several centimetres during a space mission.
(b) Life is not possible on Moon.

# Q13. Answer in one/two/three words.

#(a) Name the first space flight landed on Moon with humans.
#(b) Name the three astronauts who landed on the moon.
#(c) Name the first man to step on the moon.
#(d) Time taken by Moon to complete one orbit around the Earth.
#(e) Thin layer of Sun's atmosphere.
#(f) Name two minerals found in Earth’s crust.
#(g) Name two metals found in mantle of the Earth.
#(h) Name the metals of which the inner core is made of.
#(i) Full form of ISRO.
#(j) Name the gases present in the Sun.
(k) Pluto is now considered as ___?
(l) What is Sun made up of?
(m)How much time does the Earth take to orbit the Sun?
(n) If the right side of the moon is dark and the light part is shrinking, the moon is
referred to as ____.
OR Past full moon and moving toward a new Moon is called

Q14. Name the planets according to the distance from the Sun.

Q15. What is solar energy?

Q16. How is moon different from the Earth?

Q17. Why do we see different appearances of the Moon every day?

Q17. What is Umbra and Penumbra?

Q18. During what eclipse we cannot see the Moon at all?

Q19. Who manned the spacecraft when Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin stayed on Moon’s
surface for 2 ½ hours?
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