Course Number: MEM 703 Course Title: Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

Class: B.Tech. Status of Course: Core Course, Approved Since Session: 2013-14
Total Credits: 3.0 Periods(50 mts each)/week: 4(L:3,T:1,P:0,S:0) Min Periods per Semester: 52

UNIT 1
REFRIGERATION: Introduction. Methods of Refrigeration (change in phase, expansion of liquids,
adiabatic expansion of a gas, thermoelectric cooling, adiabatic demagnetization, ice refrigeration,
evaporative refrigeration, steam jet refrigeration). Carnot refrigeration cycle, COP, concept of heat
pump, Unit of refrigeration Capacity. Applications of refrigeration.
Air refrigeration: Air refrigeration cycle. Bell Coleman air refrigerator, Advantages of using air
refrigeration in Aircraft. Simple, Bootstrap, Regenerative and reduced ambient type systems.
Performance of air refrigeration systems, Comparison of different air cooling systems for aircraft.

UNIT 2
SIMPLE VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE: Simple vapour compression refrigeration system, different
compression processes (wet, dry and saturated compression, super heated compression), Coefficient of
performance with and without superheating and under-cooling. Compressor volumetric efficiency.
Application of T-S diagram and P-H charts. Effects of operating conditions on the performance of the
system. Advantages and disadvantages of vapour compression system over air refrigeration system.
Important refrigerants, nomenclature and their properties. Insulating materials and their properties and
applications. Leak detection. Charging of refrigerants.

UNIT 3
COMPOUND VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM: Methods of improving COP, flash chamber, flash
inter cooler, Compound vapour compression system with and without inter-cooling for single and multi
evaporators. Cascading. Manufacturing of dry ice. Refrigeration equipment-expansion/throttling devices.
Refrigeration load calculations.
Absorption system: Simple and improved absorption systems. COP of absorption system, Electrolux
system, Lithium bromide water absorption system.

UNIT 4
PSYCHROMETRY: Psychrometric properties of air. Adiabatic saturation temperature. Psychrometric
charts. Locating state points. Process of heating, cooling, humidification and de-humidification on charts.
Chemical de-humidification.
AIR CONDITIONING: Factors affecting air conditioning systems. Industrial and comfort air conditioning.
Human requirements of Comfort. Comfort charts. Ventilation requirements. Applications of air
conditioning, Automotive Air-Conditioning.

UNIT 5
EQUIPMENTS AND CONTROLS: Air conditioning equipments and system layout. Distribution of air
through ducts, grills, filters, etc. Simple automatic system for temperature and humidity using face and
bypass damper and reheat method.
INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATION: Transport air conditioning, evaporative condensers,
cooling towers, heat pumps.

SUGGESTED READING:
􀂊S Domkundwar & SC Arora: A COURSE IN REFRIGERATION & AIR CONDITIONING
􀂊Stoecker: REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
􀂊Manohar Lal: REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
􀂊CP Arora: REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
 D.E.I. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
QUESTION BANK - MEM 703: REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
VII SEMESTER B.Tech. (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING), 2016-2017

UNIT - 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. State the various methods of cooling. Explain any four methods in detail stating their applications
in the practical life.
1.2 (a) Discuss the important applications of refrigeration in Industrial and medical fields.
(b) Discuss in brief the historical development of RAC.
(c) Explain the following methods of cooling and state where they are used in practice:
(i) Expansion of liquids (ii) emptying process (iii) Dissolution of salts in water
1.3. Write short notes on any three of the following:
a. Magnetic cooling b. Cooling by change of phase, stating its merits and demerits c.Steam jet
refrigeration d. Reversible adiabatic expansion of perfect gas e. Unit of refrigeration capacity.
AIR REFRIGERATION CYCLE

1.4 (a) Prove that in the case of Bell Coleman cycle using polytropic processes for compression and
expansion, the expression for C.O.P. is  ( n  1) 1
C.O.P.  x x
n (  1) ( n 1)
( rp  1) n
 is the ratio of specific heats, n is the index of expansion and compression, r p is the
ratio of pressures.
(b) An air refrigerator works between the pressure limits of 1 bar and 5 bar. The temperature of
air entering the compressor and expansion cylinder are 10oC and 25oC respectively. The expansion
and compression follow the law PV 1.3  C. Find: (a) Theoretical C.O.P. (b) If the load on the
refrigerating machine is 10 tons, find the rate of air circulating per minute through the system
assuming the A.C.O.P. is 50% of T.C.O.P. (c) Length and diameter of double acting compressor
when running at 400 rpm and having L/D ratio of 1.5. Assume volumetric efficiency as 85%. Take
CP = 0.24 and CV = 0.17.
1.5 A dense air refrigerator is used for absorbing 2000 kJ/min. The expansion cylinder and
compression cylinder work as double acting. The pressure limits for compressor and expander are
16 bar and 4 bar. Compressor sucks in air at 4oC and discharges at 20oC to the expansion cylinder.
Mechanical efficiency of both compressor and expansion motor is 82%. For 250 rpm and 25cm
stroke of both compressor and expander, determine - (a) Power required to drive the unit. (b)
Bore of compressor and expansion cylinder if volumetric efficiency of each is 85%. (c) Ice tonnage
from water at 0oC per day. Assume isentropic compression and expansion.
1.6 An air cooling system for a jet plane operates on simple air cycle. The cockpit is to be maintained
at 25oC. The ambient air temperature and pressure are -15oC and 0.35 bar respectively. The
pressure ratio of jet compressor is 3. The plane speed is 1000 km/hr. The pressure drop through
the cooler coil is 0.1 bar. The pressure of the air leaving the cooling turbine is 1.06 bar and that in
cockpit is 1.01325 bar. The cockpit cooling load is 58.05 kW. Neglect friction losses and assume
that air is dry and behaves as a perfect gas with   14 . . Determine: (a) The stagnation
temperature and pressure of air entering the compressor (b) mass flow rate of air circulated (c)
 Volume handled by the compressor and expander (d) Net power delivered by the engine to the
refrigeration unit (e) C.O.P. of the cycle.
1.7 In an aircraft refrigeration system, cabin supercharger draws air at 1 bar and discharges at 2 bar
and 130oC. 25 kg/min of this air is supplied to a primary intercooler. The cooling capacity of the
intercooler is 1600 kJ/min. Air then enters the secondary compressor to raise the pressure to 3.2
bar with isentropic efficiency of 75%. Air discharged from the compressor is intercooled in a
secondary intercooler with the cooling capacity of 1660 kJ/min. Air is then expanded in a turbine
for reducing the pressure to 1.1 bar with isentropic efficiency of 68%. Determine: (a) Power
required to drive the secondary compressor. (b) Tons of refrigeration if the air is discharged from
the cabin at 24oC.
1.8 The reduced ambient system of air refrigeration for an aircraft comprises of two cooling turbines
with heat exchanger in between and the fan run by the power output from both the cooling
turbines. The aircraft speed is 1500 km/hr. The ram efficiency is assumed to be 90%. The ambient
air temperature and pressure are -40oC and 0.25 bar. The air passing through heat exchanger is
discharged to the atmosphere with the help of fan. The compressed air is cooled to 50 C in heat
exchanger. The pressure ratio of the main compressor run by a turbine from which air is bled off
for the refrigeration purposes is 4. There is pressure loss 0.05 bar at the supply air nozzle to the
cabin. Assuming isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine to be 85% find: (a) Mass flow
rate of the air supplied to the cabin if cooling load in the cabin is 25 tons. (b) Air flow rate of ram
air passed over heat exchanger if its maximum rise in temperature is limited to 12 C. (c) Power
required for cooling and pressurisation of cabin (d) C.O.P. of the system. The temperature of air
leaving the cabin should not exceed 25oC and pressure required in the cabin 1 bar. Assuming
ramming is isentropic and weight of cooled air passing through the heat exchanger is equal to the
weight of cooling air.
1.9 (a) Discuss why artificial cooling is required in aeroplanes.
(b) Explain the factors considered in selecting the refrigeration system in aeroplanes. When is the
regenerative cooling system preferred over other systems?
(c) Draw the performance curves for all air cycle cooling systems and compare them.
1.10 How and why does the power required to cool and power required to pressurize the aircraft cabin
vary with altitude?
1.11 Describe various air refrigeration systems briefly giving their specific applications
1.12 Describe the effect of temperatures of heat rejection and absorption on air refrigeration system

UNIT – 2
SIMPLE VAPOUR COMPRESSION CYCLE
2.1 (a) Carnot cycle has best COP for refrigeration and heat pump. Comment.
(b) Establish a relation between COP of a refrigerator and a heat pump. For heating a space, which
would be a better option- a heat pump or an electric heater? Why?
2.2 Discuss the effects of following operating conditions on vapour compression cycle:
(a) Effect of evaporator pressure, (b) effect of condenser pressure, (c) effect of suction vapour
superheat, (d) effect of liquid sub cooling.
2.3 Show the actual vapour compression cycle on p-h and T-s diagrams and discuss the deviations
w.r.t. simple saturated vapour compression cycle.
2.4. An ice producing machine produces 20 tons of ice in 24 hours when water is supplied at 0oC. The
temperature range of the machine is -15oC to 25oC. The vapour leaves the compressor in dry and
saturated condition and there is no undercooling in the condenser. If the actual COP is 75% of the
 theoretical COP, find the IHP of the compressor. The properties of NH3 used in the machine as
refrigerant may be taken as follows.
Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy of liquid Entropy of vapour
°C Liquid Vapour (kJ/kg-K) (kJ/kg-K)
25 317.687 1483.18 1.40843 5.3175
-15 131.275 1443.90 0.74264 5.8223
2.5 (a) Find the theoretical C.O.P. for a CO2 machine working between the temperature range of 25 oC
and -5oC. The dryness fraction of CO2 during the suction stroke is 0.6. The properties may be taken
from the following table.

Temperature Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy of liquid Entropy of vapour

°C Liquid Vapour (kJ/kg-K) (kJ/kg-K)
25 159.7 279.9 0.573 0.976
-5 72.0 320.5 0.278 1.205
(b) How many tons of ice would be manufactured from water at 10 oC in 24 hours if 15 Kg of CO2 is
circulated per minute and R.C.O.P. is 40%.
2.6 During the test of a refrigeration plant using F-12, the following observations were made -
Pressure range 11.02 bar to 1.86 bar
Temp. of refrigerant at the entry and exit of condenser 65oC and 32oC
Rate of flow of cooling water 15 Kg/min.
Rise in temperature of cooling water 8oC
M.E.P. in compressor 3.6 bar
Ice produced in 8 hours 350 Kg
Temp. of water supplied for ice production 2oC
Latent heat of Ice 335 kJ/kg
Bore of the compressor 90 cm
Stroke of the compressor 70 cm
R.P.M. of the compressor 600
Compressor is double acting. Find -
(a) Theoretical C.O.P. of the system (b) Actual C.O.P. of the system (c) mass flow rate of Freon - 12
in kg per minute.
2.7 A food storage refrigeration system requires 12 tons capacity to maintain the food at -8oC. The
condenser temperature is 30oC. The vapour leaving the evaporator is superheated by 6 oC and the
liquid leaving the condenser is subcooled by 5oC. Find -
(a) Theoretical C.O.P. (b) Theoretical H.P. (c) Weight of refrigerant circulated per minute
Assume that the compressor is single acting and of two cylinders and is operating at 900 rpm. Also
assume the stroke as 1.5 times of its bore. Also find out the volumetric efficiency and bore and
stroke if clearance is 2%.
2.8 A simple NH3 system operates with a capacity of 150 tons. Condensation temperature in the
condenser is 35oC. The evaporation temperature in the brine cooler is -25oC. NH3 leaves the
evaporator and enters the compressor at -8oC. Ammonia enters the expansion valve at 30oC. Wire
drawings through the compressor valves: suction valve : 0.118 bar, Discharge valve : 0.23 bar,
compression exponent 1.22, volumetric efficiency 75%. Calculate-
(a) power required to drive the compressor (b) Heat transferred to the cylinder water jacket (c)
Piston displacement in m3/min (d) Heat transfer in condenser (e) C.O.P.
2.9 An ammonia refrigerating plant works between 3.036 bar and 10.046 bar and circulates 2 kg of
ammonia per minute. The ammonia leaves the compressor in superheated condition with total
heat of 1746 kJ/kg. After condensation the ammonia is undercooled to 20 oC. Assuming that the
compression is isentropic, find out the C.O.P. of the system. If the compressor is single acting and
runs at 200 rpm, find out the dimensions of the cylinder assuming L/D = 1.5 and volumetric
efficiency of the compressor to be 80%.
2.10 (a) An ideal F - 12 compression refrigerating cycle operates between 0.8069 bar and 7.45 bar. Dry
saturated vapour enters the compressor and Freon at 7.45 bar and 15oC enters the expansion
valve. Compression is isentropic. Find (i) The power input in kW for 20 tons refrigerating
capacity. (ii) Actual C.O.P. if R.C.O.P. is 60%.
(b) Discuss why dry compression in compressors is preferred over wet compression.
2.11 (a) An NH3 compression refrigerator works between 30oC and -10oC. The vapour comes out of the
evaporator in dry condition. Find out the C.O.P. of the system.
(b) If the actual C.O.P. is 60% of the theoretical value, find the rate of circulation of ammonia for
producing 2 tons of ice per day at 0oC from water at 25oC. Latent heat of ice is 335kJ/kg.

UNIT – 3
COMPOUND VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM

3.1 Layout of a vapour compression system is given in fig. 1. Obtain the expressions for C.O.P. and
power required for the system:

3.2 A refrigeration system is shown in fig.2. F-12 is used as refrigerant in the system. Find out:
(a) Power required to run the system (b) C.O.P. of the system.
3.3 A compound compression system is used to take a single load as shown in fig.3. F-12 is used as
refrigerant in the system. Find: (a) Power required to run the system. (b) How does the C.O.P. of
this system vary as compared to simple cycle between the same temperature limits?
3.4 A three stage ammonia refrigeration system with flash intercooling operates between the overall
pressure limits of 2 bar and 12 bar. The flash intercooling pressures are 4 bar and 8 bar. The load
on the evaporator is 10 tons of refrigeration. (i) Find the power required to run the system. (b)
Compare the COP of the system with that of simple saturation cycle working between the same
overall pressure limits.
3.5 In a multiple expansion valve and individual compressor and evaporator system of vapour
compression plant, there are three evaporators of capacities 10 tons at 10 oC, 20 tons at 5 oC and
30 tons at -10 oC. One condenser at 40 oC handles the refrigerant flow and sub-cools the exit from
it to 30 C. The discharge from each evaporator is dry saturated and the refrigerant used is Freon-
12. Compression in each compressor may be assumed isentropic. Determine the following: (i)
Refrigerating effect/kg in each evaporator, (ii) Mass flow rate in each evaporator, (iii) Compressor
power, (iv) Heat rejected in the condenser, (v) COP of the plant.
3.6 (a) Discuss the difficulties encountered in the production of low temperatures with the help of a
single or multi stage vapour compression refrigeration system.
(b) Explain with a neat sketch the production of solid CO2 through three stage compression and
flash intercooling. Also show the p-h cycle for this system.
3.7 Explain the working of a three stage cascade system with neat sketch and p-h diagrams.
3.8 Explain with the help of a neat sketch the operation of an ice plant.
3.9 (a) Explain the working of thermostatic expansion valve with the help of a neat sketch. Can this be
used to control the temperature?
(b) What are the advantages of low side float valve over high side float valve?
3.10 (a) Discuss the points which are considered in selecting a condenser for a refrigeration system.
(b) Where air cooled condensers are preferred over water cooled condensers? Give examples
with specific reasons.
3.11 Explain the working of the following types of evaporators with neat sketches:
(a) Flooded evaporators (b) Natural convection evaporators (c) Shell and the tube evaporator (d)
Baudelot cooler. Specify the fields of their applications.
3.12 Explain with the help of a neat sketch the operation of a cold storage plant.
3.13 Describe any three types of condensers with neat sketches, stating their specific applications.
3.14 What are the properties of a good refrigerant? What factors are considered for selecting
refrigerant for a particular application?
3.15 What are the various insulating materials used in refrigeration? Mention their specific
applications. Also mention their desirable properties.
3.16 Write short notes on the following:
(a) Methods of leak detection (b) Charging of refrigerant.

ABSORPTION SYSTEM

3.17 What modifications are necessary on a simple absorption refrigeration system in order to improve
the performance of the system? Give a neat sketch of improved ‘Ammonia Absorption System’.
3.18 Draw a neat compact diagram of ‘Lithium Bromide Water Absorption system’ and explain its
working. State its demerits.
3.19 What do you understand by three fluid refrigeration system? Explain the working principle of such
systems with a neat sketch. What are its advantages over other types of absorption systems?
3.20 (a) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of vapour absorption and vapour compression system.
 (b) Find out the condition in case of ‘vapour absorption system’ that the generator temperature
should be greater than condenser temperature and condenser temperature should be greater
than evaporator temperature for its successful operation.

UNIT – 4
PSYCHROMETRY

4.1 Explain (i) Enthalpy of humid air (ii) Wet bulb depression (iii) Specific humidity (iv) Humid specific
volume (v) Relative humidity (vi) Dew point temperature.
4.2 10 grams of moisture per kg of dry air is removed from atmospheric air when it is passed through
an air conditioning system and its temperature becomes 30 oC. the atmospheric conditions are
40oC DBT and 60% RH. find out: (a) relative humidity (b) WBT (c) dew point temperature.
4.3 One kg of air at 2oC DBT and 80% RH is mixed with 2 Kg. of air at 30oC DBT and 10oC dew point
temperature. The mixed air is passed through cooling coil with a rate of 200 m3/min. The
temperature of air coming out of the cooling coil is 15oC DBT. Calculate: (a) DBT and specific
humidity of air after mixing (b) Cooling load on the coil in tons of refrigeration.
4.4 200 m3 of air is passed through an adiabatic humidifier per minute. The condition of air at inlet is
40oC DBT and 15% RH and outlet condition is 25oC DBT and 20oC WBT. Calculate: (a) Dew point
temperature (b) Relative humidity of exit air (c) Amount of water vapour added to the air per
minute.
4.5 One kg of air at 40oC DBT and 50% RH is mixed with 2 kg. of air at 20oC DBT and 12oC dew point
temperature. Calculate the temperature and specific humidity of the mixture.
4.6 An auditorium of 1000 seating capacity is conditioned for the given data:
Outdoor conditions : 35oC and 65% RH
Required indoor conditions : 15oC and 40% RH
Quantity of air supplied : 0.5 m3 per min per person
The required condition is achieved first by cooling and dehumidification and then heating. Find out
the following : (a) Capacity of the cooling coil in tons of refrigeration (b) Capacity of heating coil in
KW (c) By pass factor of heating coil if the surface temperature of coil is 22 oC.
4.7 Air at 26oC and 60% RH is required for some industrial purpose when atmospheric conditions are
42oC DBT and 29oC WBT. The quantity of air required is 500 m3 per minute. The required condition
is achieved first by cooling and dehumidification and then by heating. If the dew point
temperature of the cooling coil is 10oC, find out the following : (a) Cooling coil capacity in tons of
refrigeration and its bypass factor (b) Quantity of steam required per hour at 2kg/cm 2 in saturated
state used in heating coil. Assume only latent heat is used for heating (c) capacity of the
eliminator.
4.8 Cold dry air at 10oC and 60% RH is required for an industrial purpose, when ambient conditions are
41oC DBT and 25oC WBT. The required conditions are achieved first by cooling and
dehumidification and then by chemical dehumidification and lastly by cooling. The dew point
temperature of the cooling coil is 5oC and bypass factor is 0.24. If the quantity of air is 200 m3/min,
find the capacities of different equipments used.
4.9 An air conditioning system is to be designed for a cinema hall of 1000 seating capacity when the
following data is given:
Outdoor conditions : 11oC and 70% RH
Indoor required conditions : 20oC and 60% RH
 Amount of air supplied : 0.3 m3 per minute per person
The required conditions are achieved first by heating, then by adiabatic humidification and finally
by heating. The condition of air coming out of the humidifier is 75% RH. Find:
(a) Heating capacity of first heater in KW and the condition of air coming out of the first heating
coil. Also find the surface temperature required if the bypass factor is 0.3.
(b) Heating capacity of second heater in KW and bypass factor if the surface temperature of the
coil is maintained at 22oC.
(c) Quantity of water required for humidification.
4.10 An auditorium of 500 seating capacity is air conditioned for summer season. Following data is
given:
Outdoor conditions : 38oC and 50% RH
Required comfort conditions : 22oC and 55% RH
Quantity of conditioned air supplied : 0.3 m3 /minute/person
65% of the conditioned air is re-circulated and mixed with the fresh atmospheric air. Dew point of
the cooling coil is 10oC. The required condition is achieved first by cooling and dehumidification
and then by heating. Find: (a) Condition of air after mixing (b) Capacity of the cooling coil in tons of
refrigeration and its bypass factor (c) Condition of air before entering the heating coil (d) Quantity
of steam required per hour in the heating coil if the steam is supplied at 100 oC saturated. Assume
only latent heat is used for heating.
4.11 The following two indoor conditions give same comfort when outdoor conditions are 38oC and
60% RH:
(i) 20oC DBT and 60% RH (ii) 24oC DBT and 50% RH
The required conditions are achieved first by cooling and dehumidifying and then by heating. Dew
point temperature of the cooling coils is 10oC. If the supply of outdoor air is 500 M3/min, find the
running cost of the plant for 24 hours working for both comfort conditions. Also find the bypass
factor of the cooling coil in both the cases. Assume cost of cooling = Rs. 8/= per ton per hour, cost
of heating = Rs. 6/= per KWH.

AIR CONDITIONING
4.12 (a) Explain the difference between comfort air conditioning and industrial air conditioning.
(b) Define the human comfort and explain the factors which affect human comfort.
4.13 Describe the different methods of air conditioning system. After explaining the suitability of each,
state their relative merits and demerits.
4.14 (a) Discuss the thermodynamics of human body and describe the mechanism of human body
which controls the human temperature as per the atmosphere conditions.
(b) Define the term effective temperature and explain its importance in air conditioning systems.
Describe the factors which affect the effective temperature.
4.15 (a) Explain comfort chart and zone of comfort for year round air conditioning.
(b) Why ventilation is required? Explain why different ventilation standards for different purposes
are recommended.
UNIT – 5

EQUIPMENTS AND CONTROLS

5.1 (a) What are the various impurities in the atmospheric air? Explain the effect of these impurities
on human health.
(b) Explain the working of electric filter with the help of a neat sketch. State its merits and
demerits.
5.2 Discuss the objects and essentials of air distribution system. Explain the various air distribution
systems with the help of neat sketches.
5.3 (a) What are the purposes of automatic control? Draw the layout of the pneumatic proportional
control unit and explain its working.
(b) How face and bypass control system helps in obtaining the desired condition for a conditioned
space? Explain with the help of a neat sketch.
5.4 (a) Explain the importance of the control system in air-conditioning plant. Which are the basic
elements of control system? Explain after giving a neat layout, their functions in detail.
(b) Explain with a neat sketch how the desired comfort conditions are maintained in ‘All year
conditioning control systems’.
5.5 Write short notes on any three of the following. Support your answer with a neat sketch as far as
possible-
(a) Cooling and dehumidification and reheat control (b) Window air-conditioners
(c) Absorbers (d) Actuator elements
(e) Mechanical separation humidifier (f) Viscous filters
(g) Applications of air-conditioning (h) Thermal shock
5.6 Draw a neat layout of year round air-conditioning system and explain its working principle. Show
the psychrometric processes for winter conditions on Psychrometric chart as set in this system.
5.7 For what various purposes Air-conditioning is applied in Industries. Explain in detail.
5.8 Give a neat sketch of “HP-LP cut out” and thermostatic switches. Explain why they are required
and how they work.
5.9 Explain with a neat sketch the SUMMER A/C circuit in “Year round A/C system”. Show the
psychometric processes on the psychometric chart.
5.10 Explain the working of automatic expansion valve with the help of a neat sketch.

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS

5.11 List out the reasons of food spoilage along with ways to avoid them.
5.12 What are various methods of food preservation? Mention the temperature requirements of some
common food products such as milk, butter, fruits, vegetables, etc.
5.13 Give a layout of ice plant and explain briefly how ice is made.
5.14 Write notes on (a) working of Cold Storage plant, (b) Air conditioning of Cinema Halls,
5.15 Explain the methods of refrigeration in refrigerated trucks and trailers