9.

S&T EXCHANGERS - DESIGN PARAMETERS TO CHANGE

Use the following table to adjust exchanger design inputs when confronted with
the limiting parameters listed.
Adjusted Parameters High Pressure High Pressure Low Coefficient Low Coefficient Temp. Cross
Drop Shell Side Drop Tube Side Shell Side Tube Side

Baffle Type Double / triple - Single segmental - -

segmental
Shell Type J or X type shell - E or F type shell - E, F or G type shell

Tube Pattern Rotated Square or - Triangular - -

Square

Tube Diameter Increase to 1” or Increase to 1” or Decrease to 0.625” or Decrease to 0.625” or -

1.25” 1.25” 0.5” 0.5”
Baffle Cut Use 30% to 40% - Use 15% to 20% - -

Tube Pitch Increase to 1.4 to 1.5 - Limit to TEMA std - -

x tube OD spacing

Fluid Allocation Switch Sides Switch Sides Switch sides Switch sides -
Arrangement Increase # of exch. Increase # of exch. Increase # of exch. in - Increase # of exch.
in parallel in parallel parallel in parallel

# of Tube Passes - Limit to one tube - Increase # of tube Limit to one tube
pass passes pass
Tube Type Plain Plain Externally enhanced Internally enhanced -
NGE

hen confronted with

Temp. Cross Vibration

Indication

- Double / triple
segmental
E, F or G type shell J or X type shell

- Rotated Square

- Increase to 1” or
1.25” -
-

- Increase to 1.4 to 1.5

x tube OD

- Switch sides
Increase # of exch. Increase # of exch.
in parallel in parallel

Limit to one tube -

pass
- -
 ANZ Technical Guide

ANZ-TG-B-0027 Rev. 0

For temperature connections a 25mm (1") NPS must be provided in nozzles

100mm (4") diameter and above for type R, and B exchangers.
Note that specific client requirements may govern the size and type of test and
instrument connections.

8.7.6 Bolt Size

Minimum Bolt Size for type R exchangers is 20mm (3/4") diameter, for type C it
is 12mm (1/2") diameter, and for type B it is 16mm (5/8") diameter.

9. S&T EXCHANGERS - DESIGN PARAMETERS TO CHANGE

Use the following table to adjust exchanger design inputs when confronted with
the limiting parameters listed.
Adjusted Parameters High Pressure High Pressure Low Coefficient Low Coefficient Temp. Cross
Drop Shell Side Drop Tube Side Shell Side Tube Side

Baffle Type Double / triple - Single segmental - -

segmental
Shell Type J or X type shell - E or F type shell - E, F or G type shell

Tube Pattern Rotated Square or - Triangular - -

Square

Tube Diameter Increase to 1” or Increase to 1” or Decrease to 0.625” or Decrease to 0.625” or -

1.25” 1.25” 0.5” 0.5”
Baffle Cut Use 30% to 40% - Use 15% to 20% - -

Tube Pitch Increase to 1.4 to 1.5 - Limit to TEMA std - -

x tube OD spacing

Fluid Allocation Switch Sides Switch Sides Switch sides Switch sides -
Arrangement Increase # of exch. Increase # of exch. Increase # of exch. in - Increase # of exch.
in parallel in parallel parallel in parallel

# of Tube Passes - Limit to one tube - Increase # of tube Limit to one tube
pass passes pass
Tube Type Plain Plain Externally enhanced Internally enhanced -
10. S&T HEAT EXCHANGER CALCULATIONS

10.1 Preliminary Design

The following section should only be used for preliminary sizing of heat
exchangers.
The design equation for any heat exchanger is:
Q = U A O O FT LMTD
Where;

Q = Heat transferred (W)

Copyright 2014 by Jacobs Engineering Group Inc.
All rights reserved. The contents of this document are proprietary and produced for the exclusive benefit of Jacobs Engineering Group
Inc. and its affiliated companies. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written approval of Jacobs
Engineering Group Inc.
Page 40 of 123
vided in nozzles
ers.
nd type of test and

diameter, for type C it

iameter.

NGE

hen confronted with

Temp. Cross Vibration

Indication

- Double / triple
segmental J or X
type shell Rotated
E, F or G type shell Square Increase to
1” or 1.25” -
Increase to 1.4 to 1.5
- x tube OD Switch
sides

-
Increase # of exch. Increase # of exch.
in parallel in parallel

Limit to one tube -

pass
- -
izing of heat

ngineering Group
mitted, in any form
of Jacobs

ANZ-TG-B-0027 Heat Exchanger Design Guide

Adjusted Parameters Vibration Indication

Baffle Type
Double / triple segmental
Shell Type
J or X type shell
Tube Pattern
Rotated Square
Tube Diameter Increase to 1” or 1.25” -
Baffle Cut

Tube Pitch
Increase to 1.4 to 1.5 x tube OD
Fluid Allocation Switch sides
Arrangement
Increase # of exch. in parallel
# of Tube Passes -
Tube Type -
 High
Adjusted Pressure
Parameters Drop Shell
6 Side
Double /
triple
Baffle Type segmental

J or X type
Shell Type shell

Rotated
Tube Pattern Square or
Square
Tube Increase to 1”
Diameter or 1.25”
Use 30% to
Baffle Cut 40%
Increase to
Tube Pitch 1.4 to 1.5 x
tube OD
Fluid Switch Sides
Allocation
Increase # of
Arrangement exch. in
parallel
# of Tube -
Passes
Plain
Tube Type
High Low Low Temp. Cross Vibration High
Pressure Coefficient Coefficient Indication Pressure
Drop Tube Shell Side Tube Side Drop Shell
Side Side
- Single - - Double / High
segmental triple Pressure
segmental Drop Tube
Side
- E or F type - E, F or G J or X type Low
shell type shell shell Coefficient
Shell Side
- Triangular - - Rotated Low
Square Coefficient
Tube Side
Increase to 1” Decrease to Decrease to - Increase to 1” Temp. Cross
or 1.25” 0.625” or 0.625” or or 1.25” -
- 0.5”
Use 15% to -0.5” - Vibration
20% Indication
- Limit to - - Increase to
TEMA std 1.4 to 1.5 x
spacing tube OD
Switch Sides Switch sides Switch sides - Switch sides

Increase # of Increase # of - Increase # of Increase # of

exch. in exch. in exch. in exch. in
parallel parallel parallel parallel
Limit to one - Increase # of Limit to one -
tube pass tube passes tube pass
Plain Externally Internally - -
enhanced enhanced
Factor Favoured Types Not recommended
Low bottoms product fraction
compared to boil up
Recirculating
Kettle
Once-through
High bottoms product fraction
compared to boil up
Once-through
Recirculating
Low relative volatility systems Recirculating
High relative volatility systems Once-through
Recirculating
Large exchanger size or high duty
requirements
Horizontal
Vertical
Small exchangers
Vertical
Stab-in
Leaks hazardous or difficult to deal
with
Stab-in
Exotic materials Stab-in
Tight temperature approach Spiral-plate
Plate-fin
Shell-and-tube
Solids present
Kettle
Spiral-plate
Plate-fin
Thermally unstable products Recirculating (no baffle)
Kettle
Once through
Tight plot plan Vertical Horizontal
Ample plot plan Horizontal
High temperatures Fired heaters
High heat fluxes
Forced circulation
Flooded bundles
Natural circulation
 Reboiler Selection

Service Fouling Factor 0.003 hr. ft2 F / BTU

Yes
Is the extent of fouling heavy? Yes (Yes/No)
Pump-through re-boiler Yes (Yes/No)
Kettle re-boiler
 Factor
Low bottoms product fraction compared to boil up

Yes High bottoms product fraction compared to boil up

No Low relative volatility systems

High relative volatility systems
Large exchanger size or high duty requirements
Small exchangers
Leaks hazardous or difficult to deal with
Exotic materials
Tight temperature approach
Solids present
Thermally unstable products
Tight plot plan
Ample plot plan
High temperatures
High heat fluxes
Favoured Types Not recommended
Recirculating Kettle Once-through
Once-through Recirculating Recirculating Vertical
Recirculating
Once-through
Horizontal
Vertical Stab-in
Stab-in
Stab-in
Spiral-plate Plate-fin Shell-and-tube
Kettle Spiral-plate Plate-fin
Recirculating (no baffle) Kettle Once through
Vertical Horizontal
Horizontal
Fired heaters
Forced circulation Flooded bundles Natural circulation