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Multidisciplinary Nature Of
Environmental Studies
Guided by :Dr. Ghanshyam Sanghani Presented by :
M.Pharm., Ph. D., Richa A. Prajapati
Associate Professor M.Pharm : 2nd sem
BMCP, Surat. Enrollment no. : 172150824004
Subject : Quality Management System
[MQA201T]
Environment
Human Natural
Abiotic/non-
Social Economical Cultural Political living
Biotic/living
“It is the branch of science which deals with every issue that affects an organism.” 1
It is a functional science which tries to find out rationales behind making human
progress practical on the earth’s limited resources. 3
SCOPE 3 :
To study the mere concepts.
To study the philosophy and ethics of environment.
To study the problem associated with resource depletion.
To study the pollution and population explosion.
To find out a practical global solution in the form of raising public awareness.
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Technology Modelling
Natural resources
includes
Abiotic/non-living
Biotic/living
[ air, water, soil, minerals,
[ plant & animal (microbes)]
climate & solar energy]
2.Non-renewable resources 3 :
“Resources that can not be grown or raised.”
Resource is in a fixed or finite amount.
They are used faster than nature can replace then.
Ex. : fossil fuels, gems, ores, metals and minerals.
2. Hydrosphere
It mainly include the water portion of the
nature. 3
[Clean water for drinking, washing and cooking,
for agriculture and industry. As a food
resources and as a hydroelectric project. 1]
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4. Biosphere
Its mainly include the thin layer on the earth
in which life can exist.
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Associated Problems
1. Forest over usage
2. Deforestation
Solution
1. wood should be used less but what’s used should be refurnished or give back to the
nature at the same.
2. forestation and tree plantation should be carried out to balance the over usage of the
woods.
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Forest resources
2. Deforestation
It refers as a removal or reduction of the trees in a huge amount from large area of the
forests.
It is mainly done for the ,
• Encroachment of the forest land for agricultural purposes.
• Expansion of cities.
• Construction of the dams, canals and highways.
• Establishment of industrial areas.
• Demand for firewood mining shifting cultivation.
• Forest fires.
Effects Of Deforestation
Loss of natural habitat of wild animals plants.
Increases intensity and frequency of natural disasters.
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Forest resources
Land degradation.
Change in climate condition.
Siltation of rivers and canals.
Loss of revenue.
Change in water cycle and reduce rainfall.
Increases socio economic problem.
Solution
1. Reforestation is also being encouraged.
2. Special legislation to protect forest land.
3. Environment clearance is mandatory for big industry.
4. Management of wood resources by local communities and forest dwelling population.
Water resources:
Surface water : ocean, seas, pounds, river.
Underground water : streams, well, bore well.
Importance
Play important role in human civilization.
Play important role in development.
Climate depends extremely upon water and water resources.
Every living creature can’t live without water.
Associated Problem
1. Floods
2. Droughts
1. Floods
It refers as a present of unusually larger amount of water at any place or more water that
can be handled by drainage of the area.
FLOOD
Flash Flood
River Flood
Coastal Flood
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Water resources
DROUGHT
Drought is a condition in which a region suffer from a severe scarcity in its water availability.
In which water resources are depleted.
Loss of live stock affect local economy.
It also change in routine weather pattern.
Surface Water Pollution [Hazardous matter coming into contact with it]
Sources Of
Water Ground Water Pollution [chemical fertilizer and pesticide are used causes
pollution of it]
Pollution Sewage And Water [contain bacteria and pathogen is drain into other water
resources and causes pollution]
Animal Waste
Industrial Waste
Oil Leakage
Marine Dumping
Mining Activity
Sewer Lines Leakage
Global Warming
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Mineral resources 1,3
Mineral resources are naturally occurring chemical compounds which are
formed through inorganic process under the crust of the earth.
Mineral resources are non-renewable resources.
Mineral
Resources
copper, lime,
sand, stone, coal, oil,
aluminium, potash,
gravels. gas.
iron. salt.
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Mineral resources
Associated Problem
1. Mining and extraction of minerals.
Basic Activities
• Geophysical survey
• Mapping
• Sampling
• Drilling
• Modelling
• Feasibility
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Mineral resources
ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
1. Farmland is under treat due to more and more intense utilization.
2. When soil is used more intensively by forming it is eroded more rapidly by wind and rain.
3. Over irrigation also create water logging of the topsoil so that crop roots are affected and the
crop deteriorates.
4. The misuse of the ecosystem leads to loss of valuable soil through erosion by the monsoon
rains and , to a smaller extend by wind.
5. Land is likewise corrupted because of mining operation in many part of the country.
SOLUTION
There is mainly 2 approach launched by a country as the solution of associated
problem.
1. Physical Approach 2. Social Approach
Physical recovery of the land is It reflected trough state performance
accomplished through chemical going for generally local remaking
treatment of water logged soil and is advancing forming and its profitability,
taken after with logical turn of product specifically.
thus land furnished useless by water
way activity and stream rushed are
likewise recovered after fundamental
treatment to re-establish their
fruitfulness and surface more
supportive effort.
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Concept Of Ecosystem
Oikos Logos
[Home Or [study]
Surrounding]
Ecosystem
Tissue
+
Environment
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Types Of Ecosystem 3
Ecosystem
Natural
Artificial
system
Terrestrial Aquatic
Aquaculture agriculture
ecosystem ecosystem
PROPERTIES OF ECOSYSTEM 3
1. Ecosystem composed various components.
2. It occupies certain well define area and spatial dimension (earth, spaceship).
3. It is an open system which is characterized by continuous input of mater and energy.
4. There are complex sets of interactions between biotic and abiotic organisms on the other
hand.
5. It is powered by energy of various sources among which solar energy is the most significant.
6. Ecosystem are natural resources system.
7. It is structured and well organized system.
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Ecosystem
ECOSYSTEM 3
Community Of Organisms [Biotic Component] [Living
Environment]
Producer
• Make their own food compound that are obtained from their environment.
• Are the sources of all food in an ecosystem.
• On land most producers are green plants.
• In freshwater and marine ecosystem, algae and plants are the major producers
near shorelines.
• In open water, the dominant producers are phytoplankton that float or drift in
water.
• Most producers capture sunlight to make carbohydrates by photosynthesis.
ECOSYSTEM 3
Community Of Organisms [Biotic Component] [Living
Environment]
Consumers or heterotrophs
• Get their energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains.
1. Primary consumers : are those that eat producers as a sources of food.
2. Secondary consumers : eat other animals.
3. Tertiary consumers : large carnivores which feed on secondary consumers.
4. Quaternary consumers : largest carnivores that feed on tertiary consumers.
They are not eaten by animals.
5. Omnivores : have mixed diet that include both plants and animal.
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Ecosystem
ECOSYSTEM 3
Community Of Organisms [Biotic Component] [Living
Environment]
Decomposers
• Mostly certain type of bacteria and fungi are specialized consumers that recycle
organic matter in ecosystem.
• They do this by breaking down dead organic material to get nutrients and releasing
the resulting simpler inorganic compound into the soil and water, where they can
be taken up as nutrients by product.
ECOSYSTEM 3
NON-LIVING ENVIRONMENT [ABIOTIC COMPONENT ]
Lithosphere : solid mineral matter of the earth.
Hydrosphere : the water in oceans, lakes, etc.
Radiant solar energy
Atmosphere : the gaseous mixture in the air.
1. Energy cycle
2. Food chains
3. Diversity – interlinkage between organisms
4. Nutrient cycles – biogeochemical cycle
5. Productivity of ecosystem
6. Evaluation
THANK YOU…..
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