Learning activity 4

Evidence: My presentation outline

A. Find a topic of personal interest. Imagine you are going to present that topic
orally to your teacher and classmates at school. For this part of the evidence
you need to carry out exhaustive research in order to be able to present all the
necessary information related to your selected topic. Report the most important
aspects of your research through a brainstorm of the ideas and concepts that
you think will be relevant to the presentation.

Brainstorm

Example of topic: Aviation.

 Aviation refers to the use of commercial and non-commercial aircrafts

for transportation of people or goods.

 The A380, manufactured by the Airbus Industry, is the biggest plane

ever made.
Brainstorm

Topic: Anxiety

 Feeling anxiety occasionally is a normal part of life. However, people

with anxiety disorders often have intense, excessive and persistent
concerns and fears about daily situations. Frequently, in anxiety
disorders there are repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense
anxiety and fear or terror that reach a maximum in a matter of
minutes (panic attacks).
 These feelings of anxiety and panic interfere with daily activities, are
difficult to control, are disproportionate compared to real danger and
can last a long time. In order to prevent these feelings, it may
happen that you avoid certain places or situations. Symptoms can
begin in childhood or adolescence and continue into adulthood.
 Some examples of anxiety disorder are: generalized anxiety
disorder, social anxiety disorder (social phobia), specific phobias
and separation anxiety disorder. You can have more than one
anxiety disorder. Sometimes, anxiety arises from a disease that
requires treatment.

Symptom

The symptomatology can vary in each person, but it is considered

that there has been an anxiety crisis when four or more of the
following symptoms occur:

- Palpitations or elevated heart rate (tachycardia).

- Feeling of suffocation, with rapid breathing.
-Chest tightness.
-Fear or panic. Literally, feel to die.
-Sudoration or chills.
- Tremors.
-Abuse or abdominal discomfort.
-Mareo or even fainting.
-Feeling of unreality.
- Feeling of numbness or tingling.
B. Now, structure your presentation using the Signpost language learnt during this
learning activity. Present your outline through presentation cards. Use as many
cards as you need.

Remember: Each presentation card should include a heading, a

phrase at the bottom, a number and it should be organized by
numbering and bulleting.

(Model)

Aviation
[heading]

Structure: I’m going to divide this talk into five parts.

1. Early beginnings.
2. Civil aviation.
3. Commercial aviation.
4. Modern aircrafts manufacturers:
a. Airbus.
b. Boeing.
c. Embraer.
5. The most famous aircrafts in history:
a. Concorde.
b. Boeing 747.
c. Airbus A380.

Let’s turn now to the first part: the early beginnings

of aviation…
[Bottom phrase]

1
 Anxiety

Structure: I’m going to divide this talk into five parts.

1. what is anxiety
2. Anxiety symptomatology
3. types of anxiety
4. when to consult the doctor
5. Causes
6. Risk factor's
7. Complications
8. Prevention

Let’s turn now to the first part: the early beginnings of aviation…
[Bottom phrase]

General description
Feeling anxiety occasionally is a normal part of life. However, people with anxiety disorders often have
intense, excessive and persistent concerns and fears about daily situations. Frequently, in anxiety
disorders there are repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach
a maximum in a matter of minutes (panic attacks).

These feelings of anxiety and panic interfere with daily activities, are difficult to control, are
disproportionate compared to real danger and can last a long time. In order to prevent these feelings, it
may happen that you avoid certain places or situations. Symptoms can begin in childhood or
adolescence and continue into adulthood.

Some examples of anxiety disorder are: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder (social
phobia), specific phobias and separation anxiety disorder. You can have more than one anxiety disorder.
Sometimes, anxiety arises from a disease that requires treatment.
symptom

The most common signs and symptoms of anxiety include the following:

Sensation of nervousness, agitation or tension

Feeling of imminent danger, panic or catastrophe

Increased heart rate

Accelerated breathing (hyperventilation)

Sweating

Tremors

Feeling weak or tired

Trouble concentrating or thinking about something other than the current concern

Having trouble falling asleep

Having gastrointestinal problems (GI)

Having difficulty controlling worries

Having the need to avoid situations that generate anxiety

There are several types of anxiety disorders:

Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear places and situations that can cause you to panic or make you feel
trapped, helpless or embarrassed and often try to avoid them.

Anxiety disorder due to illness includes symptoms of intense anxiety or panic that are directly caused by a physical health
problem.

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive anxiety and concern about activities or events,
including common routine issues. The concern is disproportionate with respect to the current situation, it is difficult to control
and it affects the way you feel physically. It often happens along with other anxiety disorders or with depression.

Panic disorder involves repeated episodes of sudden feelings of anxiety and intense fear or terror that reach a maximum level
in minutes (panic attacks). You may have sensations of an impending catastrophe, shortness of breath, chest pain or rapid,
strong heartbeat or flutter (heart palpitations). These panic attacks can cause the person to worry that they happen again or to
avoid situations in which they have happened.

Selective mutism is a constant inability that children have to speak in certain situations, such as at school, even when they
can speak in other situations, such as at home with close family members. This can affect performance at school, work or in
society.

Separation anxiety disorder is a childhood disorder that is characterized by an anxiety that is excessive for the child's level of
development and that is related to the separation of parents or others who fulfill a parental function.

Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) implies high levels of anxiety, fear or rejection of social situations due to feelings of
shame, insecurity and concern about being judged or perceived negatively by other people.
When to consult the doctor

Consult with the doctor in the following cases:

You feel that you are worrying too much and that this interferes with your work, your relationships and other aspects of your
life

Your fear, your worry or your anxiety causes you discomfort and you find it difficult to control them

You feel depressed, have problems with alcohol or drug use, or have other mental health problems along with anxiety

Do you think your anxiety could be linked to a physical health problem?

Do you have suicidal thoughts or behaviors (if so, seek emergency treatment immediately)

Your worries may not go away on their own and get worse over time if you don't try to help. Visit your doctor or a mental
health professional before your anxiety gets worse. It is easier to treat if you get help soon.

Causes

It is not entirely clear what are the causes of anxiety disorders. Certain life experiences, such as traumatic events, seem to
cause anxiety disorders in people who are already prone to anxiety. Inherited traits can also be a factor.

Risk factor's

The following factors may increase the risk of suffering from an anxiety disorder:

Trauma. Children who endured abuse or trauma or who witnessed traumatic events are at greater risk of manifesting an
anxiety disorder at some time in their lives. Adults who go through a traumatic event may also manifest anxiety disorders.

Stress due to illness. Having a health problem or a serious illness can cause great concern about issues such as treatment
and the future.

Accumulation of stress An important event or an accumulation of smaller stressful situations in life can cause excessive
anxiety, for example, the death of a family member, work stress or continuing concerns about the financial situation.

Personality. People with certain personality types are more likely to suffer from anxiety disorders than other people.

Other mental disorders People who suffer from other mental disorders, such as depression, often also suffer from an anxiety
disorder.

Having blood relatives who suffer from an anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders can be inherited.

Drugs or alcohol The abuse or abuse or withdrawal of drugs or alcohol can cause or worsen anxiety.

Complications

Anxiety disorder does not only mean being worried. It can also cause, or worsen, other mental and physical disorders, such
as the following:

Depression (which often occurs along with an anxiety disorder) or other mental health disorders

Substance abuse

Trouble sleeping (insomnia)

Digestive or intestinal problems

Headache and chronic pain

Social isolation
C. To complete the evidence, you must now write a complete list of references
using the guidelines given by the American Psychological Association (APA). Do
not forget to organize your references alphabetically.

References

Mayor Lapiedra, M. T. (1991). Behavioral disorders in childhood

and their relationships with experiences of anxiety and
depression. Zaragoza: University.

Caballo, V. E., Carrobles, J. A. I., & Buela Casal, G. (1995). Manual

of psychopathology and psychiatric disorders. vol.1, Conceptual
foundations; anxiety, affective and psychotic disorders. Madrid:
21st century editors of Spain.

First, M. B., & Tasman, A. (2004). DSM-IV-TR mental disorders:

diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Chichester, West Sussex;
Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley.

When you finish your work, send the file to your instructor through the platform as
follows:

1. Click on the title of this evidence.

2. Click on Examinar mi equipo and look for the file in your computer. Make sure
the file is attached.
3. Leave a comment for the instructor (optional).
4. Click Enviar.
Note: This evidence is an individual activity. Remember to check the learning guide
in order to know if you have done all the assigned activities, know how to develop
them and deliver them correctly.

Criterio de evaluación
Prepara presentaciones orales haciendo uso del vocabulario y las diferentes
estructuras gramaticales requeridas.