Activity 4

Data Notebook in
Science, pen or
pencil, copy of
Periodic Table of
Elements

Materials needed:
LET’S GET STARTED!
 First thing is to
define what an
ion is. Do you have
any idea about it?
 First thing is to
define what an
ion is. Do you have Atoms may gain
charges, as you
any idea about it? have experienced in
Activity 1. This
happens when
electrons are lost or
gained by the atom.
When this occurs,
the atom become an

ion.
Consider this lithium ion
shown below.

Li
7 +1

3
 Consider this lithium ion
shown below.

Li
This number
7 +1
denotes the
mass
number
wherein the
number of 3
neutrons may be
derived.
 Consider this lithium ion
shown below.

Li
This number
7 +1
denotes the
mass
number
wherein the
number of 3
neutrons may be
derived.
The left subscript
denotes the
atomic
number,
therefore the
number of protons
may be known.
 Consider this lithium ion
shown below.

Li
This number
7 +1 The superscript
at the right is the
denotes the charge of the
mass atom wherein
number the number of
wherein the electrons may
be determined.
number of 3
neutrons may be
derived.
The left subscript
denotes the
atomic
number,
therefore the
number of protons
may be known.
 Consider this lithium ion
shown below.

Li
This number
7 +1 The superscript
at the right is the
denotes the charge of the
mass atom wherein
number the number of
wherein the electrons may
be determined.
number of 3
neutrons may be
derived.
The left subscript NOTE: When there is no
denotes the superscript at the right, it
atomic means that the charge is
number, zero (0). So, the no. of
therefore the protons and electrons are
number of protons the same in value.
may be known.
Using this as an 7 +1

Li
example, let’s
determine its
number of
protons.

3
Using this as an 7 +1

Li
example, let’s
determine its
number of
protons.

3
We all know now that the left
subscript denotes the
atomic number,
therefore the number of protons
may be known.
Using this as an 7 +1

Li
example, let’s
determine its
number of
protons.

3
We all know now that the left
subscript denotes the The atomic number of an
atomic number, element is the same with its
therefore the number of protons number of protons. So, in this
may be known.
example, the number of
protons of lithium ion is 3.
 7 +1

How about its

number of
neutrons?
3
Li
 7 +1

How about its

number of
neutrons?
3
Li
To get the number of neutrons, you will just subtract the number of protons
from the mass number written at the upper left corner of this sample.
Since the mass number in this given sample is 7 and its no. of protons is 3,
hence, the no. of neutrons is equal to 4.
 7 +1

Now, let us
know its no.
of electrons.
3
Li
 7 +1

Li
Use the superscript
on the right. First is to
know the sign of the
charge. In this case,
Now, let us it is positive (+).
know its no. 3 Hence, between
of electrons. protons and
electrons, protons
have greater value
than the latter. Next,
note the given
value. Here, it is
equal to 1.
 7 +1

Li
Use the superscript
on the right. First is to
know the sign of the
charge. In this case,
Now, let us it is positive (+).
know its no. 3 Hence, between
of electrons. protons and
electrons, protons
have greater value
That means that protons are more in than the latter. Next,
numbers than electrons by 1. Since the note the given
no. of protons is 3, therefore, the number value. Here, it is
of electrons is 2. equal to 1.
Did you get it?
Now, let’s try
some more!
 Determine the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in
the following items. Write your answers in your Data Notebook.
19 -1 64 39
+2 -3

9
F 29
Cu 19
K
11 20 +1

5
B 10
Ne
GOOD
JOB!
 GOOD
JOB!

Let’s continue
our discussion.
 These are atoms having the
same number of protons but
different number of neutrons.
Hence, these elements (although
composed of the same atoms)
have different mass number.
For example, let us
complete this table.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 We know that when the
charge is zero (0), the no. of
protons and electrons are
the same in value.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 So, we can say that the
no. of electrons in B-6 is
equal to 5.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 So, we can say that the
no. of electrons in B-6 is
equal to 5.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
How about in N-14?

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
Let us read our
notes.
Let us read our
notes.
 Can we now answer
the missing values for N-14?

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 Correct!
The no. of protons is 7.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 Correct!
The no. of protons is 7.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 To get the number of
neutrons, just subtract the
no. of protons from the mass
number of the isotope.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
In the shorthand notation of
an isotope, the value beside
it corresponds to its mass
number.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1

Mass
number
 Here, the mass number is equal
to 14 while the no. of protons is 7.
So, 14 – 7 = 7. Therefore, the no. of
neutrons is 7.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1

Mass
number
 Here, the mass number is equal
to 14 while the no. of protons is 7.
So, 14 – 7 = 7. Therefore, the no. of
neutrons is 7.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1

Mass
number
How about in the next
item?

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 First is to know the
element symbol of the
given isotope.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
Fluorine 9 10 -1
 First is to know the
element symbol of the
given isotope.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
F Fluorine 9 10 -1
Then determine the mass number
by getting the sum of the no. of
protons and no. of neutrons. So,
the mass number of the isotope is
19.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
F Fluorine 9 10 -1
In determining the no. of electrons,
(like what you have done with
Lithium ion), know the sign of the
charge first. Since the sign is (-),
electrons are more in number than
protons by 1.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
F-19 Fluorine 9 10 -1
In determining the no. of electrons,
(like what you have done with
Lithium ion), know the sign of the
charge first. Since the sign is (-),
electrons are more in number than
protons by 1.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
B-6 Boron 5 5 1 0
N-14 Nitrogen 7 7 7 0
F-19 Fluorine 9 10 10 -1
 If in case you are to
determine the charge of the
isotope, you just get the sum
of protons and electrons.
 However, you should
consider their electric
charge. Proton is positive
while electron is negative.
 For example, there are 6
protons and 8 electrons in an
atom. What will be its
charge?
 Alright, your answer is
correct! Its charge will be -2.
 Alright, your answer is
correct! Its charge will be -2.

Given Value:
Protons – 6
Electrons – 8

+6 + -8 = -2
LESSON IDEAS
 LESSON IDEAS
 Ions are formed from the removal or addition of
electron/s in an atom.
 LESSON IDEAS
 Ions are formed from the removal or addition of
electron/s in an atom.
 The mass number can be used to determine the
number of neutrons.
 LESSON IDEAS
 Ions are formed from the removal or addition of
electron/s in an atom.
 The mass number can be used to determine the
number of neutrons.
 Whatever is the value of the atomic number, that is
how many protons are there in a given atom.
 LESSON IDEAS
 Ions are formed from the removal or addition of
electron/s in an atom.
 The mass number can be used to determine the
number of neutrons.
 Whatever is the value of the atomic number, that is
how many protons are there in a given atom.
 To know the number of neutrons, subtract the number
of protons from the mass number.
 In noting the charge of an atom, get the sum of the
protons and electrons. REMEMBER, protons are
positively charged while the latter are negatively
charged.
 Now,
get
ready!
 Now,
get
ready!
Answer the
following
exercise
.
Complete the table below. Copy it in your Data Notebook and supply the needed value in
each isotope. You may use the Periodic Table of Elements for your reference.

Element No. of No. of No. of

Isotope Charge
Name Protons Electrons Neutrons
Neon 10 10
Mg-24 12 10
Al-27 +3
Si-28 14
S-32 0
K-35 +1
 PREPARED BY:
ORYZA L. SOMIDO
TEACHER 1
TINAGO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL