HUB Forensics AIDS Ix Continued (Part 3 - 2019)

Holistic University of Brisbane (HUB)
https://www.youtube.com/HolisticUniversity
HF AIDS Ix continued
©2019-10-26
Dr Romesh Senewiratne-Alagaratnam (MBBS, MD) Page | 1
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was created as a biological weapon in the 1960s and early
1970s with the pre-planned intent of genocide of Black Africans. Of this I am certain beyond
reasonable doubt, having independently researched the epidemic since 1996. Most of this research
was done in Melbourne, Australia from 1996 to 2001. In 1998 I finished Eugenics and Genocide in
and from Australia (250 pages) expanding and editing it to Eugenics and Genocide in the Modern
World (600 pages) which I completed in 2001.
This is a continuation of my investigations using the miracle of the Internet, which I did not have
access to when I wrote these books. An electronic version of a 2010 edit of Eugenics and Genocide in
the Modern World is available free from Scribd:
https://id.scribd.com/doc/71007453/Eugenics-and-Genocide-in-the-Modern-World-the-cause-of-
the-AIDS-epidemic-by-Dr-Romesh-Senewiratne-Alagaratnam-Arya-Chakravarti
ONE Campaign
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ONE Campaign
Motto Actions. Speak. Louder.
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https://www.facebook.com/HUBForensics
Formation May 16, 2004
Type Development advocacy

Page | 2
Headquarters Washington, D.C.
 United States, United Kingdom,

Location
France, Germany, Belgium, South
Africa, Canada, Nigeria
Membership Over 9 million
Official English, French, German, Dutch
language
Leader Gayle Smith, President and CEO

since 2017
Key people Bono (co-founder); Bobby
Shriver (co-founder)
Website www.one.org
The ONE Campaign is an international, nonpartisan, non-profit, advocacy and

campaigning organization that fights extreme poverty and preventable disease,
particularly in Africa, by raising public awareness and pressuring political leaders to
support policies and programs that are saving lives and improving futures. [1]
ONE was founded in 2004 by Bobby Shriver and Bono along with a coalition of 11
non-profit humanitarian and advocacy organizations; those organizations
included DATA, CARE, World Vision, Oxfam America, and Bread for the World.
Funding was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In 2007, ONE
announced that it would be merging with DATA.
As of 2016, ONE was a worldwide membership organization of more than nine
million people.[2]
Contents
 1Overview
 2History
o 2.12004–2010
o 2.22011–2014
o 2.32015–present
 3Methods
 4Legislation
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 5Controversy
 6References
 7External links
Overview
ONE advocates for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and for Page | 3
policies that benefit those who live in conditions of extreme poverty around the
globe.[3] ONE supports a broad variety of international development issues, including
the fight against treatable and preventable diseases like HIV/AIDS, malaria,
and tuberculosis; access to clean water and expanded access to energy;
lessening corruption and improving transparency standards and government
accountability to citizens; making trade fairer; providing basic education for all; and
increasing international affairs budgets.[4]
History
ONE was founded by Irish musician Bono and American attorney Bobby
Shriver,[5][6] along with 11 organizations: Bread for the
World, CARE, DATA, International Medical Corps, International Rescue
Committee, Mercy Corps, Oxfam America, Plan USA, Save the Children U.S., World
Concern, and World Vision.[citation needed]
The name ONE was inspired by the belief that one voice, coming together with many
others — the political left and right, business leaders, activists, faith leaders and
students — can change the world for the better.[7]
2004–2010
The official ONE launch rally was held on May 16, 2004, at Liberty Mall
in Philadelphia, United States. Approximately 2,000 people attended,
including Bono, Dikembe Mutombo, Michael W. Smith, Richard Stearns (president
of World Vision), and David Beckmann (president of Bread for the
World).[8][better source needed]
In December 2004, ONE announced a $3 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation.[9] Mark McKinnon, an adviser to United States President Bush, and Mike
McCurry, an adviser to the presidential campaign of John Kerry, appeared on
CNN's Inside Politics with Judy Woodruff in 2004 in support of ONE.[10]
In 2008, ONE merged with DATA. The merged entity was run by CEO David J.
Lane[11] until his departure in early 2011 to join the Obama administration.[12] Former
editor of Time magazine, CEO Michael Elliott, led ONE from 2011 until early 2016,
and was ONE's Senior Strategic Advisor until his passing in July 2016.[13]
During the 2008 U.S. presidential election, the organization launched a campaign
called ONE Vote '08. The campaign was co-chaired by former U.S. Senate majority
leaders Tom Daschle (D-SD) and Bill Frist (R-TN).[citation needed] Since 2009, ONE has
run a series of ONE Vote campaigns around national elections, including ONE VOTE
2010[14] in the United Kingdom, ONE Vote 2012 in both France,[15] and ONE Vote
2012 and ONE Vote '16 in the United States.[16]
In 2010, the Gates Foundation's Living Proof Project became part of ONE.[17]
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2011–2014
ONE has a focus on ‘Factivism’ (fact-based activism), as referenced in Bono’s 2013
TED talk.[18]
In 2014, ONE's "Trillion Dollar Scandal" report was released. It suggested that $1
trillion leaves developing countries each year through various forms of corrupt Page | 4
activity.[19] Since the release of the report, more than 50,000 people have signed a
petition asking world leaders to sign up to the "Fair Play Standard" [20] - a set of
measures that would help promote transparency and reduce money flowing
outwards as a result of corrupt activity.[citation needed]
2015–present
In 2015, ONE collected signatures for an open letter addressed to Angela
Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve
as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa, respectively, in order
to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September
2015 that would establish new development goals for the generation.[21] The
following people signed the open letter: Ali Hewson, Angelique
Kidjo, Beyoncé, Charlize Theron, Christy Turlington, Danai Gurira, Helene
Gayle, Lady Gaga, Lauren Bush, Mabel van Oranje, Dr. Maria Furtwangler, Meryl
Streep, Michele Sullivan (president of the Caterpillar Foundation, director of
Corporate Social Innovation), Naisula Lesuuda (senator, Kenya), Rita
Wilson, Rosamund Pike, Sarah Silverman, Sheryl Sandberg, and Yvonne Chaka
Chaka.[21]
In March 2015, ONE launched a report titled "Poverty is Sexist", which details the
ways in which women and girls are most seriously affected by poverty. [22] The
promotion of this report included the release of the song and accompanying video
‘Strong Girl’ which featured leading female musicians from seven African countries
including Kenya's Victoria Kimani, South Africa's Judith Sephuma and Mozambique's
Gambela, alongside Nigerian actress Omotola Jalade Ekeinde.[23] It was nominated
for ‘Best African Collaboration’ in the All Africa Music Awards.[24]
The "Poverty is Sexist" campaign also encouraged women around the world to pose
for a '#Strengthie' – a selfie in the pose of Rosie the Riveter, face of the famous "We
Can Do It!" poster – and post it online in support of girls and women. Teenage
activist and ONE campaign associate Malala Yousafzai posted a #strengthie from
the Malala Campaign Twitter to show her support.[23]
On World AIDS Day, December 1, 2015, ONE and (RED) hosted a night of music
at Carnegie Hall [the Carnegie Corporation has long supported
eugenics] in New York to celebrate the 15 million people on life-saving anti-
retroviral drugs compared to 700,000 in 2000, and to encourage the world to keep its
focus on eradicating HIV/AIDS and other preventable diseases by 2030 as one of
the Sustainable Development Goals. The event, which also marked ONE’s 10 year
anniversary, was hosted by The Daily Show’s Trevor Noah and featured
performances from Miley Cyrus, Hozier, Jessie J, Bono and The Edge.[25]
During 2015, ONE worked with partners at Action/2015 and Project Everyone to
promote the new Global Goals for Sustainable Development around the world so
citizens can hold leaders to account in delivering them by 2030.[26]
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On International Women’s Day 2016, ONE relaunched their Poverty is Sexist

campaign, featuring an updated report including new figures, such as the fact that in
2016 half a billion women still cannot read and that girls account for 74% of all new
HIV infections among adolescents across Africa.[27] It also lists the 20 worst countries
to be a girl, based on a number of factors including the number of years a girl
attends school, the proportion of women who have a paid job relative to men and the Page | 5
likelihood of a woman dying during childbirth. [28] On International Women's Day 2017,
ONE released a report that stated 130 million girls are currently out of school. [29] It
claims the number of girls missing out on receiving an education amounts to a crisis
that must be urgently addressed.[30]
The campaign involved an open letter signed by several high-profile celebrity
activists; including Meryl Streep, Oprah Winfrey, Amy Poehler, Tina Fey, Elton
John, Colin Farrell, Mary J. Blige and Shonda Rhimes.[31] The letter was addressed
to world leaders, asking them to put women and girls at the top of the development
agenda in order to eradicate extreme poverty by 2030 as per the Sustainable
Development Goals. It also asks for better data on females across the globe, to
make sure the world can track the improvements being delivered to them.[32]
In March 2017, Gayle Smith was named president and CEO of the ONE
Campaign.[33]
Methods
Archbishop Desmond Tutu speaking about ONE in a prerecorded video shown

before a U2 performance of "One" during the group's U2 360° Tour in 2009.
An invitation to join ONE, shown at the end of the same show.

ONE uses a number of highly visible methods to reach out to the general public,
promote its message, and encourage advocacy actions. ONE does not ask for public
donations, stating: "We're not asking for your money. We're asking for your
voice."[34][better source needed]
ONE works with volunteer campaigners in different markets to raise awareness and
lobby governments to fight extreme poverty and preventable disease. ONE Youth
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Ambassadors are selected yearly from Ireland, the UK, France, Germany, the
Netherlands, and Italy to support its grassroots mobilization and advocacy goals
across Europe.[35] ONE Champions work to advance ONE's goals in Africa through
lobby meetings, campaigning, and awareness raising. In the United States and
Canada, ONE field organizers coordinate campaigning efforts, lobby members of
Congress and Parliament, and host community awareness events. On college Page | 6
campuses across the U.S., ONE Campus chapters are run by students who mobilize
their peers to participate in ONE's advocacy campaigns. ONE Campus chapters aim
to teach students about extreme poverty and encourages members to campaign for
lifesaving investments and US development policies.[36]
Legislation
In the United States, ONE announced its support for the Electrify Africa Act of 2013
(H.R. 2548; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the President to establish a
multiyear strategy to assist countries in sub-Saharan Africa develop an appropriate
mix of power solutions to provide sufficient electricity access to people living in rural
and urban areas in order to alleviate poverty and drive economic growth.[37] ONE
said that "this legislation is a bold vision for U.S. engagement in the energy sector in
Africa."[38]
On February 8, 2016, the Electrify Africa Act was signed into law by President
Obama. ONE members helped achieve this result by hosting events, signing and
delivering petitions (360,000 names collected and delivered across all US states)
and tweeting their support to politicians.[39] Senator Chris Coons thanked ONE
members for their support in helping raise the profile of the bill.[40]
ONE has worked with Publish What You Pay and a coalition of other non-
government organisations[41] around the Cardin-Lugar Amendment and the passing
of extractives transparency laws in the United States and Europe.[42]
In 2014, over 22,000 UK-based ONE members wrote to their MPs in support of
investing 0.7 of Gross National Income to international aid. In June, Liberal
Democrat MP Michael Moore used his Private Member’s Bill to enshrine the law,
making the UK the first G7 country to meet the UN spending target.[43]
Controversy
ONE has been criticized[44] for its response to a book by African economist Dambisa
Moyo, Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There Is a Better Way for
Africa,[45] which was published in January 2009. Moyo accused ONE of
mischaracterizing her views. She says that she is against only government aid, not
"their kind of aid".[46] In June 2009 Dambisa Moyo told former U.S. presidential
Republican speech writer Peter Robinson during a Hoover
Institute sponsored Uncommon Knowledge interview that "the harshest thing that
has happened [in terms of responses to her 2009 book Dead Aid], Bono's and Bob
Geldof's organization, called One, who I had tried to have a number of meetings with
before the book came out, about what the theses of the book were, launched a very
vitriolic attack against me. To the point that they were calling organizations ahead of
my meetings and media appointments and sent a letter to African NGOs claiming,
basically, painting me as a genocidal maniac trying to kill African babies. In
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other words, trying to get Africans to be against me. To me, that was not really
fostering dialogue."[47]
In September 2010, it was reported that ONE used only 1.2% of their funds for
charitable causes. In response, ONE pointed out that this is not its purpose; it does
not provide programs on the ground but instead is an advocacy campaign for their
funding. The organization was not fundraising or accepting donations, and was Page | 7
receiving most of its funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. [48]
References
1. ^ Buston, Olly. "Bono's ONE Campaign - we do not

waste money". The Week.
2. ^ "Bono: I Will Follow". Forbes.com.
Retrieved March 24, 2016.
3. ^ "Historic Launch Press Release". Global
Partnership for Sustainable Development Data.
4. ^ "Bono Urges Western Governments To Fight
Poverty, AIDS, Debt in Africa During Speech at
University of Pennsylvania". Kaiser Health News.
5. ^ Legaspi, Althea; Legaspi, Althea (December 7,
2018). "Bono Wants His Charity to Be 'the NRA For
the World's Poor'".
6. ^ "Bono Wants 'One' Charity To Be The "NRA For
The World's Poor" | X101 Always Classic".
7. ^ "Bono's war on poverty and AIDS". CBS News.
8. ^ "Saworship". Archived from the original on
September 29, 2007.
9. ^ "ONE Campaign Announces National Effort To
Mobilize Americans in Support of Helping Fight
Global AIDS and Poverty", the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation website. Retrieved August 9,
2007.
10. ^ "CNN.com - Transcripts".
11. ^ "ONE Campaign and DATA to Merge" Press
release from Data.org,[clarification needed] October 27,
2007.
12. ^ Kamen, Al (February 26, 2011). "The Obama staff
shuffle kicks into high gear". The Washington Post.
13. ^ Luscombe, Belinda. "Former Editor of TIME
International Michael Elliott Dies at 65". TIME.com.
Retrieved September 22, 2016.
14. ^ "Advocacy group One launches online election
campaign on global poverty | Katine". London:
www.guardian.co.uk. April 14, 2010.
Retrieved August 19, 2013.
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15. ^ "Guillaume Grosso: Notre deuxième test: François

Hollande". www.huffingtonpost.fr. Retrieved August
19, 2013.
16. ^ "Bernie Sanders Responds To ONE Vote '16".
February 9, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
17. ^ "Foundation Transitions the Living Proof Project to Page | 8
ONE". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. August
2010. Retrieved October 24,2016.
18. ^ Bono, The good news on poverty (Yes, there's
good news), retrieved September 22, 2016
19. ^ "Trillion Dollar Scandal - the biggest heist you've
never heard of | Left Foot
Forward". leftfootforward.org. Retrieved September
22,2016.
20. ^ "Leading economists lobby world leaders over
'inequality' of tax havens - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk".
21. ^ Jump up to:a b Tracy McVeigh. "Poverty is sexist:
leading women sign up for global equality | Life and
style". The Guardian. Retrieved May 8,2015.
22. ^ "For Women Empowerment, Omotola Teams Up
With ONE Campaign". www.ngrguardiannews.com.
Retrieved March 10,2016.
23. ^ Jump up to:a b "Female African musicians unite in
'Poverty is Sexist' campaign". Reuters. May 13,
2015. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
24. ^ AFRIMA. "AFRIMA Out With Final 2015 Nominees
List; Sarkodie, VVIP, Wiyaala, Others
Nominated". Modern Ghana. Retrieved March
10, 2016.
25. ^ Leeds, Sarene. "Bono, Miley Cyrus, Trevor Noah
Honor World AIDS Day at Carnegie Hall". WSJ.
26. ^ "Freuds heads agencies launching UN's Global
Goals campaign today | PR
Week". www.prweek.com. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
27. ^ "Meryl Streep, Amy Poehler and Elton John pen
letter to world leaders to 'end gender
inequality'". The Telegraph. Retrieved March
17, 2016.
28. ^ "Poverty is sexist: where life is toughest for
girls". Financial Times. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
29. ^ "Leaving no one behind: How far on the way to
universal primary and secondary education?" (PDF).
30. ^ "ONE Campaign launches #GirlsCount to shed
light on girls' education crisis". Global News.
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31. ^ "Meryl Streep, Oprah Winfrey, Tina Fey Among

Long List of Hollywood Heavyweights to Sign Open
Letter Calling for Gender Equality". PEOPLE.com.
32. ^ "Poverty is sexist One Campaign open
letter". www.the-pool.com. Retrieved March Page | 9
17, 2016.
33. ^ "Gayle Smith named president and CEO of The
ONE Campaign | InsideNGO". www.insidengo.org.
34. ^ "Join the fight against extreme poverty". ONE.
Retrieved August 19, 2013.
35. ^ "Youth Ambassadors call on world leaders to fight
for their future". EurActiv.com. Retrieved September
22, 2016.
36. ^ "ONE Campus Challenge Puts Students at Center
of Poverty-Fighting Movement".
37. ^ "H.R. 2548 - Summary". United States Congress.
Retrieved May 6, 2014.
38. ^ "Electrifying Africa". ONE. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
39. ^ "Congress Passes Corker's Bipartisan Bill To
Expand Access To Electricity Across Sub-Saharan
Africa". Retrieved March 17,2016.
40. ^ "Cardin, Senators Applaud Electrify Africa Bill
Becoming Law". Afro. February 8, 2016.
41. ^ "New transparency laws could help millions, says
Publish What You Pay - Global Witness".
42. ^ "Landmark Extractive Industry Transparency Law
Passed in United States Congress | EarthRights
International". EarthRights. Retrieved August
19, 2013.
43. ^ Anderson, Mark (March 9, 2015). "UK passes bill
to honour pledge of 0.7% foreign aid target". The
Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March
10, 2016.
44. ^ "Dead Aid, Live Debate by Kevin Williamson on
National Review Online". article.nationalreview.com.
April 13, 2009. Archived from the original on June 8,
2009. Retrieved August 9, 2009.
45. ^ "Dead Aid - Dambisa Moyo - Penguin Books".
Penguin.co.uk. Retrieved August 9, 2009.
46. ^ "Bono, Beware: Dambisa Moyo on Aid,
Microfinance, and the Problem of Celebs in Africa |
The Inquisition | Fast Company". Fast Company<!.
April 1, 2009. Retrieved August 9, 2009.
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47. ^ "Africa with Dambisa Moyo" Archived October 7,

2009, at the Wayback Machine. Peter
Robinson. Hoover Institute. June 12, 2009.
Timestamp: 33:35-34:15.
48. ^ "Bono's ONE foundation under fire for giving little
over 1% of funds to charity". Daily Mail. London. Page | 10
September 23, 2010.
 Official website
Categories:
 2004 establishments in Pennsylvania
 HIV/AIDS activism
 Development charities based in the United States
 Make Poverty History
 Organizations based in Washington, D.C.
 Organizations established in 2004
 Organizations founded by Bono
 Poverty-related organizations
Languages
 Deutsch
 Français
 한국어
 Bahasa Indonesia
 Nederlands
 日本語
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 23 September 2019, at 02:54 (UTC).
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License;
additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of
Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
DATA
Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa (DATA) was a multinational non-government
organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2's Bono along with Bobby
Shriver and activists from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign.
DATA was created for the purposes of obtaining equality and justice for Africa
through debt relief, adjusting trade rules which burden Africa, eliminating the
epidemic of AIDS in Africa, strengthening democracy, furthering accountability by the
wealthiest nations and African leaders, and transparency towards the people. In
2007, in the United States, DATA and Bono were jointly awarded the National
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Constitution Center's 2007 Liberty Medal for their groundbreaking efforts to address
the AIDS crisis and extreme poverty in Africa.
Start-up funds came from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, financier George
Soros, and technology entrepreneur Edward W. Scott.[1]
In 2007, DATA and the ONE Campaign decided to join forces, and, in January 2008, Page | 11
they formally merged under the name ONE.[2]
DATA received support from the Christian rock / alternative
rock bands Switchfoot and Third Day.
References
1. ^ Josh Tyrangiel (2005-12-19). "The Constant

Charmer". Time Magazine.
2. ^ Lesley Wroughton (2007-10-29). "Bono's U.S.-
based anti-poverty groups to merge". Reuters.
External links
 ONE official site

 Global development Millennium development goals
DATA Report 2013 via ONE and RED campaign
 DATA site at www.causes.com
 Africa portal
 Medical portal
 Politics portal
Categories:
 Economic development organizations
 HIV/AIDS in Africa
 Organizations founded by Bono
 International organization stubs
Languages
 Deutsch
 Italiano
 Suomi
 Svenska
 Tiếng Việt
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 15 October 2019, at
01:00 (UTC).
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using
HUB Forensics
this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
National Constitution Center Page | 12
This article is about the museum in Philadelphia. For the Washington, D.C., office
building recently renamed "Constitution Center", see Nassif Building.
National Constitution Center
Exterior of the National Constitution Center in

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
Location within Pennsylvania
Established 17 September 2000
Location Independence
Mall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Coordinates 39.953406°N 75.148952°W
Type History museum

Page | 13
Visitors 817,000 (2011)
Director Jeffrey Rosen
Public transit 5th Street:

access Market–Frankford Line
SEPTA bus: 38, 44, 48
Philly PHLASH
Website www.constitutioncenter.org
The National Constitution Center is a nonprofit, nonpartisan institution devoted to

the United States Constitution. On Independence Mall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
the center is an interactive museum and a national town hall for constitutional
dialogue, hosting government leaders, journalists, scholars, and celebrities for public
discussions (including presidential debates). The center offers civic learning
resources onsite and online. It does not house the original Constitution, which is
stored at the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C.
The groundbreaking ceremony (attended by President Bill Clinton)[1] was held on
September 17, 2000, the 213th anniversary of the signing of the Constitution. The
center opened on July 4, 2003,[2] joining other historic sites and attractions in what
has been called "America's most historic square mile"[3] because of its proximity
to Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell.
Contents
 1Background
 2Leadership
 3Civic education
 4Public engagement
 5Liberty Medal
 6Reception
 7Gallery
 8See also
 9References
 10External links
Background
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Page | 14
"We the People" inscription at the National Constitution Center

The center was created by the Constitution Heritage Act.[4] Approved on September
16, 1988 and signed by President Ronald Reagan,[5] the act defined the National
Constitution Center as "within or in close proximity to the Independence National
Historical Park. The Center shall disseminate information about the United States
Constitution on a non-partisan basis in order to increase the awareness and
understanding of the Constitution among the American people."[6] The center is at
525 Arch Street, an address chosen because May 25 (5/25) was the date that
the Constitutional Convention began in Philadelphia.[citation needed]
The architectural firm of Pei Cobb Freed & Partners designed the center,[7] and
Leslie E. Robertson Associates were the structural engineers for the project. Witold
Rybczynski of The New York Times wrote, "Quiet but assertive, respectful of its
surroundings, considerate of its public, this building is destined to take its place
among the nation's leading public monuments."[8]
Ralph Appelbaum Associates designed the center's visitor experience and exhibition
hall. The public space is 160,000 square feet (15,000 m2), including galleries. The
center has 75,785 square feet (7,040.7 m2) of exhibit space. The center is made of
American products, including 85,000 square feet (7,900 m2) of Indiana limestone, 2.6
million pounds of steel, and a half-million cubic feet of concrete.
Leadership
The National Constitution Center board of trustees appointed law professor, legal
commentator, and former visiting scholar Jeffrey Rosen to serve as president and
chief executive officer of the center; Rosen began his tenure in June 2013.[9] The
chairmen of the board of the Center have been:
John C. Bogle 1999–2007
George H. W. Bush 2007–2009
Bill Clinton 2009–2012
Jeb Bush 2013–2017
Joe Biden 2017–2019
Neil Gorsuch 2019–
Civic education
Originally through its Annenberg Center for Education and Outreach, the center
offers onsite and online civic-education programs and a study center which develops
and distributes teaching tools, lesson plans and resources.[10]
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Public engagement
The center has hosted several debates, including a 2008 Democratic presidential
primary debate between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama[11] a town hall meeting
with Senator John McCain,[12] and a 2006 Pennsylvania Senatorial debate between
Republican incumbent Rick Santorum and Democratic challenger Bob Casey.[13]
Page | 15
Liberty Medal
In 2006 the center became home to the Liberty Medal, an annual award established
in 1988 to recognize "men and women of courage and conviction who strive to
secure the blessings of liberty to people around the globe."[14]
Reception
George Will wrote for The Washington Post, "At the other end of the mall sparkles a
modernist jewel of America's civic life, the National Constitution Center". [15] Jason
DeParle wrote for The New York Times Learning Network, "Since opening in 2003,
[the National Constitution Center] has put forward a vision of constitutional history
both left and right have embraced."[16] According to The Philadelphia Inquirer, "The
National Constitution Center has established itself as one of the city's cultural celebs,
attracting a million visitors a year, putting pizzazz into civic and educational offerings,
hosting blockbuster exhibitions, and attracting the nation's intellectual cognoscenti
and media elite like bears to honey."[17]
Gallery
State flags in the lobby
Exhibits
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Page | 16
Life-sized statues of the signers of the Constitution in

Signers' Hall
See also
 Philadelphia portal
 Philadelphia Liberty Medal – An annual award

administered by the Center
 Constitution Day (United States)
 Independence National Historical Park
 Landmark Cases (TV series)
References
1. ^ "The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia".

Retrieved 27 March 2013.
2. ^ "TRAVEL ADVISORY; Constitution Center To
Open in Philadelphia – New York Times". The New
York Times. 22 June 2003. Retrieved 28
March 2013.
3. ^ "Independence Visitor Center". Independence
Visitor Center. Retrieved 9 August 2013.
4. ^ "The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia".
5. ^ "Untitled Document". Archived from the original on
2012-11-28. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
6. ^ "H.R. 1939 (100th): Constitution Heritage Act of
1988". Gov Track. www.govtrack.us. Retrieved 26
July 2019.
7. ^ "Pei Cobb Freed & Partners". Retrieved 28
March 2013.
8. ^ Rybczynski, Witold (8 July
2003). "ARCHITECTURE REVIEW; More Perfect
Union Of Function And Form – New York
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Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 28

March 2013.
9. ^ "President and CEO – National Constitution
Center". Retrieved 6 June 2013.
10. ^ "Annenberg Foundation Awards $6.4 Million to
National Constitution Center PND Foundation Page | 17
Center". Retrieved 28 March 2013.
11. ^ "Transcript: Obama and Clinton Debate – ABC
News". Retrieved 28 March 2013.
12. ^ "McCain's town-hall meeting at Constitution Center
6abc.com". Retrieved 28 March 2013.
13. ^ "Santorum on the attack in final debate with Casey
– Pittsburgh Post-Gazette – Printer friendly".
14. ^ "THE LIBERTY MEDAL". Retrieved 28
March 2013.
15. ^ "George F. Will – Sense From the Hall of
Framers". The Washington Post. 14 August 2005.
16. ^ "Constitutional Lessons, Old and New, on
Display". The New York Times. Retrieved 28
March 2013.
17. ^ "Philadelphia does history right So far, so good for
the National Constitution Center. - Philly.com".
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HUB Forensics
Bobby Shriver
(Redirected from Robert Sargent Shriver III)
Page | 18
Bobby Shriver
Mayor of Santa Monica
In office
May 25, 2010 – December 7, 2010
Preceded by Pam O'Connor
Succeeded by Richard Bloom
Member of the Santa Monica City Council
In office
2004–2012
Personal details
Born Robert Sargent Shriver III
April 28, 1954 (age 65)

Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
HUB Forensics
Political Democratic
party
Spouse(s) Malissa Feruzzi (m. 2005)

Page | 19
Relations See Kennedy family
Children 2
Parents Sargent Shriver

Eunice Kennedy Shriver
Residence Santa Monica, California
Alma mater Yale University (BA, JD)
Occupation Activist, Attorney, Journalist,

Politician
Website www.bobbyshriver.com
Robert Sargent Shriver III (born April 28, 1954) is an activist, attorney, journalist,
and a member of the Kennedy family living in Santa Monica, California. He was a
member of the Santa Monica City Council from 2004 to 2012, serving as mayor pro
tem in 2006 and as mayor during part of 2010. He is a nephew of former U.S.
President John F. Kennedy and former Senators Robert F. "Bobby"
Kennedy and Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy.[1][2]
Contents
 1Early life and education

 2Business career and philanthropy
 3Political career
o 3.1California State Parks and Recreation Commission
o 3.2Santa Monica City Council
o 3.3Candidacy for California Attorney General
o 3.4Candidacy for Los Angeles County Supervisor
 4Personal life
 5Awards
HUB Forensics
 6See also
 7References
 8External links
Early life and education

Shriver was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Sargent Shriver (1915—2011) and Eunice Page | 20
Kennedy Shriver (1921—2009), the first of their five children. His siblings
are, Maria (born 1955), Timothy (born 1959), Mark (born 1964) and Anthony (born
1965).
Bobby attended Yale College at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where
he was a member of the Scroll and Key Society. He graduated with
a B.A. in American studies with cum laude honors. He graduated from Yale Law
School with a J.D. in 1981.
Business career and philanthropy

After graduating from law school, Shriver clerked for a year for Judge Stephen R.
Reinhardt at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which is headquartered
in San Francisco, California.
He then moved to New York City to work in a venture capital business at James D.
Wolfensohn, Inc.
Along with father Sarge, Eli Jacobs, and Larry Lucchino, Bobby was an investor from
1989 to 1993 in the Baltimore Orioles, a professional-baseball team based
in Baltimore, Maryland.[3]
Shriver is an attorney. He is also president of RSS Inc., a Beverly Hills,
California music, film and philanthropic company. (The letters RSS are Shriver's
initials.)
In 1987, he produced a prime-time television feature about the Special Olympics, an
organization for disabled young people and founded by his mother in 1968. This and
subsequent productions have raised in excess of US$55 million[citation needed] for the
Special Olympics program.
He has also produced several films, including True Lies (1994), which starred Arnold
Schwarzenegger – whose ex-wife is Shriver's sister, Maria Shriver.
In 2002, Shriver was a co-founder – with U2 lead singer Bono – of DATA (Debt,
AIDS, Trade in Africa), a multinational, non-government organization whose purpose
is to obtain social equality and justice for Africa through debt relief; adjust trade rules
which burden Africa; eliminate the African AIDS epidemic; and
strengthen democracy with more accountability by the wealthiest nations and African
leaders with transparency towards the people.
With Shriver's involvement, DATA, in turn, was one of the founding organizations in
2004 of the ONE Campaign, a U.S.-based, non-partisan, non-profit
organization which aims to increase U.S. government funding for and effectiveness
of international-aid programs.
In 2006, he and Bono also co-founded, and Shriver is chief executive officer
of, (Product) Red, a brand-licensing company, to raise money for The Global Fund to
HUB Forensics
Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. The company licenses its "(Product)
Red" logo to partner companies in return for the opportunity to increase their
own revenue through the "(Product) Red" products that they sell.
Political career
California State Parks and Recreation Commission Page | 21
After Schwarzenegger became the Governor of California in 2004, he reappointed
Shriver as chairman of the California State Park and Recreation
Commission overseeing the state's parks and gardens. He had first been appointed
by prior California Governor Gray Davis.
In 2005, Shriver, the commission chairman, and Clint Eastwood, the commission
vice chairman, led a commission panel in its unanimous opposition to a six-lane, 16-
mile (26 km) toll road that would cut through San Onofre State Beach (north of San
Diego) that includes Trestles, a collection of surfing spots – one of Southern
California's most-cherished. Shriver and Eastwood also supported a 2006 lawsuit to
block the toll road and urged the California Coastal Commission to reject the project,
which it did in February 2008.[4]
In March 2008, Shriver and Eastwood, whose terms had expired, were not
reappointed.[4] The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) asked for a
legislative investigation into the decision not to re-appoint Shriver and Eastwood,
citing their opposition to the toll-road extension.[5]
Schwarzenegger's press release appointing Alice Huffman and Lindy DeKoven to
replace Shriver and Eastwood makes no mention of a reason for the commission
change.[6][7]
Santa Monica City Council
In November 2004 Shriver ran for, and was elected to, a seat on the Santa Monica
City Council. He stated that he decided to run for the seat after a dispute with the city
over the height of the hedges at his home.[8] He was one of thirteen candidates for
four at-large council seats and received 23,260 votes, or 16.5 percent, of the
vote.[9] The other three winning candidates received 16,710, 14,475, and 13,408
votes.[10]
He ran for re-election in 2008, again in a race in which thirteen candidates were
running for four open seats. He again received the most votes, although he won by a
smaller margin over the candidate receiving the second-most votes. Shriver received
24,298 votes, or 18.56 percent of the vote. The other three winning candidates
received 20,232, 19,145, and 17,202 votes. Shriver's second term ended November
2012.[11]
Candidacy for California Attorney General
On March 13, 2009, an article in The Sacramento Bee's "Capitol Alert" said that
Shriver was considering becoming a candidate in the 2010 California Attorney
General election.[12] Kamala Harris, the Democratic candidate, was elected Attorney
General.
Candidacy for Los Angeles County Supervisor
HUB Forensics
On January 21, 2014, The Los Angeles Times reported that Shriver launched his
campaign for Los Angeles County supervisor. Shriver was defeated by former state
senator Sheila Kuehl.[13]
Personal life
He married Malissa Feruzzi on May 7, 2005.[14][15] They have two daughters, Page | 22
Natasha Hunt Lee (born 1997) and Rosemary Kennedy Shriver (born 2009).
Awards
In 2007, Shriver received [2] The Advertising Club's Silver Medal Award—also
known as the Advertising Person of the Year Award—for his work with (RED). The
annual award recognizes those who have made outstanding contributions to the
advertising industry, furthering industry standards, demonstrating creative excellence
and responsibility in areas of social concern.
In February 2008, he was honored with amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS's Award of
Courage for his outstanding contribution to HIV/AIDS research and awareness.
See also
 Kennedy family
 Kennedy family tree
 DATA
 ONE Campaign
 (Product) Red
References
1. ^ [1] Santa Monica City Council Electoral History

2. ^ Santa Monica Daily Press[dead link]
3. ^ Hyman, Mark (December 7, 1988). "Orioles are
sold: $70 million; Buyers say team will stay". The
Baltimore Sun.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Young, Samantha. -
"Schwarzenegger removes his brother-in-law and
Clint Eastwood from Calif. parks
panel" ArchivedDecember 12, 2010,
at WebCite. The Associated Press (via The San
Diego Union-Tribune). March 20, 2008. Accessed
May 28, 2008.
5. ^ Staff writer (March 22, 2008)."Group wants probe
into governor's removal of Eastwood,
Shriver" Archived December 12, 2010,
at WebCite. The Associated Press (via The San
Diego Union-Tribune). Accessed May 28, 2008.
6. ^ Press Release: Press release (May 23,
2008). "Governor Schwarzenegger Announces
Appointments" Archived April 11, 2009, at
HUB Forensics
the Wayback Machine - Office of the Governor,

State of California. Accessed May 28, 2008.
7. ^ (May 23, 2008). "Schwarzenegger names
replacements for parks panel". - The Associated
Press (via Yahoo! News). Accessed May 28,
2008.[dead link][dead link] Page | 23
8. ^ Groves, Martha (September 24, 2004). "Bobby
Shriver Joins the Family Business". Los Angeles
Times. Retrieved August 15,2009.
9. ^ Chronicle Sacramento Bureau (November 4,
2004). "Governor's in-law wins council seat". San
Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
10. ^ "Results as of Nov 26 2:53 pm, 100.00% of
Precincts Reporting (66/66)". League of Women
Voters of California Education Fund. November 26,
11. ^ "Santa Monica Council Member Election Results
2008". Los Angeles County Presidential General
Election. November 28, 2006. Archived from the
original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved August
15, 2009.
12. ^ Goldmacher, Shane (March 13, 2009). "Bobby
Shriver, first lady's brother, weighs running for state
attorney general". The Sacramento Bee. Archived
from the original on March 15, 2009.(website
registration required)
13. ^ Finnegan, Michael (January 21, 2014). "Bobby
Shriver, touting Kennedy lineage, joins supervisor's
race". The Los Angeles Times. (website registration
required)
14. ^ Hoffman, Bill (May 9, 2005). "May 9, 2005:
Headlines: Friends: NY Post: It was Camelot on the
West Coast as the Kennedy clan converged in Los
Angeles for the wedding of Bobby Shriver, the
nephew of JFK and brother of California First Lady
Maria Shriver". Peace Corps message board at
peacecorpsonline.org (credited? to the New York
Post). Accessed August 13, 2009.
15. ^ Staff writer (2005-15-08). "JFK nephew Bobby
Shriver weds"The Associated Press (via USA
Today). Accessed August 13, 2009.
External links
 bobbyshriver.com, Shriver official website

 Santa Monica City Council, Santa Monica City Council
official website
HUB Forensics
 Shriver biography on Santa Monica City Council official

website
 "#17 President - Product Red", portal to podcast of
February 25, 2007, presentation by Tasmin
Smith, (Product) Red's President (hosted at USF MBA
Podcast's website) Page | 24
 Bobby Shriver on IMDb
show
 v
 t
 e
Kennedy family
Categories:
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 HIV/AIDS activists
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HUB Forensics
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Edit links
 This page was last edited on 15 September 2019, at Page | 25
17:38 (UTC).
HUB Forensics
Maurice Tempelsman
Maurice Tempelsman
Page | 26
Maurice Tempelsman in December 2012
Born August 26, 1929 (age 90)
Antwerp, Belgium
Nationality Belgian-American
Alma mater New York University
Occupation Businessman, diamond merchant
 founder of the Tempelsman Group

Known for
 chairman of Lazare Kaplan
International[1]
Spouse(s) Lilly Bucholz (1949–2000) (divorced)
Partner(s) Jacqueline Onassis (1980–1994) (her

death)
Children 3
HUB Forensics
Maurice Tempelsman (born August 26, 1929) is a Belgian-American businessman

and diamond merchant.[2][3] He was the longtime companion of Jacqueline Kennedy
Onassis, former First Lady of the United States.
Contents Page | 27
 1Early life
 2Business interests
 3Philanthropic and political activities
 4Personal life
o 4.1Marriage and children
o 4.2Relationship with Jacqueline Onassis
 5See also
 6References
 7External links
Early life
Tempelsman was born on August 26, 1929 in Antwerp, Belgium, the son of Leon
and Helene Tempelsman, both Orthodox Jews,[4] in a Yiddish-speaking family
in Antwerp's Jewish community.[3] In 1940, Tempelsman and his family emigrated to
the United States to escape persecution by Nazi Germany during World War II.
When he was 16, Tempelsman began working for his father, a diamond broker.[3] He
attended New York City's public schools and New York University.[5][6][7][8][9]
Business interests
In 1950, Tempelsman created a new marketing niche by persuading the US
government to stockpile African diamonds for industrial and military
purposes, with him as middleman. In 1957, at the age of 27, he and his lawyer, Adlai
Stevenson, traveled to Africa, where Tempelsman had begun forging ties with
leaders. His contacts eventually ranged from South African anti-apartheid
politician Oliver Tambo to Zaire's kleptocratic dictator, Mobutu Sese Seko and the
influential Oppenheimer diamond family. Tempelsman is chairman of
the board of directors of Lazare Kaplan International Inc. (LKI), the largest diamond
company in the United States, noted for its "ideal cut" diamonds sold worldwide
under the brand name, Lazare Diamonds.[10][11][12] Tempelsman is one of fewer than
90 ″sightholders″ in the world, which means that 10 times a year he is
permitted to buy diamonds directly from the powerful De
Beers cartel in the City of London. Because DeBeers was a virtual
monopoly, for many years it could not operate legally in the United States.
HUB Forensics
Page | 28
Maurice Tempelsman sitting at a table with Nicolae Ceausescu (not in this detail of
the photo) in Romania July 1974.[13]
He is also a general partner of Leon Tempelsman & Son, an investment
company specializing in real estate and venture capital.[14]
Philanthropic and political activities[edit]

Tempelsman maintains relations with political and business leaders, in particular
government leaders in Africa and Russia, and leading figures in the
U.S. Democratic Party.[2][10] His extensive political contacts and monetary
contributions often provide him with access and prestige in those
markets, as was the case during the presidency of Bill Clinton.[2][15] From 1993 to
1997, Tempelsman visited the White House at least ten times, met privately
with Hillary Clinton on two separate occasions, vacationed with the Clintons and
the Kennedy family in Martha's Vineyard, and flew to Moscow and back
with President Clinton on Air Force One.[2][7]
In Southern Africa, Tempelsman has played a key role in negotiations between
hostile governments and companies engaging in diamond exploration. He met
with Mobutu Sese Seko, to assist the regime's business dealings with De Beers. In
the 1960s Tempelsman hired as his business agent the CIA station
chief in Kinshasa, Larry Devlin, who helped put Mobutu in power and afterward
served as his personal adviser.[16][17] From March 3, 1977, Tempelsman briefly
held the title of honorary consul general for Zaire, now known as the Democratic
Republic of Congo (DRC), at the DRC's consular offices in New York City.[18] In
addition to the DRC, Tempelsman has played a key role in the diamond industries
of Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and Sierra Leone.[19][20][21][22]
Tempelsman served as chairman of the Corporate Council on Africa (CCA) from
1999 to 2002 and again from 2007 to 2008, after which he was named
chairman emeritus.[23] An example of his work with the CCA involved assisting
government leaders with establishing the New Partnership for Africa's
Development.[24] Tempelsman was a board member of the Southern African
Enterprise Development Fund, and past chairman and long-serving board member
of the Africa-America Institute.[25]
HUB Forensics
Tempelsman is a trustee of the Eurasia Foundation,[26] and a director of the National

Democratic Institute for International Affairs,[27] the Center for National Policy,
the Business Council for International Understanding, and the U.S.-Russia Business
Council.[9]
He is chairman of the International Advisory Council of the Harvard
Page | 29
School of Public Health's AIDS Initiative,[28] and is an honorary trustee and
an honorary member of the corporation of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Tempelsman is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and was
named a visitor to the Department of Classical Art at the Museum of Fine Arts,
Boston. A director of the Academy of American Poets, Tempelsman also serves as a
trustee of the New York University Institute of Fine Arts, and on Lenox Hill Hospital's
Advisory Board. He has served on several Presidential Commissions including the
President's Commission for the Observance of Human Rights, the Citizen's Advisory
Board of Youth Opportunities and the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee,
and was appointed to the New York Council on International Business. [9]
Personal life
Marriage and children
Tempelsman has grown children by his wife Lilly Bucholz, who had also fled Antwerp
with her family. They were married in 1949.[3] Their daughter, Rena, is the widow of
Robert Speisman, an executive vice president of Lazare Kaplan International Inc.
who died on board American Airlines Flight 77, when the aircraft crashed into The
Pentagon during the September 11 attacks.[29]
Tempelsman and Bucholz formally separated in 1984. According to People, Bucholz
and Tempelsman never legally divorced.[4]
Relationship with Jacqueline Onassis
Tempelsman was the longtime companion of Jacqueline Kennedy
Onassis.[2][30] Maurice and Lilly Tempelsman were guests at the State Dinner given
at Mount Vernon, Virginia in honor of the President Ayub Khan of Pakistan in 1961.
The two began their lengthy relationship in 1980, five years after the death of
Jacqueline Onassis' second husband Aristotle Onassis.[10][31] In 1988, Tempelsman
moved into Onassis's Fifth Avenue penthouse apartment in New York City.[4] During
their relationship, he handled Onassis's finances, quadrupling the $26
million that was secured from her late husband's estate.[32] The couple
frequently took walks through Central Park and were photographed doing so in the
days preceding her death from Non-Hodgkin lymphoma at age 64 on May 19,
1994.[33] At Onassis's funeral service, Tempelsman read Constantine P. Cavafy's
poem Ithaca, one of her favorites, and concluded by saying: "And now the journey is
over, too short, alas, too short. It was filled with adventure and wisdom, laughter and
love, gallantry and grace. So farewell, farewell."[3][34] Tempelsman was one of
two executors of the will that she had drawn up with her long-time attorney,
Alexander D. Forger.[32] She left him a "Greek alabaster head of a woman" and
named Tempelsman to be a co-chair of a charitable organization, the C & J
Foundation.[32][35] However, there was no residuary left to fund the foundation after
estate taxes were paid.[36]
HUB Forensics
See also
 Belgium portal
 New York City portal
Page | 30
 List of Belgian Americans
 List of New York University alumni
 List of people from Antwerp
 List of people from New York City
References
1. ^ "Maurice Tempelsman". Bloomberg.

Retrieved 2019-09-22.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Schmidt, Susan (August 2,
1997). "DNC Donor With an Eye On Diamonds". The
Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. pp. A01.
Retrieved November 9, 2009.
3. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e McFadden, Robert D. (May 24,
1994). "Death of a First Lady: The Companion;
Quietly at Her Side, Public at the End". New York
Times. nytimes.com. pp. A17. Retrieved November
9,2009.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Gleick, Elizabeth (July 11,
1994). "The Man Who Loved Jackie". People. 42 (2):
75–81. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
5. ^ Heymann, Clemens David (2007). American
Legacy: The Story of John and Caroline Kennedy.
New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 261–
262. ISBN 978-0-7434-9738-1.
6. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (February 26,
2008). "Tempelsman Sculptures Return to
Italy". New York Times. Retrieved November
11, 2009.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b Ifill, Gwen (August 25,
1993). "Clinton and Kennedys: In 30 Years, a Full
Circle". New York Times. nytimes.com. pp. A10.
8. ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta (September 1, 2007). "Two
Marble Sculptures to Return to Sicily". New York
Times. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
9. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Bio: Maurice
Tempelsman". Eurasia Foundation. eurasia.org.
Archived from the original on March 1, 2009.
HUB Forensics
10. ^ Jump up to:a b c Melman, Yossi; Carmel, Asaf

(March 25, 2005). "Diamond in the rough". Haaretz.
haaretz.com. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
11. ^ Dougherty, Philip H. "Lazare Kaplan International
Inc". New York Times.
12. ^ "Lazare Kaplan sales down as worried buyers Page | 31
reassess strategy". Mmegi. mmegi.bw. January 16,
2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
13. ^ Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei si Insitutul de
Investigare a Crimelor Comunismului in
Romania. "Fototeca online a comunismului
românesc". iiccr.ro.
14. ^ "Maurice Tempelsman Profile". Forbes.
people.forbes.com. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
15. ^ "Official Delegation Accompanying the President
to Africa". Office of the Press
Secretary. clinton2.nara.gov. March 20, 1998.
16. ^ Silverstein, Ken (April 23, 2001). "Diamonds of
Death". The Nation. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
17. ^ Smillie, Ian (2010). Blood on the Stone: Greed,
Corruption and War in the Global Diamond Trade.
Anthem Press. pp. 163–166. ISBN 0857289632.
18. ^ "Colombia – Czech Republic". United States
Department of State. state.gov. Fall–Winter 2003.
19. ^ "OPIC Board Approves $250 Million to Develop
Diamond Cutting and Polishing in Botswana" (Press
release). Overseas Private Investment Corporation.
October 10, 2008. Archived from the original on
August 13, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
20. ^ "OPIC & U.S. Company Partner to Improve
Diamond Production and Sales in Emerging
Markets" (Press release). Overseas Private
Investment Corporation. October 18, 2004. Archived
from the original on August 13, 2009.
21. ^ "USAID Signs a $1.5 Million Partnership to
Improve Economic Opportunities in Angola" (Press
release). Overseas Private Investment Corporation.
June 17, 2005. Archived from the original on
September 7, 2009. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
22. ^ Kennedy, Charles Stuart (April 6, 1993). "Interview
with Ambassador John A. Linehan, Jr". The
Association for Diplomatic Studies and
Training. lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved November
16,2009.
HUB Forensics
23. ^ "Maurice Tempelsman Bio". Eurasia Foundation.

Retrieved December 21, 2012.
24. ^ "Congress Holds Hearing on New Partnership for
African Development". Bureau of International
Information Programs. america.gov. September 20,
2002. Archived from the original on March 29, 2010. Page | 32
25. ^ "AAI Recognizes Tempelsman as Distinguished
Trustee". Rapaport. diamonds.net. Retrieved July
4, 2013.
26. ^ Erlendsson, Elina; Taylor, Carolina. "2001 Annual
Report"(PDF). Eurasia Foundation. usaid.gov. p. 5.
27. ^ "NDI Board of Directors: Maurice
Tempelsman". National Democratic Institute for
International Affairs. ndi.org. Retrieved November
16, 2009.
28. ^ "People: International Advisory Council". Harvard
School of Public Health. aids.harvard.edu. Archived
from the original on January 23, 2013.
29. ^ "Robert Speisman -- Executive, 48". The New
York Times. nytimes.com. September 15, 2001.
pp. A21. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
30. ^ Clayson, Jane (July 25, 2000). "Reading Celebs
Through Their Wills". CBS News.
31. ^ Pottker, Jan (2002). Janet and Jackie: The Story
of a Mother and Her Daughter, Jacqueline Kennedy
Onassis. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
p. 310. ISBN 978-0-312-30281-8.
32. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Onassis Leaves Estate to Charity
and Her Children". New York Times. nytimes.com.
June 2, 1994. pp. A16. Retrieved November
11, 2009.
33. ^ Gates, Anita (November 5, 2000). "A Lady Who
Never Stopped Being First". New York Times.
nytimes.com. pp. A4. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
34. ^ "First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis:
Memorial Tributes in the One Hundred Third
Congress of the United States". United States
Government Printing Office. access.gpo.gov. 1995.
p. 62. Retrieved November 16, 2009.
35. ^ "Last Will & Testament – Jacqueline Kennedy
Onassis". New York Surrogate's Court.
36. ^ David Cay Johnston (December 21, 1996). "Mrs.
Onassis's Estate Worth Less Than Estimated". The
New York Times.
HUB Forensics
External links
 Lazare Kaplan International Inc.

Categories:
 1929 births
 20th-century American businesspeople Page | 33
 21st-century American businesspeople
 American Orthodox Jews
 American people of Belgian-Jewish descent
 Philanthropists from New York (state)
 American socialites
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 Businesspeople from New York City
 Diamond dealers
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Languages
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Edit links
 This page was last edited on 26 September 2019, at
02:25 (UTC).
HUB Forensics
莫里斯·坦佩斯曼（Maurice Tempelsman）
维基百科，自由的百科全书
跳转到导航跳转到搜索
莫里斯·坦佩斯曼（Maurice Tempelsman） Page | 34
莫里斯·坦佩斯曼（Maurice Tempelsman），2012
年 12 月
天生 1929 年 8 月 26 日（年龄 90 岁）
安特卫普，比利时
国籍比利时裔美国人
母校纽约大学
占用商人，钻石商人
 滕珀斯曼集团的创始人
闻名
 Lazare Kaplan International 董事长[1]
配偶莉莉·布霍尔兹（Lilly Bucholz）（1949–
2000）（离婚）
伙伴）杰奎琳·奥纳西斯（Jacqueline Onassis）

（1980-1994）（她去世）
孩童 3
HUB Forensics
莫里斯·坦佩斯曼（Maurice Tempelsman）（1929 年 8 月 26 日出生）是一名比利时

裔美国商人和钻石商人。[2] [3]他是美国前第一夫人杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奥纳西斯
（Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis）的长期同伴。
Page | 35
内容
 1 早期生活
 2 商业利益
 3 慈善和政治活动
 4 个人生活
o 4.1 婚姻与子女
o 4.2 与杰奎琳·奥纳西斯的关系
 5 另请参见
 6 参考资料
 7 个外部链接
早年[ 编辑]
滕珀斯曼（Tempelsman）于 1929 年 8 月 26 日出生于比利时的安特卫普，莱昂和海
伦·滕珀斯曼（Helene Tempelsman）都是东正教犹太人，[4]的儿子在安特卫普犹太社
区的一个以意第绪语表达的家庭中。[3]在 1940 年，Tempelsman 和家人移民到美国，
以逃避迫害，纳粹德国在第二次世界大战。Tempelsman 在 16 岁时就开始为父亲钻石
经纪人工作。[3]他上了纽约市的公立学校和纽约大学。[5] [6] [7][8] [9]
商业利益[ 编辑]
1950 年，滕珀斯曼（Tempelsman）说服美国政府以中间人身份说服美国政府为工业
和军事目的储备非洲钻石，从而创造了一个新的营销利基市场。1957 年，年仅 27 岁
的他和律师阿德莱·史蒂文森（Adlai Stevenson）前往非洲，坦佩斯曼（Tempelsman）
在那里开始与领导人建立联系。他的接触最终从南非反种族隔离政策家奥利弗·坦博
（Oliver Tambo）到扎伊尔的盗窃独裁者蒙博托·塞西·塞科（Mobutu Sese Seko）以
及颇具影响力的奥本海默钻石家族。Tempelsman 是公司董事长的的董事会的美国最
大的钻石公司 Lazare Kaplan International Inc.（LKI）以其以“ Lazare Diamonds”品
牌名在全球范围内销售的“理想切割 ”钻石而著称。[10] [11] [12] Tempelsman 是少于
90“一看货商在世界上”，这意味着一年他被允许直接从强大的购买钻石 10 倍戴比尔斯
卡特尔伦敦金融城。由于 DeBeers 实际上是一家垄断企业，因此多年以来，它在美国
无法合法经营。
HUB Forensics
Page | 36
莫里斯·坦佩斯曼（Maurice Tempelsman）和尼古拉·齐奥塞斯库
（Nicolae Ceausescu）一起坐在一张桌子上（照片中的这个细节），1974 年 7 月在
罗马尼亚。[13]
他还是房地产和风险投资专业投资公司 Leon Tempelsman＆Son 的普通合伙人。[14]
慈善和政治活动[ 编辑]
滕珀斯曼与政治和商业领袖保持联系，特别是非洲和俄罗斯的政府领导人，以及美国
民主党的领导人。[2] [10]与比尔·克林顿（Bill Clinton）担任总统期间的情况一样，他广
泛的政治往来和金钱贡献经常使他在这些市场中享有进入和享有声誉的机会。[2] [15] 从
1993 年到 1997 年，滕珀斯曼至少拜访了白宫十次，两次与希拉里·克林顿私下会面，
与克林顿夫妇和肯尼迪一家人在玛莎葡萄园（Martha's Vineyard）乘飞机飞往莫斯科，
与克林顿总统一起返回空军一号。[2] [7]
在南部非洲，坦佩斯曼在敌对政府与从事钻石勘探的公司之间的谈判中发挥了关键作
用。他会见了蒙博托·塞泽·塞科（Mobutu Sese Seko），以协助该政权与戴比尔斯
（De Beers）进行业务往来。1960 年代，滕珀斯曼（Tempelsman）聘请了中央情报
局驻金沙萨的站长拉里·德夫林（Larry Devlin），他帮助蒙博托掌权，随后担任他的
私人顾问。[16] [17]从 1977 年 3 月 3 日起，滕珀斯曼（Tempelsman ）在刚果民主共和
国（DRC）短暂地担任扎伊尔名誉总领事，现在被称为刚果民主共和国（DRC）。纽
约市领事馆。[18] 除了刚果民主共和国，坦珀斯曼在安哥拉，博茨瓦纳，纳米比亚和塞
拉利昂的钻石工业中也发挥了关键作用。[19] [20] [21] [22]
滕普斯曼（Tempelsman ）从 1999 年至 2002 年担任非洲公司理事会（CCA）主席，
并于 2007 年至 2008 年再次担任该委员会主席，之后被任命为名誉主席。[23]他与
CCA 合作的一个例子是协助政府领导人建立非洲发展新伙伴关系。[24]滕普斯曼
（Tempelsman）是南部非洲企业发展基金会（South African African Enterprise
Development Fund）的董事会成员，并曾是非裔美国学会（Africa-America Institute）
的主席兼长期服务董事会成员。[25]
Tempelsman 是受托人的的欧亚基金会，[26]和导演的的全国民主国际事务研究所，[27]
该中心为国家政策，在商业理事会国际理解和美俄商业理事会。[9]
他是哈佛大学公共卫生学院的 AIDS 计划国际咨询委员会主席，[28]，并且是 Woods
Hole 海洋学研究所的荣誉受托人和荣誉会员。滕普斯曼（Tempelsman）是对外关系
HUB Forensics
委员会的成员，并被任命为波士顿美术博物馆古典艺术系的访客。的的董事美国诗人
学院，Tempelsman 还担任理事美术纽约大学研究院，并在 Lenox Hill 医院的顾问委
员会。他曾担任过总统委员会包括总统的人权观察委员会，公民的青年机会咨询委员
会和国家公路安全咨询委员会，并被任命为纽约国际商业理事会的成员。[9]
个人生活[ 编辑] Page | 37
婚姻与子女[ 编辑]
滕普斯曼（Tempelsman）由他的妻子莉莉·布霍尔兹（Lilly Bucholz）抚养长大，后
者也与家人一起逃离了安特卫普。他们于 1949 年结婚。[3]他们的女儿，瑞纳，是罗伯
特 Speisman，一个寡妇执行副总裁拉扎尔卡普兰国际公司谁在船上去世美国航空公
司 77 号航班，当飞机撞向五角大楼的期间九月 11 次攻击。[29]
Tempelsman 和 Bucholz 于 1984 年正式分居。据《人物》报道，Bucholz 和
Tempelsman 从未合法离婚。[4]
与杰奎琳·奥纳西斯的关系[ 编辑]
Tempelsman 是 Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis 的长期同伴。[2] [30] 莫里斯（Maurice）
和莉莉·坦佩斯曼（Lilly Tempelsman）是 1961 年在弗吉尼亚州弗农山举行的国宴上
的嘉宾，以纪念巴基斯坦总统阿尤布·汗（Ayub Khan）。两人于 1980 年，即杰奎琳
去世五年后，开始了长期的恋爱关系。 Onassis 的第二任丈夫 Aristotle Onassis。
[10] [31] 1988 年，滕珀斯曼（Tempelsman）搬到纽约市奥纳西斯（Onassis）的第五大
道顶层公寓。[4] 在他们的关系中，他处理了 Onassis 的财务，将她已故丈夫的 2600

万美元担保翻了两番。房地产。[32]这对夫妻经常在中央公园散步，并于 1994 年 5 月
19 日因非霍奇金淋巴瘤去世而享年 64 岁，在此之前被拍照。[33] 坦佩斯曼在奥纳西斯
的 s 仪馆读君士坦丁·卡瓦菲她的一首诗《伊萨卡》（Ithaca）是她的最爱，她最后说：
“现在旅途结束了，太短了，可惜，太短了。它充满了冒险与智慧，欢笑与爱意，英勇
与恩典。如此，告别。” [3] [34] Tempelsman 是两个中的一个执行器的的旨意她已经与
长期律师 Alexander D. Forger 签定了协议。[32]她给他留下了“希腊女子的雪花石膏头”
的名字，并任命坦佩斯曼（Tempelsman）为慈善组织 C＆J 基金会的联席主席。
[32] [35]但是，在缴纳遗产税后，没有剩余资金可用来资助基金会。[36]
另请参阅[ 编辑]
 比利时门户
 纽约市门户
 比利时美国人名单
 纽约大学校友名单
 来自安特卫普的人的名单
 纽约市人士名单
参考[ 编辑]
HUB Forensics
1. ^ “莫里斯・滕珀斯曼”。彭博社。检索 2019-09-22。
2. ^ a b c d e 跳至： Schmidt，苏珊（1997 年 8 月 2 日）。
“关注钻石的 DNC 捐助者”。华盛顿邮报。
washingtonpost.com。pp.A01 。于 2009 年 11 月 9
日检索。
Page | 38
3. ^ a b c d e 跳至： McFadden，Robert D.（1994 年 5 月
24 日）。“第一夫人的死亡：同伴；安静地在她身边，
最后公开”。纽约时报。nytimes.com。第 A17 页。于
2009 年 11 月 9 日检索。
4. ^ a b c 跳至： Gleick，伊丽莎白（1994 年 7 月 11
日）。“爱杰基的人”。人。42（2）：75–81 。于
2009 年 11 月 14 日检索。
5. ^ Heymann，Clemens David（2007）。美国遗产：
约翰和卡罗琳·肯尼迪的故事。纽约：西蒙和舒斯特。
第 261–262 页。书号 978-0-7434-9738-1。
6. ^ Povoledo，Elisabetta（2008 年 2 月 26 日）。“神
庙雕塑回到意大利”。纽约时报。于 2009 年 11 月 11
日检索。
7. ^ a b 跳至： Ifill，Gwen（1993 年 8 月 25 日）。“克林
顿和肯尼迪斯：30 年，一个完整的圈子 ”。纽约时报。
nytimes.com。第 A10 页。于 2009 年 11 月 11 日检
索。
8. ^ Povoledo，伊丽莎白（2007 年 9 月 1 日）。“两个
大理石雕塑返回西西里岛”。纽约时报。于 2009 年
11 月 11 日检索。
9. ^ a b c 跳至： “生物：Maurice Tempelsman”。欧亚基
金会。eurasia.org。（原始内容存档于 2009 年 3 月
1 日）。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
10. ^ a b c 跳至： Melman，尤西；Asaf 的 Carmel（2005
年 3 月 25 日）。“钻石原石”。哈雷斯。haaretz.com 。
于 2009 年 11 月 9 日检索。
11. ^ Dougherty，菲利普 H。“ Lazare Kaplan 国际公司”。
纽约时报。
12. ^ “ Lazare Kaplan 销售下降，因为担心的买家重新评
估策略”。Mmegi。mmegi.bw。2009 年 1 月 16 日。
于 2009 年 11 月 9 日检索。
13. ^ Arhivele Nationale ale Romaniei si Insitutul de
Investigare 一名罪犯在罗马尼亚。“在线 Fototeca 罗
马书”。iiccr.ro。
14. ^ “莫里斯・坦佩斯曼档案”。福布斯。
people.forbes.com 。于 2009 年 11 月 14 日检索。
HUB Forensics
15. ^ “ 陪同总统的正式代表团到非洲 ”。新闻秘书办公室。

clinton2.nara.gov。1998 年 3 月 20 日。于 2009 年
11 月 16 日检索。
16. ^ Silverstein，Ken（2001 年 4 月 23 日）。“死亡金
刚石”。国家。于 2014 年 5 月 19 日检索。
Page | 39
17. ^ Smillie，Ian（2010）。石头上的鲜血：全球钻石
贸易中的贪婪，腐败与战争。国歌出版社。第 163–
166 页。书号 0857289632。
18. ^ “哥伦比亚–捷克共和国”。美国国务院。state.gov。
2003 年秋冬季。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
19. ^ “ OPIC 董事会批准 2.5 亿美元用于在博茨瓦纳发展
钻石切割和抛光”（新闻稿）。海外私人投资公司。
10 月 10 日，2008 年存档从原来的 2009 年 8 月 13
日。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
20. ^ “ OPIC 和美国公司合作伙伴，以改善新兴市场中的
钻石生产和销售”（新闻稿）。海外私人投资公司。
2004 年 10 月 18 日。原始内容存档于 2009 年 8 月
13 日。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
21. ^ “美国国际开发署在安哥拉签署了一项 150 万美元的
合作计划，以改善经济机会”（新闻稿）。海外私人投
资公司。2005 年 6 月 17 日。原始文档存档于 2009
年 9 月 7 日。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
22. ^ 肯尼迪（Charles Stuart）（1993 年 4 月 6 日）。
“对约翰·A·莱恩汉大使的采访”。外交研究和训练协会。
lcweb2.loc.gov 。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
23. ^ “莫里斯・滕珀斯曼生物”。欧亚基金会。检索
2012 年 12 月 21 日。
24. ^ “国会举行关于非洲发展新的伙伴关系的听证会”。
国际信息计划局。美国政府归档于 2002 年 9 月 20
日。原始内容存档于 2010 年 3 月 29 日。于 2009 年
11 月 16 日检索。
25. ^ “ AAI 认可 Tempelsman 作为杰出的受托人”。拉帕
波特。diamonds.net 。检索 2013 年 7 月 4 日。
26. ^ Ellendsson，埃琳娜；泰勒，卡罗来纳州。“ 2001
年年度报告”（PDF）。欧亚基金会。usaid.gov。p。
5 。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
27. ^ “ NDI 董事会：莫里斯・滕珀斯曼”。国家民主国际
事务研究所。ndi.org 。于 2009 年 11 月 16 日检索。
28. ^ “ 人们：国际咨询委员会 ”。哈佛大学公共卫生学院。
aids.harvard.edu。（原始内容存档于 2013 年 1 月
23 日）。于 2009 年 11 月 15 日检索。
HUB Forensics
29. ^ “罗伯特 Speisman-执行委员，48”。纽约时报。

nytimes.com。2001 年 9 月 15 日，第 A21 页。于
2009 年 11 月 11 日检索。
30. ^ Clayson，Jane（2000 年 7 月 25 日）。“通过他们
的意志读名人”。CBS 新闻。
Page | 40
31. ^ Pottker，Jan（2002）。珍妮特（Janet）和杰基
（Jackie）：母女的故事，杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奥纳西斯
（Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis）。纽约：圣马丁的
格里芬。p。310. ISBN 978-0-312-30281-8。
32. ^ 跳至：a b c “奥纳西斯离开遗产给慈善机构和她的孩
子们”。纽约时报。nytimes.com。1994 年 6 月 2 日，
第 A16 页。于 2009 年 11 月 11 日检索。
33. ^ 盖茨，阿妮塔（2000 年 11 月 5 日）。“永远不停止
成为第一的夫人”。纽约时报。nytimes.com。第 A4
页。于 2009 年 11 月 11 日检索。
34. ^ “第一夫人杰奎琳・肯尼迪・奥纳西斯：纪念进贡在
美国的一百个第三次国会”。美国政府印刷局。
access.gpo.gov。1995 年。62 。于 2009 年 11 月
16 日检索。
35. ^ “最后遗嘱及遗嘱-杰奎琳·肯尼迪”。纽约代理法院。
36. ^ 大卫·凯·约翰斯顿（1996 年 12 月 21 日）。
“ Onassis 夫人的财产值得估计”。纽约时报。
外部链接[ 编辑]
 Lazare Kaplan International Inc.

分类：
 1929 年出生
 20 世纪的美国商人
 21 世纪的美国商人
 美国东正教犹太人
 比利时犹太裔美国人
 纽约州的慈善家
 美国名媛
 比利时移民到美国
 比利时东正教犹太人
 来自纽约市的商人
 钻石经销商
 肯尼迪家族
 活人
 纽约州民主党人
HUB Forensics
 纽约大学校友
 来自安特卫普的人们
 上东区的人
 犹太人逃避纳粹主义
 比尔·克林顿总统 Page | 41
 哈佛大学公共卫生学院人
语言能力
 波尔斯基
编辑连结
 本页面最后编辑于 2019 年 9 月 26 日（UTC）。
 文字下是可用的知识共享署名-相同方式共享许可 ; 其他条款可能适用。使用本网站，您同意使用条款和隐私政策。Wikipedia®是的注册商标维基媒体基金会，公司，一个非营利性组
织。
Michael J. Elliott
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Michael Elliott
Michael Elliott, speaks at the World Economic

Forum annual meeting in 2009
Born Michael John Elliott
31 May 1951
HUB Forensics
Liverpool, England, UK
Died 14 July 2016 (aged 65)
Washington, D.C., United States Page | 42
Alma mater University of Oxford
Occupation President and CEO, ONE
Michael John Elliott OBE (31 May 1951 – 14 July 2016) was a British journalist and
executive, long-based in the United States. He was the president and chief executive
officer of the anti-poverty advocacy organization ONE.
Awarded an OBE in 2003 for services to journalism, Elliott previously held senior
executive positions at Time Magazine, Newsweek, and The Economist. After leaving
journalism in 2011, he became president and CEO of the ONE campaign, the global
development organization founded by U2 lead singer Bono.[1][2][3]
Contents
 1Early life and education

 2Career
 3Death
 4Bibliography
 5References
 6External links
Early life and education

Elliott was born in Liverpool, England in 1951. He attended the University of
Oxford.[when?][4][5]
Career
After his graduation, Elliott was a lecturer at Northwestern University, the University
of Warwick and the London School of Economics. He joined The Economist in 1984.
He relocated from England to the United States in 1986, and subsequently became
the publication's Washington bureau chief and political editor. In 1993, Elliott moved
to Newsweek, where he served as the diplomatic editor until 1995, when he was
named editor of Newsweek International.
In May 2001 he joined the staff of Time magazine as an editor at large; in 2004 he
was named editor of Time Asia and in 2005 he was appointed editor of Time
International and deputy managing editor of Time.[6][7][8] He coined the
term Nylonkong in 2008.[9]
HUB Forensics
Elliott became CEO of ONE in 2011, and oversaw the organization's global
operations.[10][11]
In 2005, GoodNet named Elliot as one of the world’s 25 inspiring CEOs. [12]
Death[edit]
Page | 43
Elliot died from complications of bladder cancer at the age of 65 in Washington,
D.C.[13][14][15]
Bibliography
 The Day Before Yesterday: Reconsidering America's Past, Rediscovering the

Present (Simon & Schuster, April 1999)[16]
 Heartbeat London: The Anatomy of a Supercity (Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd, June
1986)[17]
References
1. ^ Burrell, Ian (15 January 2007). "Michael Elliot: He's having the Time of his
life". The Independent. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
2. ^ "Michael Elliott Holds OBE". Getty Images. Getty Images. Retrieved 31
July 2015.
3. ^ Silver, Marc (21 January 2015). "Feeling Gloomy? Maybe Things On Earth
Aren't As Bad As You Think". National Public Radio. NPR. Retrieved 31
July 2015.
4. ^ "Michael Elliott profile". originmagazine.com. 1 December 2013.
5. ^ Brook, Stephen (18 October 2007). "Elliott Promoted at Time". The
Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
6. ^ Shea, Danny (12 May 2005). "TIME Promotes Nancy Gibbs, Michael Elliott
To Top Ranks". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
7. ^ Brook, Stephen (17 March 2010). "Michael Elliott Moves Up at Time". The
Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
8. ^ "Michael J. Elliott". World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum.
Retrieved 31 July 2015.
9. ^ Chan, Kwok-bun (13 September 2013). Hybrid Hong Kong.
Routledge. ISBN 9781135755072.
10. ^ Bazilion, Emily (7 June 2011). "Bono Hires Time Inc.'s Michael Elliott".
Adweek. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
11. ^ Kelly, Keith J. (6 June 2011). "Bono's charity taps Time Deputy Editor Elliott
as new CEO". New York Post. Retrieved 31 July2015.
12. ^ "25 Inspiring CEOs Who Change Lives Every Single Day -
Goodnet". Goodnet. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
13. ^ "Michael Elliott, Newsmagazine Editor and Humanitarian, Dies at 65". The
New York Times. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
14. ^ Belinda Luscombe (15 July 2016). "Michael Elliott: TIME International Editor
Dies at 65". Time.com. Retrieved 3 January2017.
15. ^ "Michael Elliott obituary". One.org. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
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16. ^ Hendrickson, David C. (1 November 1996). "The Day Before Yesterday:

Reconsidering America's Past, Rediscovering the Present". Foreign Affairs.
Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
17. ^ "Heartbeat London". Amazon. Amazon. Retrieved 31 July2015.
External links Page | 44
 Appearances on C-SPAN
Categories:
 1951 births
 2016 deaths
 Alumni of the University of Oxford
 Journalists from Liverpool
 British chief executives
 British political journalists
 British male journalists
 Officers of the Order of the British Empire
 Deaths from bladder cancer
 Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.
Languages
 Simple English
Edit links
 This page was last edited on 17 October 2018, at 16:41 (UTC).
 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By
using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of
the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Gayle Smith
Gayle E. Smith Page | 45
President and CEO of the ONE Campaign
Incumbent
Assumed office
March 28, 2017
Preceded by Michael J. Elliott
Administrator of the United States Agency for

International Development
In office
December 2, 2015 – January 20, 2017
Preceded by Alfonso Lenhardt (Acting)
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Succeeded by Wade Warren (Acting)
Personal details
Page | 46
Alma mater University of Colorado, Boulder
Gayle Smith is the president and CEO of the ONE Campaign and the
former administrator of the United States Agency for International Development.
Smith was previously the special assistant to the President of the United States and
Senior Director for Development and Democracy at the U.S. National Security
Council.[1]
On April 30, 2015, President Obama announced his nomination of Smith to be the
new administrator for the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID), to succeed Dr. Rajiv Shah, who resigned the post in
February 2015.[2] There was some opposition to her appointment.[3][4] The Senate
delayed confirmation.[5] Smith was later confirmed on November 30, 2015.[6][7]
Smith joined the ONE Campaign on March 28, 2017 succeeding Michael J. Elliot.
Awards
Smith has won the following awards:[1]
 1989 World Journalism Award from the World Affairs Council

 1991 World Hunger Year Award
 1999 U.S. National Security Council’s Samuel Nelson Drew Award for
Distinguished Contribution in Pursuit of Global Peace.
References
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "White House Profile:Gayle Smith". The White House.

2. ^ Cooper, Helene. "Obama Nominates Gayle Smith to Lead
U.S.A.I.D." NYTimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
3. ^ "Amid Ethiopia Elections 2015, Obama's USAID Nominee Gayle Smith
Slammed For Supporting Africa's Repressive Regimes". International
Business Times. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
4. ^ Picard, Joe. "Senate should not confirm Gayle Smith". TheHill.
5. ^ Hulse, Carl (2015-09-10). "Partisan Tussle Keeps Top U.S. Aid Job
Vacant". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
6. ^ "Senate Confirms Gayle E. Smith as Head of U.S.A.I.D." The New York
Times. November 30, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
7. ^ "U.S. Senate's Confirmation of Gayle Smith as Administrator of the United
States Agency for International Development". United States Department of
State. November 30, 2015. Retrieved December 4, 2015.
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External links
 "Statement for the Record of Gayle E. Smith, Nominee for Administrator, before
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee". www.usaid.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
 "Open Letter to Gayle Smith, Nominee for USAID Administrator | Boston
Review". bostonreview.net. Retrieved 2015-11-30. Page | 47
Political offices
Administrator of the United

Preceded by Succeeded by
States Agency for International
Alfonso Lenhardt Wade Warren
Development
Acting Acting
2015–2017
This biography of a person who has held a non-elected position in the federal
government of the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Categories:
 Administrators of the United States Agency for International Development

 Living people
 United States National Security Advisors
 United States government biography stubs
Languages

 Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By
using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of
the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

(Redirected from Gates Foundation)

Page | 48
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Abbreviation BMGF
Formation 2000; 19 years ago[1]
 Bill Gates
Founders
 Melinda Gates
Type  Non-operating private foundation

 501(c)(3)[2]
Purpose Healthcare, Education,

Ending poverty
Headquarters Seattle, Washington, U.S
Area served Worldwide
Method Donations, Grants
Key people  Bill Gates (Co-Chair)

 Melinda Gates (Co-Chair)
 William H. Gates Sr. (Co-Chair)
 Susan Desmond-Hellmann (CEO)
Endowment $50.7 billion (2017)[3]
Employees 1,541 (2017)[3]
Website GatesFoundation.org
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Formerly William H. Gates Foundation

called
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), previously the William H. Gates
Foundation, is an American private foundation founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. Page | 49
Based in Seattle, Washington, it was launched in 2000 and is reported to be the
largest private foundation in the world,[4] holding $50.7 billion in assets.[5] The
primary goals of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce
extreme poverty, and, in the U.S., to expand educational opportunities and access to
information technology. The foundation is controlled by its three trustees: Bill and
Melinda Gates, and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William
H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann.[6]
It had an endowment of $50.7 billion as of December 31, 2017.[3] The scale of the
foundation and the way it seeks to apply business techniques to giving makes it one
of the leaders in venture philanthropy,[7] though the foundation itself notes that the
philanthropic role has limitations.[8] In 2007, its founders were ranked as the second
most generous philanthropists in the US, and Warren Buffett the first.[9] As of May 16,
2013, Bill Gates had donated $28 billion to the foundation. [1][10] Since its founding,
the foundation has endowed and supported a broad range of social, health, and
education developments including the establishment of the Gates Cambridge
Scholarships at Cambridge University.
Contents
 1History
o 1.1Warren Buffett donation
 2Activities
o 2.1Program areas and grant database
o 2.2Open access policy
o 2.3Funds for grants in developing countries
 3Financials
o 3.1Trust investments
 4Global development division
o 4.1Gates Cambridge Scholarships
o 4.2Financial assistance
o 4.3Agricultural Development
o 4.4Water, sanitation and hygiene
o 4.5Other Global Initiatives
 5Global health division
 6United States division
o 6.1Donation to Planned Parenthood
o 6.2Libraries
o 6.3Education
o 6.4Pacific Northwest
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 7Criticisms and reforms

o 7.1Modi Goalkeepers Award
o 7.2Poverty and education policy
o 7.3Calls for divestment
 8Lifespan
 9Awards Page | 50
 10See also
 11Notes and references
 12External links
History
Headquarters complex in Seattle as seen from the Space Needle
Front building
In 1994, the foundation was formed as the William H. Gates Foundation. [11] During
the foundation's following years, funding grew to $2 billion. On June 15, 2006, Gates
announced his plans to transition out of a day-to-day role with Microsoft, effective
July 31, 2008,[12] to allow him to devote more time to working with the foundation.
In 2005, Bill and Melinda Gates, along with the Irish rock musician Bono, were
named by Time as Persons of the Year 2005 for their outstanding charitable
work.[13] In the case of Bill and Melinda Gates, the work referenced was that of this
foundation.
In April 2010, Gates was invited to visit and speak at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology where he asked the students to take on the hard problems of the world
in their futures. He also explained the nature and philosophy of his philanthropic
endeavors.[14][15]
In 2010, the foundation's founders started the Commission on Education of Health

Professionals for the 21st Century, entitled "Transforming education to strengthen
health systems in an interdependent world."[16]
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A 2011 survey of grantees found that many believed the foundation did not make its
goals and strategies clear and sometimes did not understand those of the grantees;
that the foundation's decision- and grantmaking procedures were too opaque; and
that its communications could be more consistent and responsive. The foundation's
response was to improve the clarity of its explanations, make "orientation calls" to
grantees upon awarding grants, tell grantees who their foundation contact is, give Page | 51
timely feedback when they receive a grantee report, and establish a way for
grantees to provide anonymous or attributed feedback to the foundation.[17] The
foundation also launched a podcast series.[18]
In 2013, Hillary Clinton launched a partnership between the
foundation and the Clinton Foundation to gather and study data on the
progress of women and girls around the world since the 1995 United Nations Fourth
World Conference On Women in Beijing.[19][20] This is called "No Ceilings: The Full
Participation Project."[19][20]
Warren Buffett donation
On June 25, 2006, Warren Buffett (then the world's richest person,
estimated worth of $62 billion as of April 16, 2008) pledged to give the foundation
approximately 10 million Berkshire Hathaway Class B shares spread over multiple
years through annual contributions, with the first year's donation of 500,000 shares
being worth approximately $1.5 billion.[21] Buffett set conditions so that these
contributions do not simply increase the foundation's endowment, but effectively
work as a matching contribution, doubling the foundation's annual giving. Bloomberg
News noted, "Buffett's gift came with three conditions for the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation: Bill or Melinda Gates must be alive and active in its administration; it
must continue to qualify as a charity; and each year it must give away an amount
equal to the previous year's Berkshire gift, plus an additional amount equal to 5
percent of net assets. Buffett gave the foundation two years to abide by the third
requirement."[22][23][24] The Gates Foundation received 5% (500,000) of the shares in
July 2006 and will receive 5% of the remaining earmarked shares in the July of each
following year (475,000 in 2007, 451,250 in 2008).[25][26] In July 2018, Buffet
announced another donation of his company's Class B stock, this time worth $2
billion, to the Gates Foundation.[27]
Activities
Program areas and grant database
To maintain its status as a charitable foundation, the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation must donate funds equal to at least 5 percent of its assets each
year.[28] As of April 2014, the foundation is organized into four program areas under
chief executive officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann, who "sets strategic priorities,
monitors results, and facilitates relationships with key partners":[29]
 Global Development Division

 Global Health Division
 United States Division
 Global Policy & Advocacy Division
 Global Growth & Opportunity Division[30]
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The foundation maintains an online database of grants on its website which includes
for each grant the name of the grantee organization, the purpose of the grant and the
amount.[31] This database is publicly available.
Open access policy
In November 2014, the Gates Foundation announced that they were adopting Page | 52
an open access (OA) policy for publications and data, "to enable the unrestricted
access and reuse of all peer-reviewed published research funded by the foundation,
including any underlying data sets".[32] This move has been widely applauded by
those who are working in the area of capacity building and knowledge sharing.[citation
needed] Its terms have been called the most stringent among similar OA policies. [33] As
of January 1, 2015 their Open Access policy is effective for all new agreements. [34] In
March 2017, it was confirmed that the open access policy, Gates Open
Research[35] would be based on the same initiative launched in 2016 by Wellcome
Trust in their Wellcome Open Research policy[36] launched in partnership with F1000
Research.[37][38] The Gates Foundation supported Our World in Data, a widely used
publication on global change and one of the world's largest open-access
publications.[39] Bill Gates called the publication his "favorite website".[40]
Funds for grants in developing countries
The following table lists the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's committed funding as
recorded in their International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) publications. The
Gates Foundation announced in October 2013 that it would join the IATI. [41] The IATI
publications only include a subset of Gates Foundation grants (mainly excluding
grants to developed countries), and contain few grants before 2009 (which are
excluded from the table).[42] The Gates Foundation states on the IATI Registry site
that "reporting starts from 2009 and excludes grants related to our US programs and
grants that if published could harm our employees, grantees, partners, or the
beneficiaries of our work".[43]
Committed funding ($ millions)
DAC 5 Digit Sector[44] 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Sum
Infectious disease
256.9 720.3 462.8 528.7 1248.3 1271.8 1097.5 5586.4
control
Malaria control 324.5 101.7 133.6 75.5 302.4 377.6 140.8 1456.1
STD control including

175.5 26.9 291.4 199.7 184.4 264.4 165.7 1308.0
HIV/AIDS
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Page | 53
Tuberculosis control 69.2 211.1 59.5 273.9 135.3 100.1 244.8 1094.0
Reproductive health care 173.8 66.8 77.4 165.2 84.9 207.6 130.0 905.8
Agricultural research 84.7 27.8 196.2 192.8 207.1 14.7 83.9 807.2
Family planning 104.5 21.2 21.4 49.3 165.0 145.8 181.7 688.9
Health policy and

administrative 119.3 14.3 145.7 75.5 61.1 113.4 130.3 659.5
management
Agricultural
5.2 30.0 0.0 35.0 0.0 325.1 86.1 481.3
development
Agricultural policy and

administrative 72.9 30.0 77.5 77.1 86.2 19.7 96.9 460.3
management
Promotion of
47.2 45.0 35.5 41.7 124.4 61.7 80.7 436.2
development awareness
Basic health care 22.3 23.9 43.7 73.2 1.7 45.6 206.3 416.7
Basic nutrition 19.2 15.7 40.9 51.5 63.7 55.9 148.2 395.2
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Page | 54
Basic sanitation 10.1 34.9 82.9 74.9 59.1 48.7 64.9 375.5
Financial policy and

administrative 29.0 18.4 9.8 8.9 70.1 32.9 53.4 222.5
management
Other 487.5 273.8 2208.9 260.2 332.1 433.3 2195.7 6191.5
Total 2002 1662 3887 2183 3126 3518 5107 21485
The following table lists the top receiving organizations to which the Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation has committed funding, between 2009 and 2015. The table again
only includes grants recorded in the Gates Foundation's IATI publications. [42]
Organization Amount ($ millions)
GAVI Alliance 3,152.8
World Health Organization 1,535.1
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria 777.6
PATH 635.2
United States Fund for UNICEF 461.1
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The Rotary Foundation of Rotary International 400.1

Page | 55
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 340.0
Global Alliance for TB Drug Development 338.4
Medicines for Malaria Venture 334.1
PATH Vaccine Solutions 333.4
UNICEF Headquarters 277.6
Johns Hopkins University 265.4
Aeras 227.6
Clinton Health Access Initiative Inc 199.5
International Development Association 174.7
CARE 166.2
World Health Organization Nigeria Country Office 166.1
Agence française de développement 165.0
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Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo 153.1

Page | 56
Cornell University 146.7
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa 146.4
United Nations Foundation 143.0
University of Washington Foundation 138.2
Foundation for the National Institutes of Health 136.2
Emory University 123.2
University of California San Francisco 123.1
Population Services International 122.5
University of Oxford 117.8
International Food Policy Research Institute 110.7
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture 104.8
Financials[edit]
The foundation explains on its website that its trustees divided the organization into
two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation Trust. The foundation section, based in Seattle, US, "focuses on
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improving health and alleviating extreme poverty", and its trustees are Bill and
Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. The trust section manages "the investment
assets and transfer proceeds to the foundation as necessary to achieve the
foundation's charitable goals"—it holds the assets of Bill and Melinda Gates, who are
the sole trustees, and receives contributions from Buffett.[45]
The foundation posts its audited financial statements and 990-PF forms on the Page | 57
"Financials" section of its website as they become available. At the end of 2012, the
foundation registered a cash sum of $4,998,000, down from $10,810,000 at the end
of 2011. Unrestricted net assets at the end of 2012 were worth $31,950,613,000,
while total assets were worth $37,176,777,000.[46]
Trust investments[edit]
As of 30 September 2018, according to documents filed with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission, the trust owned the following investments:[47]
Company # Shares Value ($ thousands)
Arcos Dorados Holdings 3,060,500 $19,128
AutoNation 1,898,717 $78,892
Berkshire Hathaway Class B 62,078,974 $13,291,729
Canadian National Railway 17,126,874 $1,537,993
Caterpillar Inc. 11,260,857 $1,717,168
FEMSA 6,214,719 $380,589
Crown Castle 5,332,900 $593,712
Ecolab 4,366,426 $684,568
FedEx 3,024,999 $728,390
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Company # Shares Value ($ thousands)
Televisa 16,879,104 $299,435

Page | 58
Liberty Global Class A 2,119,515 $61,318
Liberty Global Class C 3,639,349 $102,484
Liberty Global Latin America Class A 370,424 $7,720
Liberty Global Latin America Class C 636,044 $13,122
Microsoft 24,000,000 $2,744,880
United Parcel Service 4,525,329 $528,332
Walmart 11,603,000 $1,089,638
Walgreens Boots Alliance 3,475,398 $253,357
Waste Management 18,633,672 $1,683,739
Global development division

Christopher Elias leads the foundation's efforts to combat extreme poverty through
grants as president of the Global Development Program.[48]
In March 2006, the foundation announced a $5 million grant for the International
Justice Mission (IJM), a human rights organization based in Washington, D.C., US to
work in the area of sex trafficking. The official announcement explained that the
grant would allow the IJM to "create a replicable model for combating sex trafficking
and slavery" that would involve the opening of an office in a region with high rates of
sex trafficking, following research. The office was opened for three years for the
following purposes: "conducting undercover investigations, training law enforcement,
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rescuing victims, ensuring appropriate aftercare, and seeking perpetrator

accountability".[49]
The IJM used the grant money to found "Project Lantern" and established an office
in the Philippines city of Cebu.[50][51] In 2010, the results of the project were published,
in which the IJM stated that Project Lantern had led to "an increase in law
enforcement activity in sex trafficking cases, an increase in commitment to resolving Page | 59
sex trafficking cases among law enforcement officers trained through the project,
and an increase in services – like shelter, counseling and career training – provided
to trafficking survivors". At the time that the results were released, the IJM was
exploring opportunities to replicate the model in other regions.[52]
Gates Cambridge Scholarships
In October 2000, William Gates established the Gates Cambridge
Scholarships which allow students and scholars from the U.S. and around the world
to study at Cambridge University, one of the top universities in the world. The Gates
Cambridge Scholarship has often been compared to the Rhodes Scholarship, given
its similarly international scope and substantial endowment. In 2000, the Gates
Foundation endowed the scholarship trust with $210 million to help outstanding
graduate students outside of the United Kingdom study at the University of
Cambridge.[53] The Gates Foundation has continued to contribute funds to expand
the scholarship, making it one of the largest and best endowed scholarships in the
world. The Gates Cambridge Scholarship accepts less than 0.3% of applicants and
remains extremely competitive. Each year, approximately 100 new graduate
students from around the world receive funding to study at Cambridge University.
Selwyn College, University of Cambridge

Financial assistance
 Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI): A $35 million grant for the AFI supports a
coalition of countries from the developing world to create savings accounts,
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insurance, and other financial services that are made available to people living
on less than $2 per day.[54][citation needed]
 Financial Access Initiative: A $5 million grant allows Financial Access Initiative to
conduct field research and answer important questions about microfinance and
financial access in impoverished countries around the world.[55]
 Pro Mujer: A five-year $3.1 million grant to Pro Mujer—a microfinance network Page | 60
in Latin America combining financial services with healthcare for the poorest
women entrepreneurs—will be used to research new opportunities for the
poorest segment of the Latin American microfinance market.[56]
 Grameen Foundation: A $1.5 million grant allows Grameen Foundation to
approve more microloans that support Grameen's goal of helping five million
additional families, and successfully freeing 50 percent of those families from
poverty within five years.[57]
Agricultural Development
 International Rice Research Institute: Between November 2007 and October

2010, the Gates Foundation offered $19.9 million to the International Rice
Research Institute. The goal of the aid was to support the increasing world
demand for rice. The Gates Foundation claims: "To keep up with worldwide
demand, the production of rice will have to increase by about 70 percent in the
next two decades."[58] The International Rice Research Institute has
developed Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice variant used to
combat Vitamin A deficiency.[59]
 Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA): The Gates Foundation has
partnered with the Rockefeller Foundation to enhance agricultural science
and small-farm productivity in Africa, building on the Green Revolution that the
Rockefeller Foundation spurred in the 1940s and 1960s. The Gates Foundation
has made an initial $100 million investment in this effort, to which the Rockefeller
Foundation has contributed $50 million.[citation needed]
[The Rockefeller Foundation have long supported the eugenics movement. Nelson
Rockefeller was also a Freemason, along with Cecil Rhodes and Winston Churchill.]
Water, sanitation and hygiene
The "sanitation value chain" used by the Gates Foundation to illustrate their
approach to sanitation, showing collection, transport, treatment and reuse.[60]
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Page | 61
The Gates Foundation created this video to advocate for increased innovation
for toilets and everything they are connected to
Example for technology innovation: The off-grid Nano Membrane Toilet of Cranfield
University - prototype on display at Reinvent the Toilet Fair in Delhi, India
The Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) program of the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation was launched in mid-2005 as a "Learning Initiative", and became a full-
fledged program under the Global Development Division in early 2010. [60] The
foundation has since 2005 undertaken a wide range of efforts in the WASH sector
involving research, experimentation, reflection, advocacy, and field implementation.
In 2009, the foundation decided to refocus its WASH effort mainly on sustainable
sanitation services for the poor, using non-piped sanitation services (i.e. without the
use of sewers),[60] and less on water supply. This was because the sanitation sector
was generally receiving less attention from other donors and from governments, and
because the foundation believed it had the potential to make a real difference
through strategic investments.
In mid 2011, the foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene
Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in
sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest
in those regions.[61] Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation
science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale,
urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and
evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications.[60][61]
In mid 2011, the foundation stated that they had committed more than $265 million to
the water, sanitation, and hygiene sector over the past five years, i.e. since about
2006.[61] For the time period of about 2008 to mid 2015, all grants awarded to water,
sanitation and hygiene projects totaled a value of around $650 million, according to
the publicly available grant database.[31]
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Example of low-tech toilet development being funded: A urine-diverting dry

toilet called Earth Auger toilet from Ecuador/USA
Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority,
as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply
and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor Page | 62
progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking water
and sanitation.[62] About one billion people have no sanitation facility whatsoever and
continue to defecate in gutters, behind bushes or in open water bodies, with no
dignity or privacy. This is called open defecation and it poses significant health
risks.[63] India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open
defecation: around 600 million people.[64] The foundation has been funding many
sanitation research and demonstration projects in India since about 2011. [65]
Reinvent the Toilet Challenge
In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge"
with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the
2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation.[66][67] This
program has generated significant interest of the mainstream media.[68][69] It was
complemented by a program called "Grand Challenges Explorations" (2011 to 2013
with some follow-up grants reaching until 2015) which involved grants of $100,000
each in the first round.[67] Both funding schemes explicitly excluded project ideas that
relied on centralized sewerage systems or are not compatible with development
country contexts.[70]
Microbial fuel cell stack that converts urine into electricity (research by University of
the West of England, UK)
Since the launch of the "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge", more than a dozen research
teams, mainly at universities in the U.S., Europe, India, China and South Africa, have
received grants to develop innovative on-site and off-site waste treatment solutions
for the urban poor. The grants were in the order of $400,000 for their first phase,
followed by typically $1 million – 3 million for their second phase; many of them
investigated resource recovery or processing technologies for excreta or fecal
sludge.[71]
The "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" is focused on "reinventing the flush toilet". The
aim was to create a toilet that not only removes pathogens from human excreta, but
also recovers resources such as energy, clean water, and nutrients (a concept also
known as reuse of excreta). It should operate "off-the-grid" without connections to
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water, sewer, or electrical networks. Finally, it should costs less than 5 cents per
user per day.[70][72]
High-tech toilets for tackling the growing public health problem of human waste are
gaining increasing attention, but this focus on a "technology fix" has also been
criticized by many in the sector.[68] However, low-tech solutions may be more
practical in poor countries, and research is also funded by the foundation for such Page | 63
toilets.[72][73]
The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to
develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet. This challenge is being complemented by
another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine
emptying (called by the foundation the "Omni-Ingestor"[74]) and fecal
sludge processing (called "Omni-Processor"). The aim of the "Omni Processor" is to
convert excreta (for example fecal sludge) into beneficial products such as energy
and soil nutrients with the potential to develop local business and revenue. [75]
Examples of transformative technologies research
 About 200 sanitation projects in many different countries and at various scales -
some with a technology focus, some with a focus on market development or
policy and advocacy, have received funding by the foundation since 2008.[76]
 The University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, South Africa Gates Foundation was
awarded $1.6 million in 2014 to act as a hub for sanitation researchers and
product developers.[77][78]
 One example of an Omni-Processor is a combustion-based system designed to
turn fecal sludge into energy and drinking water. The development of this
particular prototype by U.S.-based company Janicki Bioenergy attracted media
attention for the sanitation crisis and the work of the foundation after Bill Gates
drank water produced from this process.[79]
 Examples for the Reinvent the Toilet Challenge include: Scientists at
the University of Colorado Boulder were giving funding of $1.8 million to develop
a prototype toilet that uses solar heat to treat the fecal matter and
produce biochar.[80][81] Funding has been provided to RTI International since 2012
to develop a toilet based on electrochemical disinfection and solid waste
combustion.[82][83]
Other Global Initiatives
Some examples include:
 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake: The foundation made total grant donations of $3
million to various charities to help with the aid effort for victims of the earthquake.
These charities include: CARE international, International Rescue
Committee, Mercy Corps, Save the Children, and World Vision.[84][85][86][87][88]
 2005 Kashmir earthquake: The foundation made a donation of $500,000 for the
earthquake.[89]
[The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake appears to be due to seismic warfare]
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 In 2014, the Gates Foundation released "flexible funds" in the order of $50 million
to United Nations agencies and other organizations involved in the work against
the deadly disease Ebola in West Africa.[90]
Global health division

Since 2011, the president of the Global Health Program is Trevor Mundel. [91] Page | 64
 The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: The foundation has
donated more than $6.6 billion for global health programs, including over $1.3
billion donated as of 2012 on malaria alone, greatly increasing the dollars spent
per year on malaria research.[92][93] Before the Gates efforts on malaria, malaria
drugmakers had largely given up on producing drugs to fight the disease, and the
foundation is the world's largest donor to research on diseases of the
poor.[93] With the help of Gates-funded vaccination drives, deaths
from measles in Africa have dropped by 90 percent since 2000.[94]
The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers
of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the
hands of preventable diseases.[94] However, a 2007 investigation by The Los
Angeles Times[94] claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the
foundation's allocation of aid. First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a
shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by
pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS,
Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid
clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa. This "brain drain"
adds to the existing doctor shortage and pulls away additional trained staff from
children and those suffering from other common killers. Second, "the focus on a few
diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and
transportation".[94] Third, "Gates-funded vaccination programs have instructed
caregivers to ignore – even discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the
vaccinations cannot prevent".[94]
In response, the Gates Foundation has said that African governments need to spend
more of their budgets on public health than on wars, that the foundation has donated
at least $70 million to help improve nutrition and agriculture in Africa, in addition to its
disease-related initiatives and that it is studying ways to improve the delivery of
health care in Africa.[94]
Both insiders and external critics have suggested that there is too much deference to
Bill Gates's personal views within the Gates Foundation, insufficient internal debate,
and pervasive "group think."[93][95] Critics also complain that Gates Foundation grants
are often awarded based on social connections and ideological allegiances rather
than based on formal external review processes or technical competence.[95]
Critics have suggested that Gates' approach to Global Health and Agriculture favors
the interests of large pharmaceutical and agribusiness companies (in which Gates
invests) over the interests of the people of developing countries.[96][97][98][99]
The Global Health Program's other significant grants include:
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 Polio eradication: In 2006, the foundation provided $86 million toward efforts
attempting to eradicate poliomyelitis (polio).[100]
 The GAVI Alliance: The foundation gave the GAVI Alliance (formerly the "Global
Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization") a donation of $750 million on January
25, 2005.[101][102]
 Children's Vaccine Program: The Children's Vaccine Program, run by Page | 65
the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), received a donation
of $27 million to help vaccinate against Japanese encephalitis on December 9,
2003.[103]
 University of Washington Department of Global Health: The foundation provided
approximately $30 million for the foundation of the new Department of Global
Health at the University of Washington in Seattle, US. The donation promoted
three of the foundation's target areas: education, Pacific Northwest and global
health.[citation needed]
 HIV Research: The foundation donated a total of $287 million to
various HIV/AIDS researchers. The money was split between 16 different
research teams across the world, on the condition that the findings are shared
amongst the teams.[104]
 Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation: The foundation gave the Aeras Global TB
Vaccine Foundation more than $280 million to develop and license an improved
vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) for use in high-burden countries (HBCs).[105][106]
 Cheaper high-tech tuberculosis (TB) test: In August 2012, the foundation, in
partnership with PEPFAR (United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS
Relief), USAID (United States Agency for International Development)
and UNITAID (an international drug purchasing facility hosted by WHO),
announced they had finalized an agreement to reduce the cost of a commercial
TB test (Cepheid's Xpert MTB/RIF run on the GeneXpert platform), from $16.86
to $9.98.[107] This test can take the place of smear microscopy, a technique first
developed in the 1880s by Robert Koch. Smear microscopy often does not show
TB infection in persons who are also co-infected with HIV, whereas the
GeneXpert system can show TB in the co-infected patient. In addition, the
system can show whether the particular TB strain is resistant to
the bactericidal antibiotic rifampicin, a widely accepted indicator of the presence
of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.[108][109]
 Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) research: The foundation awarded the Hebrew
University of Jerusalem's Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical
Diseases a $5 million grant in 2009 for research into visceral leishmaniasis (VL),
an emerging parasitic disease in Ethiopia, Africa, where it is frequently
associated with HIV/AIDS, and is a leading cause of adult illness and death. The
project, a collaborative effort with Addis Ababa University, will gather data for
analysis—to identify the weak links in the transmission cycle—and devise
methods for control of the disease.[110] In 2005 the foundation provided a $30
million grant to The Institute for OneWorld Health to support the nonprofit
pharmaceutical company's VL work in the rural communities of India, Bangladesh
and Nepal.[111] By September 2006, the company had received approval from the
Indian body Drug-Controller General of India (DCGI) for the Paromomycin
Intramuscular (IM) Injection, a drug that provides an effective cure for VL
following a 21-day course.[112] In 2010 Raj Shankar Ghosh, the Regional Director
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for the South Asia Institute for OneWorld Health, explained that the foundation
funded "the majority of our work" in the development of the drug.[113]
 Next-Generation Condom: The foundation gave $100,000 to 11 applicants in
November 2013 to develop an improved condom; that is, one that "significantly
preserves or enhances pleasure, in order to improve uptake and regular use",
according to the Gates Foundation's Grand Challenges in Global Page | 66
Health website.[114] Further grants of up to $1 million will be given to projects that
are successful.[115]
 Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs): Alongside WHO, the governments of the
United States, United Kingdom and United Arab Emirates, and the World Bank,
the foundation endorsed the London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases,
"to eradicate, eliminate and intensify control of 17 selected diseases by 2015 and
2020", at a meeting on January 30, 2012, held at the Royal College of
Physicians in London, UK.[116] Gates was the principal organizer
responsible for bringing together the heads of 13 of the world's
largest pharmaceutical companies and the foundation's monetary
commitment to the Declaration was $363 million over five years.[117] On April 3,
2014, the two-year anniversary of the Declaration, Gates attended a meeting
in Paris, France, at which participants reviewed the progress that had been made
against 10 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The foundation committed a
further $50 million, together with $50 million from the Children's Investment Fund
Foundation and $120 million from the World Bank.[118]
 Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI): A global group tasked
with more quickly developing vaccines against infectious disease threats
worldwide was launched on 8 January 2017 by a coalition of governments and
nonprofit groups including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Coalition for
Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, funded with an initial investment of $460
million from Germany, Japan, Norway, the Wellcome Trust and the Gates
foundation, aims to develop vaccines against known infectious disease threats
that could be deployed quickly to contain outbreaks before they become global
health emergencies, the group said in a statement at the World Economic
Forum in Davos, Switzerland.[119][120]
United States division

Under President Allan Golston, the United States Program has made grants such as
the following:
Donation to Planned Parenthood
Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned
Parenthood and affiliated organizations. In 2014, Melinda Gates has stated that the
foundation "has decided not to fund abortion", focusing instead on family planning
and contraception in order to avoid conflation of abortion and family planning. [121] In
response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post
that "[she], like everyone else, struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and
personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving
consensus regarding basic family planning".[121] Since this time, their endeavors
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have shifted to a more global perspective, focusing on voluntary family planning and
maternal and newborn health.[122][123]
Libraries
In 1997, the charity introduced a U.S. Libraries initiative with a goal of "ensuring that
if you can get to a public library, you can reach the internet". Only 35% of the world's Page | 67
population has access to the Internet.[124] The foundation has given grants, installed
computers and software, and provided training and technical support in partnership
with public libraries nationwide in an effort to increase access and
knowledge.[124] Helping provide access and training for these resources, this
foundation helps move public libraries into the digital age.[124]
Most recently, the foundation gave a $12.2 million grant to the Southeastern Library
Network (SOLINET) to assist libraries in Louisiana and Mississippi on the Gulf Coast,
many of which were damaged or destroyed by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
Education
A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the
country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for
teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs
and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by teachers'
unions.[125] It spent $373 million on education in 2009.[125] It has also donated to the
two largest national teachers' unions.[125] The foundation was the biggest early
backer of the Common Core State Standards Initiative.[125] In October 2017 it was
announced that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation would spend more than $1.7
billion over five years to pay for new initiatives in public education. [126]
One of the foundation's goals is to lower poverty by increasing the number of college
graduates in the United States, and the organization has funded "Reimagining Aid
Design and Delivery" grants to think tanks and advocacy organizations to produce
white papers on ideas for changing the current system of federal financial aid for
college students, with a goal of increasing graduation rates.[127][128] One of the ways
the foundation has sought to increase the number of college graduates is to get them
through college faster, but that idea has received some pushback from organizations
of universities and colleges.[129]
As part of its education-related initiatives, the foundation has funded journalists, think
tanks, lobbying organizations and governments. Millions of dollars of grants to news
organizations have funded reporting on education and higher education, including
more than $1.4 million to the Education Writers Association to fund training for
journalists who cover education.[130] While some critics have feared the foundation
for directing the conversation on education or pushing its point of view through news
coverage, the foundation has said it lists all its grants publicly and does not enforce
any rules for content among its grantees, who have editorial
independence.[125][130][131] Union activists in Chicago have accused Gates Foundation
grantee Teach Plus, which was founded by new teachers and advocates against
seniority-based layoffs, of "astroturfing".[125]
The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been
criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they
have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may
HUB Forensics
marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy

preferences.[127] Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter
schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some
studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have
caused harm.[132][133]
Examples of some of the K-12 reforms advocated by the foundation include closing Page | 68
ineffective neighborhood schools in favor of privately run charter schools; extensively
using standardized test scores to evaluate the progress of students, teachers, and
schools; and merit pay for teachers based on student test scores. Critics also believe
that the Gates Foundation exerts too much influence over public education policy
without being accountable to voters or taxpayers. [132][134][135]
Some of the foundation's educational initiatives have included:
 Gates Cambridge Scholarships: In 2000, the Gates Foundation donated $210

million to help outstanding graduate students from the U.S. and around the world
to study at the prestigious University of Cambridge. The Gates Cambridge
Scholarship has often been compared to the Rhodes Scholarship given its
international scope and substantial endowment, The scholar remains extremely
competitive with just 0.3% of applicants being selected. Each year, approximately
100 new graduate students from around the world receive funding to
attend Cambridge University. Several buildings at the University of
Cambridge also bear the name of William and Melinda Gates after sizable
contributions to their construction.[136]
Cambridge University
 Cornell University: Faculty of Computing and Information Science received $25

million from the foundation for a new Information Science building, which will be
named the "Bill and Melinda Gates Hall". The total cost of the building is
expected to be $60 million. Construction began in March 2012, and officially
opened in January 2014.[137]
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Part of the Ray and Maria Stata Center is
known as the "Gates Tower" in recognition of partial funding of the building.
 Carnegie Mellon University: The foundation gave $20 million to the Carnegie
Mellon School of Computer Science for a new Computer Science building called
the "Gates Center for Computer Science".[138] It officially opened on September
22, 2009.[139]
 Smaller schools: The Gates Foundation claims one in five students is unable to
read and grasp the contents of what they read, and African American and Latino
students are graduating high school with the skills of a middle school
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student.[140] Gates Foundation has invested more than $250 million in grants to
create new small schools, reduce student-to-teacher ratios, and to divide up
large high schools through the schools-within-a-school model.[140]
 D.C. Achievers Scholarships: The Gates Foundation announced March 22, 2007
a $122 million initiative to send hundreds of the District of Columbia's poorest
students to college.[141] Page | 69
 Gates Millennium Scholars: Administered by the United Negro College Fund, the
foundation donated $1.5 billion for scholarships to high achieving minority
students.[142]
 NewSchools Venture Fund: The foundation contributed $30 million to help
NewSchools to manage more charter schools, which aim to prepare students in
historically underserved areas for college and careers.
 Strong American Schools: On April 25, 2007, the Gates Foundation joined forces
with the Eli and Edythe Broad Foundation pledging a joint $60 million to
create Strong American Schools, a nonprofit project responsible for running ED
in 08, an initiative and information campaign aimed at encouraging 2008
presidential contenders to include education in their campaign policies. [143]
 Teaching Channel: The Gates Foundation announced in September 2011 a $3.5
million initiative to launch a multi-platform service delivering professional
development videos for teachers over the Internet, public television, cable and
other digital outlets.[144] To date, over 500,000 teachers and educators have
joined the community to share ideas, lesson plans and teaching methods.[145]
 The Texas High School Project: The project was set out to increase and improve
high school graduation rates across Texas. The foundation committed $84.6
million to the project beginning in 2003. The project focuses its efforts on high-
need schools and districts statewide, with an emphasis on urban areas and the
Texas-Mexico border.[146]
 University Scholars Program: Donated $20 million in 1998 to endow
a scholarship program at Melinda Gates' alma mater, Duke University.[147] The
program provides full scholarships to about 10 members of each undergraduate
class and one member in each class in each of the professional schools (schools
of medicine, business, law, divinity, environment, nursing, and public policy), as
well as to students in the Graduate School pursuing doctoral degrees in any
discipline. Graduate and professional school scholars serve as mentors to the
undergraduate scholars, who are chosen on the basis of financial need and
potential for interdisciplinary academic interests. Scholars are chosen each
spring from new applicants to Duke University's undergraduate, graduate, and
professional school programs. The program features seminars to bring these
scholars together for interdisciplinary discussions and an annual spring
symposium organized by the scholars.
 Washington State Achievers Scholarship: The Washington State Achievers
program encourages schools to create cultures of high academic achievement
while providing scholarship support to select college-bound students.
 William H. Gates Public Service Law Program: This program awards five full
scholarships annually to the University of Washington School of Law. Scholars
commit to working in relatively low-paying public service legal positions for at
least the first five years following graduation.[148]
HUB Forensics
 University of Texas at Austin: $30 million challenge grant to build the Bill &
Melinda Gates Computer Science Complex.[149]
 STAND UP: a national campaign that seeks to positively impact the current crisis
within the United States public education system by calling upon community
leaders, parents, students and citizens to encourage change and STAND UP for
better schools and the future of America's children. STAND UP was co-founded Page | 70
by the Eli Broad Foundation, and was launched in April 2006 on The Oprah
Winfrey Show in a two-part feature.
 Every Student Succeeds Act: donated about $44 million to help with the 2015
federal education law.[150]
Pacific Northwest
 Discovery Institute: Donated $1 million in 2000 to the Discovery Institute and

pledged $9.35 million over 10 years in 2003, including $50,000 of Bruce
Chapman's $141,000 annual salary. According to a Gates Foundation grant
maker, this grant is "exclusive to the Cascadia project" on regional transportation,
and it may not be used for the Institute's other activities, including promotion
of intelligent design.[151]
 Rainier Scholars: Donated $1 million.
 Computer History Museum: Donated $15 million to the museum in October
2005.[152]
Criticisms and reforms

Modi Goalkeepers Award
On 24 September 2019, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) gave its
Goalkeepers Global Goals award to Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. The
decision to award Modi was widely criticized by academics, Nobel Prize laureates,
and human rights activitists from all over the world.[153][154][155] A petition signed by
over 100,000 people also demanded that the Gates Foundation rescind the
award.[156] Critics insisted that Modi, a Hindu nationalist prime minister with a long
record of human rights abuse, should not be celebrated by an organization whose
mission states that 'every life has equal value and all people deserve healthy
lives.'.[157] By giving Modi this prestigious award, they noted, the Gates Foundation
contributes in legitimizing the authoritarian rule of Modi, including his mistreatment of
India's minorities.[158]
Poverty and education policy
Critics say the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has overlooked the links between
poverty and poor academic achievement, and has unfairly demonized teachers for
poor achievement by underprivileged students. They contend that the Gates
Foundation should be embracing anti-poverty and living wage policies rather than
pursuing untested and empirically unsupported education reforms.[159]
Critics say that Gates-backed reforms such as increasing the use of technology in
education may financially benefit Microsoft and the Gates family.[127][160][161][162][163]
Calls for divestment
HUB Forensics
The foundation trust invests undistributed assets, with the exclusive goal of
maximizing the return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies
that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries
where the foundation is attempting to relieve poverty.[77][164] These include
companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into
the developing world.[165] In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in Page | 71
2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility.[166] It subsequently
cancelled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while
using voting rights to influence company practices.[167][168]
Critics have called on the Gates Foundation to divest from the GEO Group, the
second largest private prison corporation in the United States. A large part of the
prison's work involves incarcerating and detaining migrants that have been detained
by the Obama administration and now the Trump administration.[169][170][171] In spring
2014 the Gates Foundation acknowledged its $2.2 million investment in the prison
corporation.[172] It has more recently rebuffed critics' request that it sever investment
ties with the prison corporation. It has refused to comment on whether it is continuing
its investments.[169][173]
Lifespan
In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and
the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and
grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made".[174][175] Also
announced was the decision to "... spend all of [the Trust's] resources within
20[176] years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths".[177][178][179][180] This would close the Bill
& Melinda Gates Foundation Trust and effectively end the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation. In the same announcement it was reiterated that Warren Buffett "... has
stipulated that the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at
death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years after his estate has
been settled".[177]
The plan to close the Foundation Trust is in contrast to most large charitable
foundations that have no set closure date. This is intended to lower administrative
costs over the years of the Foundation Trust's life and ensure that the Foundation
Trust not fall into a situation where the vast majority of its expenditures are on
administrative costs, including salaries, with only token amounts contributed to
charitable causes.[178]
Awards
 In 2006, the foundation won the Prince of Asturias Award for International
Cooperation.[181]
 In 2007, then-President of India Pratibha Devisingh Patil presented the Indira
Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development to the Bill & Melinda
Gates Foundation.[182]
 In recognition for the foundation's philanthropic activities in India, Bill and Melinda
Gates jointly received India's third highest civilian honor Padma Bhushan in
2015.[183]
HUB Forensics
 On November 22, 2016, President Barack Obama honored Bill and Melinda
Gates with The Presidential Medal of Freedom for their philanthropic efforts.[184]
See also
 Corporate social responsibility Page | 72

 Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition
 List of wealthiest charitable foundations
 Philanthropy
 Social enterprise
 Social entrepreneurship
 Social responsibility
Notes and references
1. ^ Jump up to:a b "Foundation Timeline and History – Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundationlegacy may focus more on philanthropy than on Microsoft -
Computerworld". Archived from the original on December 29, 2008.
Retrieved January 1, 2009.
2. ^ FoundationCenter.org [1], accessed 2016-02-10
3. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Consolidated Financial Statements December 31, 2017
and 2016". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. September 3, 2018.
4. ^ "The Wealthiest Charitable Foundations In the World". WorldAtlas.
Retrieved February 14, 2019.
5. ^ National Center for Charitable Statistics
6. ^ maravipost. "APM Meets Melinda Gates, Philanthropist and wife to the
richest man in the world - The Maravi Post". www.maravipost.com. Archived
from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
7. ^ "The birth of philanthrocapitalism". The Economist. February 23, 2006.
8. ^ "Guiding Principles". Archived from the original on March 6, 2010.
Retrieved July 7, 2009.
9. ^ "Bloomberg - Are you a robot?". www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the
original on September 20, 2013.
10. ^ Cuadros, Alex; Crayton Harrison (May 17, 2013). "Bill Gates Retakes
World's Richest Title From Carlos Slim". Blooomberg. Blooomberg L.P.
Retrieved May 16, 2013.
11. ^ "William H Gates Sr". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved April
17, 2018.
12. ^ "Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates".
Microsoft PressPass. June 15, 2006. Archived from the original on June 19,
2006.
13. ^ "TIME names Bono, Bill and Melinda Gates Persons of Year -
CNN.com". www.cnn.com. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
HUB Forensics
14. ^ Guo, Jeff; McQueen, Rob, "Gates asks students to tackle world's problems :
Disease and education among biggest challenges", The Tech, Volume 130,
Issue 21, Friday, April 23, 2010
15. ^ Guo, Jeff, "In interview, Gates describes philanthropic journey", The Tech,
Volume 130, Issue 21, April 23, 2010. (video & transcript). "After he spoke at
Kresge Auditorium, Bill Gates sat down with The Tech to talk more about his Page | 73
college tour, his philanthropy, and the philosophy behind it."
16. ^ "Public Health Global Watch". Retrieved March 12, 2015.
17. ^ Improving our Work with You: A Progress Report - Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation. Gatesfoundation.org (2012-09-06). Retrieved on 2013-07-18.
18. ^ Gates Foundation's Spotlight page on SoundCloud - Hear the world's
sounds. Soundcloud.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-18.
19. ^ Jump up to:a b "Hillary Clinton launches global data project on women and
girls". Washington Post.
20. ^ Jump up to:a b Foundation Center. "Wyss, Clinton Foundations Partner on
Full Participation by Women and Girls". Philanthropy News Digest (PND).
21. ^ Loomis, Carol J. (March 5, 2008). "Warren Buffett gives away his
fortune". Fortune. Time Warner via CNNMoney.com. Archivedfrom the
original on November 28, 2007. Retrieved December 10,2007.
22. ^ "Buffett Makes $30.7 Bln Donation to Gates Foundation (Update8)".
23. ^ http://www.bayoubuzz.com/articles.aspx?aid=7451[dead link]
24. ^ Noon, Chris (June 26, 2006). "Buffett Will Double Gates Foundation's
Spending". Forbes.
25. ^ Loomis, Carol J. (June 25, 2006). "How Buffett's giveaway will work". CNN.
Retrieved April 26, 2010.
26. ^ Buffett, Warren E. (June 26, 2006). "Letter from Warren E.
Buffett" (PDF). Berkshirehathaway. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
27. ^ Warren Buffett Makes Huge Charity Stock Donation To Gates Foundation,
Other Charities. Huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-18.
28. ^ "Private Family Foundations". SaveWealth. SaveWealth. 2014.
29. ^ "Susan Desmond-Hellmann". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation. 2014. Archived from the original on June 2, 2014.
Retrieved 2 June 2014.
30. ^ "What We Do". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation. 2014. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
31. ^ Jump up to:a b "How We Work - Grantmaking". Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
32. ^ "Knowledge is Power: Sharing Information Can Accelerate Global Health
Impact". Impatient Optimists. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. November
20, 2014. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
33. ^ "Gates Foundation announces world's strongest policy on open access
research". News blog Nature.com. November 21, 2014. Retrieved January
23, 2015.
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34. ^ "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Open Access Policy". Website of Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved April
7, 2015.
35. ^ "Gates Open Research". gatesopenresearch.org. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
36. ^ "Wellcome Open Research provides all Wellcome researchers with a place
to rapidly publish any results they think are worth Page | 74
sharing". wellcomeopenresearch.org. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
37. ^ "Gates Foundation joins shift towards open access platforms". Times
Higher Education (THE). March 23, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
38. ^ Butler, Declan. "Gates Foundation announces open-access publishing
venture". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.21700.
39. ^ "OPP1152680". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
40. ^ Roser, Max. "Memorizing these three statistics will help you understand the
world". gatesnotes.com. Retrieved March 21,2019.
41. ^ "International Aid Transparency Initiative". Gates Foundation.
42. ^ Jump up to:a b "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation". IATI Registry. August 16,
43. ^ "About - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation". IATI Registry.
44. ^ "DAC 5 Digit Sector". IATI Standard.
45. ^ "Who We Are - Financials". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation. 2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
46. ^ "BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION Consolidated Financial
Statements" (PDF). BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION Consolidated
Financial Statements. KPMG. December 31, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
47. ^ "BILL & MELINDA GATES FOUNDATION TRUST FORM 13F
INFORMATION TABLE". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
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Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. 2014. Archived
from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
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News Digest. Foundation Center. March 21, 2006. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
50. ^ Center, Foundation. "Gates Foundation Awards $5 Million to Fight Sex
Trafficking". Philanthropy News Digest (PND). Retrieved January 4, 2018.
51. ^ Thrupkaew, Noy (October 8, 2009). "Beyond Rescue". The
Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
52. ^ "Project Lantern: Game-Changing Results in the Fight Against
Trafficking". IJM. IJM. 2010. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014.
53. ^ alex.corr (October 20, 2014). "About". Gates Cambridge. Retrieved January
4, 2018.
54. ^ Cave, Andrew. "Banking For The Poor: Will This Be Bill Gates' Greatest
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HUB Forensics
55. ^ "Financial Access Initiative | NYU Wagner". wagner.nyu.edu.

56. ^ "Gates Foundation Awards Pro Mujer $3.1 Million To Develop Innovative
Microcredit Products". Retrieved January 4, 2018.
57. ^ "Gates Foundation Awards $1.5 Million to Grameen Foundation" (Press
release). Grameen Foundation. August 29, 2006. Archived from the Page | 75
original on October 5, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2007.
58. ^ "Growing Better Rice for a Hungry World". Good. GOOD Worldwide Inc.
May 23, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
59. ^ "Agricultural Development Golden Rice". Archived from the original on
February 3, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
60. ^ Jump up to:a b c d BMGF (2015). Building demand for sanitation - a 2015
portfolio update and overview - Water, sanitation, and hygiene strategy, June
2015. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
61. ^ Jump up to:a b c BMGF (2011). Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Strategy
Overview, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
62. ^ "Data and estimates". JMP - WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme
(JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation. WHO/UNICEF. Archived from the
original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
63. ^ JMP (2014). Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2014 Update.
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation
(JMP), ISBN 978 92 4 150724 0, page 6
64. ^ JMP (2014). Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2014
Update Archived April 21, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. WHO/UNICEF
Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation
(JMP), ISBN 978 92 4 150724 0, page 19.
65. ^ BMGF (2014). Reinvent the Toilet Challenge, Delhi, India - Program and
Technical Guides. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
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67. ^ Jump up to:a b BMGF (2012). Reinvent the Toilet Challenge (RTTC, Round
1 and 2), Grand Challenges Explorations (Round 6 and 7) - Request for
proposals, grant conditions, Seattle exhibition fair program and exhibitor
guide. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
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Toilet". New York Times Opinion Pages. New York Times. Retrieved March
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69. ^ Doughton, Sandy (December 21, 2014). "After 10 years, few payoffs from
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70. ^ Jump up to:a b Radke, N., Spuhler, D. (2013) Brief overview of conditions for
water, sanitation and hygiene grants by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
71. ^ Elisabeth von Muench, Dorothee Spuhler, Trevor Surridge, Nelson Ekane,
Kim Andersson, Emine Goekce Fidan, Arno Rosemarin (2013) Sustainable
Sanitation Alliance members take a closer look at the Bill & Melinda Gates
HUB Forensics
Foundation's sanitation grants, Sustainable Sanitation Practice Journal, Issue

17, p. 4-10
72. ^ Jump up to:a b Shaw, R. (2014). A Collection of Contemporary Toilet
Designs. EOOS and WEDC, Loughborough University, UK. p. 40. ISBN 978 1
84380 155 9.
73. ^ Humphreys, Gary (2014). "Reinventing the toilet for 2.5 billion in need". Bull Page | 76
World Health Organ 2014;92:470–
471. doi:10.2471/BLT.14.020714. PMC 4121873.
74. ^ Frederick, R., Gurski, T. (2012). Synapse Dewatering Investigation Report -
Omni-Ingestor Phase 2, Milestone 1. Consultancy report by Synapse (USA)
commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
75. ^ Kuchenrither, R. D., Stone, L., Haug, R. T. (2012). Omni-Processor
Landscaping Project. Consultancy report by WERF (Water Environment
Research Foundation), commissioned by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation,
Seattle, USA
76. ^ "Projects, filtered by funding source Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation". Sustainable Sanitation Alliance Website. March 24, 2015.
77. ^ Jump up to:a b Residents blame Durban oil refineries for health
problemsThe Guardian 26.5.2015
78. ^ "How we work, grant database (grant for UKZN)". Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
79. ^ "From poop to portable, This Ingenious Machine Turns Feces Into Drinking
Water". gatesnotes, The Blog of Bill Gates. January 5, 2015.
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month". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved March 14,2014.
81. ^ "How we work, grant database (grant for Uni Colorado Boulder)". Bill and
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82. ^ "Our Technology". A Better Toilet For A Cleaner World. RTI International.
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17, 2014.
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84. ^ "Mercy Corps". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved October
11, 2017.
85. ^ "Save the Children Federation". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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86. ^ "CARE". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
87. ^ "World Vision". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
88. ^ "International Rescue Committee". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
89. ^ "Pakistan Earthquake Homeless Number May Surpass Tsunami". Mercy
Corps. Mercy Corps. October 13, 2005. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
HUB Forensics
90. ^ Dreaper, Jane (September 10, 2014). "New money added to emergency
response to Ebola outbreak". BBC News - Health. BBC, UK. Retrieved March
24, 2015.
91. ^ "Leadership - Trevor Mundel". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill &
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2007). "Unintended victims of Gates Foundation generosity". Los Angeles
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Gates Foundation". The Guardian.
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farmers". Humanosphere.
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Immunization in Developing Countries" (Press release). GAVI Alliance.
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African children". Archived from the original on November 2, 2007.
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release). Program for Appropriate Technology in Health. December 9, 2003.
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2004). "Gates Foundation Commits $82.9 Million to Develop New
Tuberculosis Vaccines". Archived from the original on October 10, 2009.
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gives US$280 million to fight TB".
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Diagnostics. FIND. October 2013. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014.
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108. ^ "Public-Private Partnership Announces Immediate 40 Percent Cost

Reduction for Rapid TB Test" (PDF). World Health Organization. United
Nations. August 6, 2012. Retrieved April 6,2014.
109. ^ "Published evidence and commentary on the Xpert MTB/RIF
assay" (PDF). Stop TB Partnership. World Health Organization. March 12,
2014. Retrieved April 6, 2014. Page | 78
110. ^ "$5 m for disease control in Ethiopia". Israel21C. December 30, 2009.
111. ^ "Institute for OneWorld Health receives multimillion dollar
grant". EurekAlert!. AAAS and EurekAlert!. December 1, 2005. Retrieved April
6, 2014.
112. ^ "New Cure for Deadly Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar) Approved
by Government of India, Institute for OneWorld Health and Gland Pharma
Limited Achieve Critical Paromomycin Milestone". Business Wire India.
Business Wire India. September 14, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
113. ^ Funk, Kyle (September–October 2010). "Q & A: Institute for
OneWorld Health" (PDF). Access Granted Rita. Landes Bioscience. Archived
from the original (PDF) on April 7, 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2014.
114. ^ "TOPIC: Develop the Next Generation of Condom". Grand
Challenges in Global Health. Grand Challenges in Global Health. March 2013.
115. ^ Lieber, Nick (December 5, 2013). "Innovation: Next-Gen
Condoms". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
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tropical diseases". World Health Organization. WHO. February 3, 2012.
117. ^ Boseley, Sarah (January 30, 2012). "Drug companies join forces to
combat deadliest tropical diseases". The Guardian. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
118. ^ Boseley, Sarah (April 4, 2014). "Bill Gates: world must step up fight
against neglected tropical diseases". The Guardian. Retrieved April 6, 2014.
119. ^ "Gates Foundation Joins New $460 Million Coalition for
Vaccines". Bloomberg.com. January 18, 2017. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
120. ^ "Global fund to outsmart epidemics | Wellcome". wellcome.ac.uk.
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Recent Travels". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved June 15,2014.
122. ^ "Family Planning". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Retrieved July
20, 2018.
123. ^ "Maternal, Newborn & Child Health Discovery & Tools". Bill &
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124. ^ Jump up to:a b c Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. (2014). "What We
Do: Global Libraries Strategy Overview." The Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-
Do/Global-Development/Global-Libraries
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Gates". The New York Times. May 22, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
HUB Forensics
126. ^ Strauss, Valerie (October 19, 2017). "Analysis | Bill Gates has
a(nother) billion-dollar plan for K-12 public education. The others didn't go so
well". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
127. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Marc Parry, Kelly Field, & Beckie Supiano, "The
Gates Effect", The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 13, 2014". The
Chronicle of Higher Education. Page | 79
128. ^ Libby A. Nelson (March 24, 2013). "Reimagining Financial
Aid". Inside Higher Education. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
129. ^ "Katherine Mangan, "How Gates Shapes State Higher-Education
Policy," The Chronicle of Higher Education, July 14, 2013". The Chronicle of
Higher Education.
130. ^ Jump up to:a b "Jennifer Ruark, "To Shape the National Conversation,
Gates and Lumina Support Journalism," The Chronicle of Higher Education,
July 14, 2013". The Chronicle of Higher Education.
131. ^ "Storytelling Matters: A Look at the Gates Foundation's Media
Grantmaking". Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. February 21, 2012.
Retrieved December 21, 2014.
132. ^ Jump up to:a b "Joanne Barkan, Got Dough? How Billionaires Rule
Our Schools, Dissent Magazine, Winter 2011".
133. ^ "Valerie Strauss, An educator challenges the Gates Foundation, The
Washington Post, Oct. 8, 2014". Washington Post.
134. ^ Diane Ravitch. The Death and Life of the Great American School
System: Basic Books, 2010.
135. ^ Philip E. Kovacs. The Gates Foundation and the Future of U.S.
"Public" Schools. Routledge, 2011.
136. ^ "gates.scholarships.cam.ac.uk". Archived from the originalon May 9,
2015.
137. ^ "Cornell's new Gates Hall is not what it seems - Cornell Chronicle".
138. ^ "University Unveils Plans for New Gates Center for Computer
Science".
139. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 23, 2010.
140. ^ Jump up to:a b Tom Vander Ark, The Case for Smaller Schools; Vol
59, No. 5 January 2002, pg 55-59
141. ^ Bill Gates Gives $122M for D.C. Scholarships.. March 23, 2007.
142. ^ "The Gates Millennium Scholars Program".
143. ^ "Billionaires Start $60 Million Schools Effort". April 25, 2007. Archived
from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved February 6,2017.
144. ^ "Gates Foundation Announces Grant To Teaching Channel".
Archived from the original on November 29, 2012.
145. ^ "Teaching Channel Community". Teaching Channel. Archived
from the original on December 24, 2011. Retrieved December 21,2011.
146. ^ "Educate Texas".
147. ^ "University Scholars Program". Retrieved March 12, 2015.
148. ^ "Gates Public Service Law - UW School of Law - Public Service".
HUB Forensics
149. ^ New Computer Science Complex at The University of Texas at

Austin Receives $30 Million Challenge Grant from Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation | Computer Science Department The University of Texas at
Austin. Cs.utexas.edu (2009-04-17). Retrieved on 2013-09-04.
150. ^ "Bill Gates Gives $44M to Influence State Education Reform". The
New York Times. May 16, 2018. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 16, 2018. Page | 80
151. ^ "Institute Hails $9.3 Million Grant from Gates Foundation".
152. ^ "Gates cheers on computer museum". BBC News. October 17, 2005.
153. ^ "Dismay at Gates Foundation prize for Narendra Modi | Letters".
September 23, 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
154. ^ Steinem, Gloria; Bilgrami, Akeel (September 24, 2019). "The Gates
Foundation shouldn't legitimise Narendra Modi | Gloria Steinem and Akeel
Bilgrami" – via www.theguardian.com.
155. ^ Alluri, Aparna (September 23, 2019). "'Toilet trouble' for Narendra
Modi and Bill Gates" – via www.bbc.com.
156. ^ "Don't reward fascism. The Butcher of Gujarat, Modi, doesn't deserve
an award from the Bill Gates Foundation". Stop Genocide.
157. ^ Hamid, Sabah (September 26, 2019). "Opinion | Why I Resigned
From the Gates Foundation" – via NYTimes.com.
158. ^ "WHRO - Gates Foundation's Humanitarian Award To India's Modi Is
Sparking Outrage". whro.org.
159. ^ "Valerie Strauss, How Bill Gates and fellow billionaires can actually
help public education, The Washington Post, April 21, 2014". Washington
Post.
160. ^ Lyndsey Layton, How Bill Gates pulled off the swift Common Core
revolution, Washington Post, June 7, 2014
161. ^ "Mark Walsh, The Washington Post's 'Tense' Talk With Bill Gates on
Common Core, June 8, 2014". Washington Post.
162. ^ "Nathaniel Mott and David Sirota, REVEALED: Gates Foundation
financed PBS education programming which promoted Microsoft's interests,
June 5, 2014". PandoDaily.
163. ^ "Betsey Piette, For-profit tech corporations gain from Common Core
testing, June 17, 2014". Workers World.
164. ^ Report: Gates Foundation Causing Harm With the Same Money It
Uses To Do Good, Democracy Now!, January 09, 2007
165. ^ Dark cloud over good works of Gates Foundation, Los Angeles
Times, January 7, 2007
166. ^ Gates Foundation to review investments Archived May 16, 2007, at
the Wayback Machine, The Seattle Times, January 10, 2007
167. ^ [Gates Foundation to maintain its investment plan], The Austin
Statesman, January 14, 2007
168. ^ "How the Gates Foundation's Investments Are Undermining Its Own
Good Works".
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Foundation's $2.2 Million Investment in GEO Group," "Prison Legal News,"
HUB Forensics
July 2016 https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2016/jul/6/demonstrators-

protest-gates-foundations-22-million-investment-geo-group/
170. ^ 2012 tax return uploaded to this web
page: http://www.iamawake.co/revealed-bill-gates-invests-billions-in-fast-
food-private-prison-and-oil-companies/
171. ^ Madison Pauly, "A Brief History of America's Private Prison Industry," Page | 81
"Mother Jones," July/August
2016 https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/history-of-americas-
private-prison-industry-timeline/
172. ^ Lael Henterly, "Gates Foundation resists pressure to pull private
prison investment," "The Seattle Globalist," May 8,
2014 http://www.seattleglobalist.com/2014/05/08/gates-foundation-private-
prison-investments-geo-nwdc/24430
173. ^ Alex Park, "Is the Gates Foundation Still Investing in Private
Prisons?," "Mother Jones, December 8,
2014 https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/12/gates-foundation-still-
investing-private-prisons/
174. ^ "Gates Foundation Announces That It Doesn't Plan to Operate
Forever". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
175. ^ "About the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust". Archived from the
original on August 15, 2008.
176. ^ "Interview with Bill Gates September 21, 2013 (Video
33:52)". YouTube.
177. ^ Jump up to:a b "Announcements - Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation".
Archived from the original on August 15, 2008.
178. ^ Jump up to:a b "The Chronicle, 11/29/2006: Gates Foundation
Announces That It Doesn't Plan to Operate Forever". The Chronicle of
Philanthropy.
179. ^ "Gates foundation to spend all assets within 50 years of trustees'
deaths".
180. ^ Beatty, Sally (December 1, 2006). "Gates Foundation Sets Its
Lifespan". WSJ.
181. ^ Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Archived December 4, 2008, at
the Wayback Machine
182. ^ "Gates Foundation to get Indira Gandhi peace prize".
183. ^ PTI. "Advani, Bachchan, Dilip Kumar get Padma Vibhushan". The
Hindu.
184. ^ "The Presidential Medal of Freedom". The White House.
 v
 t
 e
Bill Gates
Life and Microsoft

HUB Forensics
historyo history
 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
 bgC3
 Cascade Investment
Page | 82
 Corbis
 Big History Project
 United States v. Microsoft antitrust case
 "Open Letter to Hobbyists" (1976)

Writings The Road Ahead (1995)
 Business @ the Speed of Thought (1999)
Philanthrophy Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

 Match for Africa
 Triumph of the Nerds (1996)

Films Pirates of Silicon Valley (1999)
 The Social Network (2010)
 Melinda Gates (wife)

Family Bill Gates Sr. (father)
 Mary Maxwell Gates (mother)
 Mimi Gardner Gates (stepmother)
 Codex Leicester
Possessions Residence
 Lost on the Grand Banks
 Porsche 959
 Category
 Commons
 GND: 6516346-1
 ISNI: 0000 0000 8990 8592
Authority LCCN: no2002076950
control  NKC: kn20051109012
 VIAF: 263924852
 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 263924852
Coordinates: 47°37′25″N 122°20′44″W
Categories:
HUB Forensics
 NBBJ buildings
 Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
 Bill Gates
 Biomedical research foundations
 Rockefeller Foundation Page | 83
 Organizations established in 2000
 2000 establishments in Washington (state)
 Recipients of the Indira Gandhi Peace Prize
 International development agencies
 Non-profit organizations based in Seattle
 Research institutes in Seattle
Languages
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HUB Forensics
Evidence of the AIDS Conspiracy:

The AIDS Conspiracy – The Australian Connection
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpMp2HAqAeE (2005 documentary) Page | 84
2019 Presentation of evidence about Crimes Against Humanity by Belgium

and the Allies:
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HUB Forensics AIDS Ix Continued (Part 3 - 2019)

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Dr Romesh Senewiratne-Alagaratnam (MBBS, MD) Page | 1

Motto Actions. Speak. Louder.

Formation May 16, 2004

Type Development advocacy

 United States, United Kingdom,

Leader Gayle Smith, President and CEO

The ONE Campaign is an international, nonpartisan, non-profit, advocacy and

On International Women’s Day 2016, ONE relaunched their Poverty is Sexist

Archbishop Desmond Tutu speaking about ONE in a prerecorded video shown

An invitation to join ONE, shown at the end of the same show.

1. ^ Buston, Olly. "Bono's ONE Campaign - we do not

15. ^ "Guillaume Grosso: Notre deuxième test: François

31. ^ "Meryl Streep, Oprah Winfrey, Tina Fey Among

47. ^ "Africa with Dambisa Moyo" Archived October 7,

1. ^ Josh Tyrangiel (2005-12-19). "The Constant

 ONE official site

National Constitution Center Page | 12

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

National Constitution Center

Exterior of the National Constitution Center in

Location within Pennsylvania

Established 17 September 2000

Coordinates 39.953406°N 75.148952°W

Type History museum

Director Jeffrey Rosen

Public transit 5th Street:

The National Constitution Center is a nonprofit, nonpartisan institution devoted to

"We the People" inscription at the National Constitution Center

State flags in the lobby

Life-sized statues of the signers of the Constitution in

 Philadelphia Liberty Medal – An annual award

1. ^ "The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia".

Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 28

Mayor of Santa Monica

Preceded by Pam O'Connor

Succeeded by Richard Bloom

Member of the Santa Monica City Council

Born Robert Sargent Shriver III

April 28, 1954 (age 65)

Spouse(s) Malissa Feruzzi (m. 2005)

Relations See Kennedy family

Parents Sargent Shriver

Residence Santa Monica, California

Alma mater Yale University (BA, JD)

Occupation Activist, Attorney, Journalist,

 1Early life and education

Early life and education

Business career and philanthropy

1. ^ [1] Santa Monica City Council Electoral History

the Wayback Machine - Office of the Governor,

 bobbyshriver.com, Shriver official website

 Shriver biography on Santa Monica City Council official

Maurice Tempelsman in December 2012

Born August 26, 1929 (age 90)

Alma mater New York University

Occupation Businessman, diamond merchant

 founder of the Tempelsman Group

Spouse(s) Lilly Bucholz (1949–2000) (divorced)

Partner(s) Jacqueline Onassis (1980–1994) (her

Maurice Tempelsman (born August 26, 1929) is a Belgian-American businessman

Philanthropic and political activities[edit]

Tempelsman is a trustee of the Eurasia Foundation,[26] and a director of the National

1. ^ "Maurice Tempelsman". Bloomberg.

10. ^ Jump up to:a b c Melman, Yossi; Carmel, Asaf

23. ^ "Maurice Tempelsman Bio". Eurasia Foundation.

伙伴）杰奎琳·奥纳西斯（Jacqueline Onassis）

道顶层公寓。[4] 在他们的关系中，他处理了 Onassis 的财务，将她已故丈夫的 2600