Question Bank

Two marks Question

1. Write short notes on the following
(a) Interchangeability; (b) Tolerance; (c) Allowance; and (d) Fits.
2. What is meant by ‘hole basis system’ and ‘shaft basis system’? Which one is preferred and why?
3. What is a static load?
4. What is factor of safety? Why is it necessary to use factor of safety?
5. Define a) fatigue stress concentration factor b) theoretical stress concentration factor c) notch
sensitivity factor
6. Define equivalent torsional moment and equivalent bending moment. State when these terms are
used in the design of shafts.
7. What is the function of the transmission shaft? Why is transmission shaft stepped? What is fillet?
Why is shaft provided with fillet radius?
8. Why hollow shaft is preferred over solid shaft? What are the advantages and disadvantages of
hollow shaft over solid shaft?
9. What is meant by eccentric loading and eccentricity?
10. State maximum principal stress theories of failure and maximum shear stress theories of failure
11. Explain design for manufacture
12. Define material properties hardness, stiffness and resilience
13. What is stress concentration factor?
14. Discuss in detail about the factor influencing machine design
15. What is factor of safety? List the factors to be considered while deciding the factor of safety
16. Define stress concentration. Give some methods of reducing stress concentration
17. Explain soderberg and goodman lines in detail
18. Define the terms equivalent torque and equivalent bending moment
19. What is meant by eccentric loading?
20. What are unilateral and bilateral tolerances?
Part – B Questions
21. The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 kN together with a transverse shear force of 5
kN. Find the diameter of bolt required according to 1. Maximum principal stress theory; 2.
Maximum shear stress theory; 3. Maximum principal strain theory; 4. Maximum strain energy
theory; and 5. Maximum distortion energy theory. (13)

22. A hand cranking lever, as shown is used to start a truck engine by applying a force F=400 N. The
material of the cranking lever is 30C8 for which yield strength = 320 MPa; Ultimate tensile
strength = 500 MPa; Young’s modulus = 205 GPa ; Modulus of rigidity = 84 GPa and poisson’s
ratio = 0.3. Assuming factor of safety to be 4 based on yield strength, design the diameter‘d’ of
the lever at section X-X near the guide bush using : 1. Maximum distortion energy theory; and 2.
Maximum shear stress theory. (13)

23. A mild steel bracket as shown in Fig, is subjected to a pull of 6000 N acting at 45° to its
horizontal axis. The bracket has a rectangular section whose depth is twice the thickness. Find
the cross-sectional dimensions of the bracket, if the permissible stress in the material of the
bracket is limited to 60 MPa. (13)
24. A horizontal pull P = 5 kN is exerted by the belting on one of the cast iron wall brackets which
carry a factory shafting. At a point 75 mm from the wall, the bracket has a T-section as shown in
Fig. Calculate the maximum stresses in the flange and web of the bracket due to the pull. (13)

25. A machine component is subjected to a flexural stress which fluctuates between + 300 MN/m 2
and – 150 MN/m2. Determine the value of minimum ultimate strength according to 1. Gerber
relation; 2. Modified Goodman relation; and 3. Soderberg relation. Take yield strength = 0.55
Ultimate strength; Endurance strength = 0.5 Ultimate strength; and factor of safety = 2. (13)

26. A cantilever beam made of cold drawn carbon steel of circular cross-section as shown in Fig., is
subjected to a load which varies from – F to 3 F. Determine the maximum load that this member
can withstand for an indefinite life using a factor of safety as 2. The theoretical stress
concentration factor is 1.42 and the notch sensitivity is 0.9. Assume the following values: Ultimate
stress = 550 MPa, Yield stress= 470 MPa, Endurance limit = 275 Mpa, Size factor = 0.85,
Surface finish factor= 0.89 (13)

27. A pulley is keyed to a shaft midway between two bearings. The shaft is made of cold drawn
steel for which the ultimate strength is 550 MPa and the yield strength is 400 MPa. The bending
moment at the pulley varies from – 150 N-m to + 400 N-m as the torque on the shaft varies from
– 50 N-m to + 150 N-m. Obtain the diameter of the shaft for an indefinite life. The stress
concentration factors for the keyway at the pulley in bending and in torsion are 1.6 and 1.3
respectively.
Take the following values: Factor of safety = 1.5, Load correction factors = 1.0 in bending, and
0.6 in torsion, Size effect factor = 0.85, Surface effect factor = 0.88 (13)
28. A steel cantilever beam, as shown in Fig, is subjected to a transverse load at its end that varies
from 45 N up to 135 N down as the axial load varies from 110 N (compression) to 450 N
(tension). Determine the required diameter at the change of section for infinite life using a factor
of safety of 2. The strength properties are as follows: Ultimate strength = 550 MPa, Yield strength
= 470 MPa, Endurance limit = 275 MPa (13)

29. A bracket, as shown in Fig., is bolted to the framework of a machine which carries a load P. The
cross-section at 40 mm from the fixed end is rectangular with dimensions, 60 mm × 30 mm. If the
maximum stress is limited to 70 MPa, find the value of P. (13)

30. An overhang crank, as shown in Fig carries a tangential load of 10 kN at the centre of the
crankpin. Find the maximum principal stress and the maximum shear stress at the centre of the
crankshaft bearing.

31. A shaft, as shown in Fig. is subjected to a bending load of 3 kN, pure torque of 1000 N-m and
an axial pulling force of 15 kN. Calculate the stresses at A and B.
32. A mild steel shaft of 50 mm diameter is subjected to a bending moment of 2000 N-m and a
torque T. If the yield point of the steel in tension is 200 MPa, find the maximum value of this
torque without causing yielding of the shaft according to 1. The maximum principal stress; 2.
The maximum shear stress; and 3. The maximum distortion strain energy theory of yielding.

33. A cylindrical shaft made of steel of yield strength 700 MPa is subjected to static loads consisting
of bending moment 10 kN-m and a torsional moment 30 kN-m. Determine the diameter of the
shaft using two different theories of failure, and assuming a factor of safety of 2. Take E = 210
GPa and poisson's ratio = 0.25.

34. A pulley is keyed to a shaft midway between two bearings. The shaft is made of cold drawn steel
for which the ultimate strength is 550 MPa and the yield strength is 400 MPa. The bending
moment at the pulley varies from – 150 N-m to + 400 N-m as the torque on the shaft varies from
– 50 N-m to + 150 N-m. Obtain the diameter of the shaft for an indefinite life. The stress
concentration factors for the keyway at the pulley in bending and in torsion are 1.6 and 1.3
respectively. Take the following values: Factor of safety = 1.5, Load correction factors = 1.0 in
bending, and 0.6 in torsion, Size effect factor = 0.85, Surface effect factor = 0.88

35. A simply supported beam has a concentrated load at the centre which fluctuates from a value of
P to 4 P. The span of the beam is 500 mm and its cross-section is circular with a diameter of 60
mm. Taking for the beam material an ultimate stress of 700 MPa, a yield stress of 500 MPa,
endurance limit of 330 MPa for reversed bending, and a factor of safety of 1.3, calculate the
maximum value of P. Take a size factor of 0.85 and a surface finish factor of 0.9.

36. An overhang crank with pin and shaft is shown in Fig.. A tangential load of 15 kN acts on the
crank pin. Determine the maximum principal stress and the maximum shear stress at the centre
of the crankshaft bearing.