Exercises on UML

Paolo Ciancarini
 Summary
•  This is a set of exercises on writing and
understanding the UML notations
•  Some exercises have more than one
correct answer
 Diagrams covered
•  Use case
•  Class diagrams
•  Object diagrams
•  State diagrams
•  Activity diagrams
•  Sequence diagrams
•  Communication diagrams
•  Component diagrams
•  Package diagrams
•  Deployment diagrams
Think about it!
 On requirements
Which of these are functional requirements?
a)  Users of the library are either normal or staff
b)  A user can borrow a book
c)  A staff person can borrow a book
d)  The library contains one million books
e)  If a user asks a book that has been borrowed, her
request is inserted in a waiting list
f)  Staff has no priority in borrowing books
 On requirements
Which of these are non-functional requirements?
a)  Pressing the switch the room gets lightened
b)  Pressing the switch the room gets lightened in less than
one second
c)  If the room is dark, pressing the switch it gets lightened
d)  The light in the room must be sufficient to read
e)  If someone is reading then the light must stay on
f)  After two minutes that the room is empty the light must
switch off
 On requirements
•  Based on the following statements from a domain expert on a project, which of the
following are requirements that must be extracted?
"We get incomplete mortgage applications all the time. In those cases, we just hand
them back to the customer with a handwritten note telling them what's missing. We
have to log the application anyway, so we use the new mortgage screen to enter the
customer information and assign a unique identifier to the file. In the past, we have
entered the address in upper case. The identifier follows an industry standard format
of bank number, customer account number, and the next available number for that
customer all as one long number."
a)  A note must be sent to the customer for incomplete
mortgage applications, listing the missing items
b)  A file must be established for every mortgage
application at the time it is submitted, whether the
application is complete or not
c)  Addresses on mortgage applications must be
entered as all capital letters
d)  A unique mortgage number must be assigned to
each mortgage file. This identifier must follow
financial industry standard format
 On diagrams
Which are behavior diagrams?
a)  Use case diagrams
b)  Class diagrams
c)  State diagrams
d)  Sequence diagrams
e)  Communication diagrams
f)  Package diagrams
g)  Deployment diagrams
 On diagrams
For understanding control mechanisms, such as user
interfaces and device controllers, which one of the
following artifacts is the most useful?
a)  Interaction Diagrams
b)  Activity Diagrams
c)  Package Diagrams
d)  State Diagrams
e)  Class Diagrams
f)  Communication diagrams
g)  Deployment diagrams
 On diagrams
What is the best diagram type to represent
the sentence “all men are mortal”?
a)  Use case diagram Mortal


b)  Class diagram

c)  Object diagram Man


d)  Activity diagram

e)  Communication diagram
 On diagrams
For business modeling of a human organization or the
workflow of a system, which one of the following artifacts
is the most useful?
a)  Interaction Diagrams
b)  Activity Diagrams
c)  Package Diagrams
d)  State Diagrams
e)  Class Diagrams
f)  Collaboration diagrams
 On diagrams
What are the nodes
in this diagram?
a)  Roles
b)  Actors
c)  Use cases
d)  Artifacts
e)  Events
 On diagrams
Which sentences are true?
a)  This is a diagram
b)  This is a frame
c)  This is a classifier in UML1
d)  This is an artifact
e)  This is a metamodel element
 On diagrams
A car has a Starter, some Lights, an AirConditioning System, some
Wheels. The driver operates first the Starter, then the Lights, then the
AirConditioning System, and finally the Wheels.
Which pair of diagrams is most useful to represent this situation?
a)  Use cases and scenarios
b)  Use cases and class diagrams
c)  Class and sequence diagrams
d)  Class and statechart diagrams
e)  Class and object diagrams
 On diagrams
Which of the following statements is correct?
a)  Classes in class diagrams may be grouped into
packages in order to illustrate the overall
organization of a model
b)  In object diagrams, names of instances are in
italics or all-caps
c)  If package B depends on package A, then any
change in A will require a change in B
d)  Object diagrams and class diagrams are
completely interchangeable
 On use case diagrams
Which sentences are true for this
diagram?
a)  There are seven actors
b)  There is one main actor
c)  There are 18 use cases
d)  There are 10 use cases
e)  DropSeminar includes
Registrar
f)  PostOffice extends
DistributeTranscripts
 On use case diagrams
Which of these are true?
a)  The diagram shows a data flow from one actor to another
b)  The diagram shows an inheritance relationship between two
actors
c)  The diagram shows an <<extend>> dependency between two
actors
d)  Manager can use the same use cases as a Staff and one or
more additional ones
e)  Staff can use the same use cases as a Manager and one or
more additional ones
f)  Only Manager actors exist, as Staff is an abstract actor.
 On use case diagrams
When you have the final list of use cases, some questions to ask to
find out if you have found them all are:
a)  Is each functional requirement in at least one use case?
b)  Have I considered how each stakeholder will be using the system?
c)  Have I missed any technical terms that describes the system?
d)  What information will each stakeholder be providing for and
receiving from the system?
e)  Have I considered the maintenance issues?
f)  Have I broken the problem down into pieces that the system will
handle?
g)  What information will each external system be providing to the
system and receiving from the system?
h)  Have I identified all of the external systems with which the system
will need to interact?
 On class diagrams

Given that having multiple spouses at the same time is prohibited, but
it is allowed to have many spouses over time, which of the following
are valid models?
a)  The diagram shown represents the concepts to be modeled in the domain
and no changes are required.
b)  Use the <<history>> stereotype to show the history over time and snapshot
in time constraint in the model.
c)  Promote the “is married to” association to an association class called
Marriage and break up the Many to Many association between Husband
and Wife
d)  Create a link attribute called “wedding date” and attach it to the association,
rather than to either Class in the Association.
e)  Create a link attribute called “wedding date” and attach it to either husband
or wife class.
On class diagrams
Which sentences are coherent with this model?
a)  A company may employ 0 or 1 person
b)  A person may work for a single company
c)  A person has one employment
d)  A company has one employer that is a person
e)  A company may have zero employers
 On objects diagrams
Which one is a non valid instance of this model?

a) b)

c)

d)
On class diagrams

Examine these two diagrams; true or false?

a)  The right diagram has more information
b)  The left diagram has more information
c)  They are equivalent, but the right one is simpler
d)  They are equivalent, but the left one is simpler
On class diagrams

This association could be translated in an interface like:

a)  class Order { public OrderLine getLineItems() ; public void
addLineItem(Number amount);
b)  class Order { public OrderLine getLineItems() ; public void
addLineItem(OrderLine lineItem);
c)  class Order { public OrderLine getLineItems(Product aProduct) ;
public void addLineItem(Number amount, Product aProduct);
d)  class Order { public Object getLineItems() ; public void
addLineItem(OrderLine lineItem);
 On class diagrams
•  Which of the following are illegal
combinations of subtypes in the
diagram?
a)  Female, Patient, Nurse
b)  Male, Physiotherapist
c)  Female, Patient
d)  Female, Doctor, Surgeon
e)  Patient, Doctor
f)  Male, Doctor, Nurse
 On class diagrams
A benefit of using polymorphism is a reduction of:
a)  methods in the associated classes
b)  subclasses needed to accomplish the same
functionality
c)  case statements and conditionals
d)  coupling between classes in the system
 On class diagrams
Which sentences are true?
a)  CheckingAccount implements BankAccount
b)  CheckingAccount and SavingAccount are BankAccount
c)  CheckingAccount and SavingAccount are associated
d)  BankAccount is associated to CheckingAccount
e)  SavingAccount can processCheck
f)  CheckingAccount has a balance
 On class diagrams
Which pattern solves the problem shown in the figure?
a)  Strategy Pattern
b)  Composite Pattern
c)  Adapter Pattern
d)  Bridge Pattern
e)  Abstract Factory Pattern
 On object diagrams

This object diagram

a)  Includes an anonymous object
b)  Includes a class
c)  Includes four instances
d)  Includes three instances
 On state diagrams
In a State Diagram, which of the following is true?
a)  Actions are associated with a transition and are considered
to be processes that occur quickly and are not interruptible
b)  Actions are associated with transition and are considered to
be processes that occur quickly and are interruptible.
c)  Activities are associated with states and can take longer. An
activity may be interrupted by some event
d)  Activities are associated with transition that occur quickly
and are not interruptible
e)  Activities are associated with states and can take longer. An
activity cannot be interrupted by any event
 On state diagrams
In this diagram
a)  There are no loops
b)  There are five states
c)  Dispatching comes after
Checking
d)  Waiting is parallel to Delivered
e)  There are no events
f)  There are simultaneous events
 On state diagrams
Which of the following statements about statechart
diagrams is correct?
a)  All actions in a statechart diagram are attached to
transitions
b)  An event may cause an object to remain in the
same state it was prior to the event
c)  Once an object leaves a state, it cannot return to
that state
d)  Two different transitions out of the same state
may overlap (they can be triggered by the same
event)
 On state diagrams
•  What state(s) is the object in after the following
sequence of events?
•  a  b  c  b  g  a
 On activity diagrams
•  What is the maximum number of
concurrent threads that is possible
in the activity diagram?
a)  1
b)  2
c)  3
d)  4
e)  5
On activity diagrams
In this diagram:
a)  Fill Order is executed before Receive Payment
b)  Overnight Delivery is executed in parallel with
Regular Delivery
c)  Close Order is executed after Receive
Payment
d)  Fill Order is executed in parallel with Send
Invoice
e)  Send Invoice is possibly executed
f)  Regular Delivery is always executed
 On sequence diagrams
Which symbol represents a process activation?
a)  1 1

b)  2 2

c)  3 3

 On sequence diagrams
•  Which one of the following fragments of
sequence diagram represents the action:
"Object A sends object B several messages
named msg”
a) b) c) d)
 On sequence diagrams
Which symbol represents a synchronous message?
a)  1
b)  2
c)  3

1


2


3

 On sequence diagrams
What is this in the red oval?
a)  A message
b)  A guard
c)  An event
d)  An association
 On sequence diagrams
•  What can you say about the control flow of each
of the following systems?
–  Which is more centralized?
–  Which is more distributed?

39
 On sequence diagrams
What is wrong with this sequence diagram?

40
 On sequence diagrams
What is wrong with this sequence diagram?

41
 On sequence diagrams
What are the names of missing
classes XXX and YYY in
the sequence diagram?

a)  XXX = DeliverySchedule,

YYY = Supplier
b)  XXX = Supplier,
YYY = DeliverySchedule
c)  XXX = PreferredSupplier,
YYY = DeliverySchedule
d)  XXX = DeliverySchedule,
YYY = PreferredSupplier
 On communication diagrams
This diagram
a)  Contains swimlanes and temporal marks
b)  Contains objects and messages
c)  Contains classes and associations
d)  Contains components and events
 On package diagrams
Which are true?
a)  multimediaproject depends on xml
b)  xml depends on multimediaproject
c)  xml extends multimedia project
d)  freighttransportproject depends on xml
 On component diagrams
These two diagrams
a)  Are both component diagrams, semantically
equivalent
b)  Are a class and a component diagram, semantically
equivalent
c)  Are different diagrams with different semantics
On class and component diagrams
These two diagrams
•  Are semantically equivalent
•  The class diagram is semantically richer
•  The component diagram is semantically richer
•  Define totally different concepts
 On component diagrams
How many ports there are in this diagram?
a)  1
b)  2
c)  3
d)  4
e)  5
 On deployment diagrams
Which of the following is true about a deployment diagram?
a)  Since there is always some kind of response to a
message, the dependencies are two-way between
deployment components
b)  Dependencies between deployment components tend to
be the same as the package dependencies
c)  Deployment diagrams cannot be used to show physical
modules of code
d)  Deployment diagrams cannot show the physical
distribution of a system across computers
 On deployment diagrams
What is the symbol for a component inside a
deployment diagram?
a)  Components are not allowed in deployment
diagrams
b)  A rounded rectangle, just like a state in a state
diagram
c)  A 3-dimensional rectangular solid (like a box)
d)  A rectangle with tabs on its left side
 On design patterns
Which pair of patterns is correct when
designing a software architecture?
a)  High cohesion and high coupling
b)  High cohesion and low coupling
c)  Low cohesion and high coupling
d)  Low cohesion and low coupling
 On design patterns
Which GoF pattern is based on a recursive structure?
a)  Bridge
b)  Composite
c)  Abstract factory
d)  Strategy
e)  Singleton
 On design patterns
Which GoF pattern inspires this diagram?
a)  Bridge
b)  Composite
c)  Abstract factory
d)  Strategy
e)  Singleton
f)  Facade
 Do-it-yourself exercises
Use case diagram describe how to play chess via an interface able to connect
either different engines or a chess server via internet
Class diagram describe the pieces, chessboard and the game tree
Object diagram describe by object snapshots a chess position during a game
Activity diagram describe a game workflow including two players playing via a
(telnet) chess server
Statechart describe a game workflow from the viewpoint of the chessboard
Sequence diagram describe a multiagent system evaluating a position
Communication diagram describe a multiagent system evaluating a position
Package diagram depict the compile-time structure of a real chess program
Component diagram depict the run-time structure of a real chess program
interfaced with Winboard and a chess server
Deployment diagram Configuration of an ICC telnet server + web site + clients
The UML certification by OMG
 References
www.pearsonvue.com/omg/
www.objectsbydesign.com/projects/umltest/bparanj-answers-1.html
dn.codegear.com/article/31863
Think about it!