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Vi-
RELEASE NO: 79-22
-CONTENTS
JUPITER.............................................. 23-30
SATURN............................................... 31-36
COMPARISON (Chart)................................... 39
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VOYAGER RADIOISOTOPE
THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
BERYLLIUM -
/ OUTER CASE
GAS
MANAGEMENTRI/N
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IL. ATTACHMENT
CONVERTER
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The pyrotechnic subsystem also
to separate the spacecraft from the routed power to devices
launch vehicle, activated
the propulsion module batteries, ignited
rocket motor, sealed off the propellant the solid propellant
zine from the mission module to the line carrying hydra-
propulsion
soned the propulsion module and released module, jetti-
meter and Interferometer Spectrometer the Infrared Radio-
instrument's dust cover.
Communications
Communications with the Voyager spacecraft
radio link between Earth tracking will be by
radio system aboard the spacecraft.stations and a dual frequency
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Downlink Telemetry
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• Engineering only at 40
bps or 1,200 bps (the higher
rate usually occurs only
during
correction maneuvers) transmittedlaunch and trajectory
at S-band only.
* Real-time cruise science
and engineering at 2,560,
1,280, 640, 320, 160 and
80
may be used for post-Saturn bps (40, 20 and '0 bps
at S-band only. operations) transmitted
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Power
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Now
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Each isotope heat source has a capacity
watts with a resultant maximum electrical of 2400 thermal
I
Mlk.
watts at the beginning of the mission.
decrease in power output. The minimum
from the three RTGs ranges from about
hours after launch to 384 watts after
Saturn.
power
There is
output of 160
a gradual
total power available
423 watts within a few
the spacecraft passes
-
- Command actuated relays control the
in the spacecraft. Some relays function distribution of power
as simple on-off switches
and others transfer power from one
module to another within a
subsystem.
I
The main inverter is on from launch
on throughout the mission. and remains
In case of a malfunction or failure
in the main inverter, the power chain,
after a 1.5-second delay
is switched automatically to the standby
inverter. Once the
switchover is made, it is irreversible.
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Propulsion Subsystem
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Temperature Control
to operate
The two Voyager spacecraft are designed object.
man made
farther from Earth than any previous
temperatures
Survival depends greatly upon keeping traverses
within operating limits while the spacecraft
solar constant at the
an environmental range of one inten-
of that solar
Earth distance to four per cent at Saturn.
one per cent
sity at Jupiter and less than
range, nearly
Unprotected surfaces at the Saturn
Sun can reach 196 C
one billion miles from the nitro-
temperature of liquid
(321 F) below zero -- the
gen.
basic
Both top and bottom of the mission module's
thermal
decagon structure are enclosed with multi-layer
heat to the cold
blankets to prevent th rapid loss of
of space. The blankets are sandwiches of aluminized
protection
Mylar, sheets of Tedlar for micrometeroid
electrically
and outer black Kapton covers which are
of electro-
conductive to prevent the accumulation
static charges.
on
Also extensively blanketed are the instruments
wrap
Smaller blankets and thermal
the scan platform.
cover eight electronics bays, boom and body-mounted in-
and structural
struments, cabling, propellant lines
elements of the spacecraft
struts. Only a few exterior
-- the high gain antenna
are not clad in the black film
sensors and antenna
reflector, plasma sensors, sun
feed cones.
10 electronics
Temperature control of four of the
compartments is provided by thermostatically-controlled
operating
louver assemblies which provide an internalare rotated
range near room temperature. The louvers
amounts of heat
open by bimetallic springs when large
the power condi-
are dissipated. These bays contain the
radio power amplifiers,
tioning equipment, the are lo-
HYPACE and the tape recorder. Mini-louversinstrument and
cated on the scan platform, cosmic ray
and the Sun sensors.
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JUPITER
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SATURN
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Jupiter
Saturn
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Uranus
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VOYAGER SCIENCE
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It is difficult to
planetary" instruments separate "planetary" from "inter-
and investigations.
however, another grouping. there is,
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COsmic-Ray Investigation
Low-Ener yCharged-Particle
Investigation
Scientific objectives of
Particle Investigation include the Low-Energy Charqed
studies of the charged
particle composition, energy-distribution
distribution with respect and angular
to:
* Saturn's magnetosp1ere
(exploratory) and Jupiter's
magnetosphere (detailed
studies);
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IRIS Instruments
Comparison of Characteristics
IRIS MIRIS
Michelson Interferometer
Spectral range 2.5-50 rM 1.4-10, 15-200 YM
Radiometer
Spectral Range 0.3- .0 rM 0.3-1.2 pM
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Photopolarimetry
Investigation
A great deal
of an object can of information about the composition
reflects light. be learned from
the way that object
will observe how The Voyager spacecraft's photopolarimeter
their satellites light reflected from Jupiter,
in the atmospheresis polarized by the chemicals Saturn and
and on the surfaces. and aerosols
The Photopolarimeter
hydrogen and ammonia will measure methane,
aerosol particles above the cloud molecular
in the tops. It will
satellites; the atmospheres of study
textures and compositions the planets and
of satellites; of the
size, albedo,
and orientation spatial distribution,surfaces
of
optical arid geometricparticles in Saturn's shape
thickness rings; measure
the sky background of the rings;
to search for
interstellar particles. and observe
interplanetary
and
The instrument
Cassegrain telescope,is made up of a 1 5 -cm (60
analyzer wheel, aperture sector, in.)
filter polarization
wheel and a photomultiplier
detector. The
filter wheel carries tube
from 2 ,350-Angstrom
linear Polarizers to 7 ,500-Angstromeight filters ranging
(0 degrees, 60 wavelength; three
plus "open" or degrees and 120 degrees)
blank. The instrument's
be set at 3.5 field
degrees, 1 degree, of
1/4 degree and view can
1/16 degree.
The Photopolarimeter
uses 2.6 watts weighs 4.4 kg
average power. (9.7 lb.) and
Dr. Charles
Colorado's LaboratoryF. Lillie of the University
for Atmospheric
is principal investigator. of
and Space Physics
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Plasma Investigation
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Imaging ScienceInvestigation
The Voyager imaging
aboard Mariner spacecraft,system is based on those flown
dictated by the specific with advancements and
changes
requirements
Saturn and their satellites: of flybys of Jupiter,
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.~
Wt
Because of the nature of the planetary flybys the
cameras will not be able to concentrate on a single target
for hours at a time. As each satellite moves i~t will present
an everchanging appearance to the cameras. The planets'
clouds will also be in constant motion. Therefore, obser-
vational sequences are structured to provide repeated images
-.differing intervals for each target. Additionally, large
amounts of multicolor imaging data will be obtained for the
planets and satellites.
.
* To measure ultraviolet airglovw emissions of the
atmospheres from the bright discs of the three
l *
bodies, their bright limbs, terminators and
dark sides 7 _
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Commands are sent from the MCCC to one of the DSN stations
where they are loaded into a command processing computer, auto-
matically verified for accuracy and transmitted to the proper
spacecraft at 16 bps. Commands may be aborted, if necessary.
Manual control and entry of command data at the station is pos-
sible in the event of a failure in the high speed data line
from the control center.
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41
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MISSION CONTROL AND COMPUTING
CENTER
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-66-
VOYAGER TEAM
NASA Headquarters
Office of Space Science
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Lewis Center (cont'd.)
I Walter J. Kapryan
George F. Page
Director of Space Vehicle
Operations
Director, Expendable Vehicles
-BE-- - -- -
John D. Gossett Chief, Centaur Operations
Division
Creighton A. Terhune Chief Engineer, Operations
Division
Jack E. B~altar Centaur Operations Branch
Donald C. Sheppard Chief, Spacecraft and Support
Operations Division
James E. Weir Spacecraft Operations Branch
Floyd A. Curington Voyager Project Engineer
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Department of Energy
VOYAGER SUBCONTRACTORS
-ImUOL e-
-70-
General Electric Co.
Attitude Control and
Space Systems Organization
Articulation Subsystem
Valley Forge, Pa.
Hi-Shear Corp.
Pyrotechnic Squibs
Ordnance Division
Torrance, Calif.
Honeywell, Inc.
Canopus Star Trackers
Lexington, Mass.
Teledyne Microelectronics
Los Angeles, Calif. Hybrid Memories for Flight
Data Subsystem
Texas Instruments
Data Storage Electronics
Dallas, Tex.
Watkins-Johnson Co.
Palo Alto, Calif. S/X-Band Traveling Wave
Tube Amplifiers
Xerox Coxp.
Power Subsystem
Electro-Optical Systems
Pasadena, Calif.
Yardney Electronics Corp.
Flirht and T-st BdLLcry
Denver, Colo.
Assemblies
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EL.
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Science Instruments
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--- Instruments
r s r~- - - -r -
MINOR
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CONVERSION TABLE
Multiply By To Get
Inches 2.54 Centimeters
Centimeters 0.3937 Inches
Feet 30.48 Centimeters
Centimeters 4.7244 Feet
Feet 0.3048 Meters
Meters 3.2808 Feet
Yards 0.9144 Meters
Meters 1.0936 Yards
Statute Miles 1.6093 Kilometers
Kilometers 0.6214 Miles
Feet Per Second 0.3048 Meters Per Second
Meters/Second 3.281 Feet/Second
Meters/Second 2.237 Statute Miles/Hour
I
Feet/Second 0.6818 Miles/Hour
Miles/Hour 1.60%3 Kilomcters/llour
Kilometers/Hour 0.6214 Miles/Hour
Pounds u.4563 Kilograms
Kilograms 2.2046 Pounds
-end-