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INDEX

S.No Content
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. Need for water level indicator
5. Circuit Elements
6. Details of Components
7. Working Principle
8. Application
9. Advantages
10. Scope
11. Circuit Diagram
12. Bibliography
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our teacher as


well as our Principal Mrs.Shanthi Samuel who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic-” To study the
working of water level indicating system” which also helped me in
research and gain knowledge about many new things. Secondly, I
would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me in
finalizing this project within limited time frame.
INTRODUCTION

The Water Level Indicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and


indicate the water level in an overhead tank or any other water
container. The sensing is done by using 4 probes which are placed at 4
different levels on the tank walls(with probe 4 to probe 1 placed in
increasing order of height, common probe(i.e. supply carrying probe)
is placed at the bottom of the tank). The level 4 represents the “Tank
Full” condition while Level 1 represents the “Empty Tank” condition.
NEED FOR WATER LEVEL INDICATOR
● To overcome overflow problems
● To prevent wastage of water
● To prevent wastage of energy
● Attention and observation
● For sustainable use of water and judicious use of electricity
COMPONENTS REQUIRED
4 Transistor BC 548

6 Resistors 220 ohm

LED Bulbs

• Red

• Yellow

• Green

Buzzer

9V Battery

Battery Cap

PCB Board

Connecting Wires

Soldering Wires

Solder
DETAILS OF COMPONENTS
1. Resistance
The electrical resistance of an electrical conductor is a measure
of the difficulty to pass an electric current through that conductor. The
inverse quantity is electrical conductance, the ease with which an
electric current passes.

2. Light Emitting Diode (LED)


A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light
source. It is a pn-junction diode, which emits light when activated.
When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to
recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in
the form of photons.
3. Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to
an external circuit
.
3.1 NPN TRANSISTOR

The transistor in which one p-type material is placed between


two n-type materials is known as NPN transistor. The NPN
transistor amplifies the weak signal enter into the base and produces
strong amplify signals at the collector end.
4.PCB BOARD
A printed circuit board (PCB) mechanically supports and
electrically connects electronic components or electrical components
using conductive tracks, pads and other features etched from one or
more sheet layers of copper laminated onto and/or between sheet layers
of a non-conductive substrate. Components are
generally soldered onto the PCB to both electrically connect and
mechanically fasten them to it.
5.SOLDER
Soft solder typically has a melting point range of 90 to 450 °C (190 to
840 °F; 360 to 720 K),[4] and is commonly used
in electronics, plumbing, and sheet metal work. Alloys that melt
between 180 and 190 °C (360 and 370 °F; 450 and 460 K) are the most
commonly used. Soldering performed using alloys with a melting point
above 450 °C (840 °F; 720 K) is called "hard soldering", "silver
soldering", or brazing.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The operation of this project is very simple and can be understood


easily. In our project “Water Level Indicating System” there are 4 main
conditions:
•There is no water available in the source tank.
•Intermediate level i.e. tank is almost half filled.
•There is ample amount of water available in the source tank i.e. tank
is filled to ¾ of its capacity.
•The water is about to overflow
APPLICATION
•Water level indicator is used in applications like storage tanks, boilers
etc. to indicate level of water inside.
•Can be used to measure underground storage of water
•It is used to predict arrival of floods
•It can be used to calculate incoming and outgoing water in large
reservoirs
•Automatic Water level Controller can be used in Hotels, Factories,
Homes Apartments, Commercial Complexes, Drainage, etc.,
•Automatic water level controller will automatically START the pump
as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level and shall
SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full.
•Fuel level indicator in vehicles.
•Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.
ADVANTAGES

• The system easily indicates when water level is full in tank with beep.
• Low Maintenance
•Compact elegant design
•Now no need to go on the roof to check water level.
• Eco-Friendly
•Alarms start ringing as soon as tank becomes full
•It ensures no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves
electricity and water
•Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks
•Fully automation saves man power
•Consume very little electricity, ideal for continuous operation
SCOPE
•This circuit not only indicates the amount of water present in the
overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank is full. This worthy
device starts ringing as soon as the water tank becomes full. It helps to
check overflow and wastage of water by warning the customer when
the tank is about to brim. It also provides automatic control of pumps
at a remote location.
● Now no need to go on the roof to look the water level.
● It shows the water level in your room like 1/4 tank, 1/2 tank, 3/4 tank
and full tank.
● Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank becomes full.
● Suitable for every tank.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Water Level Indicator- Circuit
diagrams
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH IT
CAN WORK BIG TANKS .
BIBLIOGRAPHY
•NCERT Physics Class 12
•Together With Lab Manual Physics-XII
•Wikipedia

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