Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Biology Grade 8

BACTERIA
By: Jenalin Jane J. Salvador

I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. identify the different kinds of bacteria;

2. draw the different shapes of bacteria;
3. appreciate the benefits of bacteria.
II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Bacteria
B. Reference: a. Introduction to Bacteria.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
http://handsonclassrooms.org/files/Science/introduction_to_bact
eria_02.ppt
b. Bacteria - MicrobeWorld.(April 19,2015).Retrieved
from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-
microbes/bacteria
c. Bacteria -MicrobiologyOnline.(April19,2015).Retrieved
fromhttp://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-
microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria
C. Materials: visual aids (pictures)
D. Skills: drawing
E. Values: appreciation, patience
F. Concept: Bacteria are not all harmful to humans but rather, it
has more benefits to humans and the environment.

III. Procedure:

Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

A. Preliminary Activities

Greetings
Prayers
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review

Before we proceed to our lesson, Ma’am bacteria and protozoa.

let’s have a review about unicellular
organism. Can you give me an
example of a unicellular organism?

Very good, what else? Unicellular algae and unicellular fungi

or yeasts.

Yes. That’s correct! And why are Ma’am because they are single-celled
they called unicellular organism? organism. From the root word “ uni”
which means one or single.
 Very good. These unicellular
organisms are single-celled and
also called prokaryotes. Now, do
you have any idea if what is the Ma’am Bacteria!
smallest type of unicellular
organism?

You’re right!

C. Motivation

Class, I have here a picture which

shows different words that are
related to bacteria. I want you to (students choose a word and explain)
choose one word and use it to
describe or define bacteria.

(show picture)

D. Developmental Activities

Okay class, since we already

describe and define bacteria; let us
now study the different shapes of
bacteria. Look at this photo The white colored bacterium has a
carefully and tell me the shape of round shape.
each bacterium. (show picture)

Very good. What else? Ma’am the bacterium on the center has
a rod shape.

Correct. And the last one? It is a spiral shaped bacterium.

Yes. Very good. These are the

three basic shapes; rod shaped
called bacilli, round shaped called
cocci and the spiral shaped also
called spirillum. Some exist as
single cells, others are clustered
together.

Do you think bacteria are alive? Yes ma’am!

Why do you think so? Because the bacteria can reproduce.

You’re right. Very good! What else Ma’am because they eat.
can make you think that a
bacterium is alive?

Yes. What else? Because the bacteria can move.

Very good. What do they use to Ma’am they use their flagella to move.
move?
Yes. Most motile bacteria move by
the use of flagella There are helical
bacteria which have a specialized
internal structure known as the
axial filament which is responsible
for rotation of the cell in a spiral
fashion and consequent locomotion
and others are gliding bacteria.

Since we said a while ago that a They reproduce through binary fission
bacteria can reproduce, do you wherein they multiply through division.
have any idea how they reproduce?
Ma’am through conjugation, wherein
Very good. There is one more way the cilia of the bacterium connects to
on how bacteria reproduce, what is other cilia of a bacterium then transfers
it? genetic material to another.

Some make their own food from

You’re right! Now, what do you sunlight, like the photosynthetic
think do they eat? bacteria.

Ma’am some are scavengers like the

Yes. Another? bacteria in our stomach which eat what
we eat.

Ma’am some bacteria eat other

Correct! What else? bacteria which are also called
pathogens.

Very good! So what are Ma’am bacteria that make us sick.

pathogens? Do you have any idea?

And how do they make you sick? They produce poisons that result in
fever, headache, vomiting, and
diarrhea and destroy body tissue.

Correct! Where do you get a Through direct contact with people

pathogen? who are sick.

Yes, what else? Ma’am from food, Water, or other

surfaces that are contaminated.

Is it also possible that you get Yes ma’am. For example, you could
infected through indirect contact? become infected if you come in contact
How? with equipment that has been touched
by an ill person.

Yes. What else? Ma’am some pathogenic bacteria rely

on insect carriers such as mosquitoes,
fleas, lice or ticks to move from host to
host.
Very good! Are all bacteria No ma’am.
pathogens?

Why? Explain further. Ma’am not all bacteria are pathogenic

because there are some types of
bacteria that help with digestion and
also used as ingredients of some foods
like cheese for fermentation.

Correct. Anymore more idea? Ma’am it is also used for production of

antibiotics and the photosynthetic
bacteria produces oxygen.

Very well said! Can you give some

example of helpful bacteria as we
have said a while ago that not all
bacteria are pathogenic and some Ma’am, one is Pediococcus which is
are helpful? So what are these used in production of fermented meats.
helpful bacteria?

Yes. What else? Ma’am Lactobacillus casei which is

found in human intestines and mouth
to improve digestion.

Anymore? Ma’am Leuconostoc cremoris which is

used in the production of buttermilk
and sour cream.

No more? Ma’am Lactobacillus bulgaricus which

is used in the production of yogurt and
cheese.

Very good. Do you know some Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

common pathogens? found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables.

Yes. What else? Ma’am Salmonella which is found in

raw meats, poultry, eggs, sprouts, fruit
and vegetables

Correct. What else? Ma’am Listeria which is Found in deli

foods, lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.

You’re right. So what can we do to Ma’am washing our hands often will
prevent or avoid these pathogenic avoid the transfer of bacteria to our
bacteria? mouth or food.

Yes. What else? Ma’am food should be cook thoroughly

to kill any pathogens that may be in the
food.

Correct. Anymore? Ma’am let us store food properly to

limit pathogen growth.

Very good!
E. Application

Direction: Bring out a piece of bond

paper and draw the different (students will now draw)
shapes of bacteria.

F. Generalization

Okay class; let’s have a recap on Ma’am bacteria are the smallest
what we have discussed today. unicellular organism.
What are bacteria?

Ma’am the rod shaped called bacilli,

What are the different shapes of round shaped called cocci and the
bacteria? spiral shaped also called spirillum.

What are the evidences or proof They move, reproduce and eat.
that bacteria are alive?

What are pathogens? Ma’am the bacteria that make us sick.

How do we get pathogens? Through direct and indirect contact

with other people. And also from the
contaminated foods, water and
surfaces.

What are the examples of good Ma’am Pediococcus which is used in

bacteria? production of fermented meats,
Lactobacillus casei which is found in
human intestines and mouth to
improve digestion, Leuconostoc
cremoris which is used in the
production of buttermilk and sour
cream and Lactobacillus bulgaricus
which is used in the production of
yogurt and cheese.

What are the common pathogenic Ma’am Pathogenic E. coli which is

bacteria? found in ground beef, contaminated
fruits and vegetables, Salmonella
which is found in raw meats, poultry,
eggs, sprouts, fruit and vegetables and
Listeria which is Found in deli foods,
lunch meats, smoked fish and
vegetables.

How can we avoid pathogenic Ma’am we should wash our hands

bacteria? often, food should be cook thoroughly
and food should be stored properly to
avoid pathogenic bacteria.
Very good!
IV. Evaluation

Direction: Bring out ¼ piece of paper and identify the following bacteria if it is
beneficial or harmful and give their shape. (14 pts.)

1. Pediococcus
2. Pathogenic E. coli
3. Lactobacillus casei
4. Salmonella
5. Leuconostoc cremoris
6. Listeria
7. Lactobacillus bulgaricus

V. Assignment

Read about multicellular organism.