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To study, compare and analyze the role of fuse and various types based on its application
To compute the fuse ratings of re-wirable fuses and carry out a suitable experiment to determine
the blow-out of the fuse
Fuses:
Fuse is a device which is used to protect circuits from over current, overload and ensures the
protection of the circuit. There are many types of fuses available in the market, but the function of
all these fuses is same. Fuse consists of a low resistance metallic wire enclosed in a non-
combustible material. Whenever a short circuit, over current or mismatched load connection
occurs, then the thin wire inside the fuse melts because of the heat generated by the heavy current
flowing through it. Therefore, it disconnects the power supply from the connected system. In
normal operation of the circuit, fuse wire is just a very low resistance component and does not
affect the normal operation of the system connected to the power supply.
Types of Fuses:
There are different types of fuses available in the market and they can be categories on the basis of
different aspects. Fuses are used in AC as well as DC circuits.
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Fuses can be divided into two main categories according to the type of input supply voltage.
1. AC fuses
2. DC fuses
AC and DC Fuses
One time use fuses contain a metallic wire, which burns out, when an over current, over load or
mismatched load connect event occur, user has to manually replace these fuses, switch fuses are
cheap and widely used in almost all the electronics and electrical systems.
Such types of fuses can be categories on the following basis.
Breaking capacity
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Cartridge fuses
Cartridge fuses are used to protect electrical appliances such as motors air-conditions, refrigerator,
pumps etc, where high voltage rating and currents required. They are available up to 600A and 600V
AC & widely used in industries, commercial and domestic distribution panels.
There are two types of Cartridge fuses. 1. General purpose fuse with no time delay and 2. Heavy-
duty cartridge fuses with time delay. Both are available in 250V AC to 600V AC and its rating can be
found on the end cap or knife blade.
This type of fuses (also known as spade or plug-in fuses) comes in plastic body and two metal caps
to fit in the socket. Mostly, they used in automobiles for wiring and short circuit protection. Blade
Type fuses: used in automobiles
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Types of fuses include the simple re-wirable fuses, Resettable (SMD) fuses, Axial fuses, Thermal
fuses, HRC (High Rupturing Capacity), High Voltage fuses etc
Resettable Fuses:
Resettable fuse is a device, which can be used as multiple times without replacing it. They open the
circuit, when an over current event occurs and after some specific time they connect the circuit
again. Polymeric positive temperature coefficient device (PPTC, commonly known as a resettable
fuse, poly-switch or poly-fuse) is a passive electronic component used to protect against short
current faults in electronic circuits.
Application of such fuses is overcome where manually replacing of fuses is difficult or almost
impossible, e.g. fuse in the nuclear system or in aerospace system.
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
The common material, which is used to make an HRC fuse is glass, though this aspect is not always
the case. Other chemical compounds are also used in HRC fuse manufacturing and construction
based on different factors. Its external enclosure is made fully airtight in order to avoid the effect of
atmosphere on the fuse materials. The major objection on HRC fuse is low and uncertain breaking
capacity of semi-enclosed fuse.
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Din type fuses are available in wide range of rated currents. DIN fuse are used for different
purposes with their characteristic at different temperature condition. They types of fuses
are available for different voltages level and can be used in transformer protection even
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
where there is no LV (Low-Voltage) Secondary or backup protection. They have excellent clearing
capability of ideal low over current with short-circuit performance. Other uses and application of
DIN fuses are in air and gas insulated switchgear, mining, transformers and Feeder sectionalizing.
Re-wirable Fuses:
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and in the protection of outdoor distribution transformers. It is a fully enclosed type fuse and is
available in a wide range of ratings. The fuse when blown out can be reused after replacing the fuse
element and the circuit can be restored quickly and easily. Renewable fuses are simple in
construction and operation but less reliable than HRC fuses.
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Renewable fuse consists of a base and a separate fuse element carrier made of porcelain. The base
consists of two terminals one for incoming supply and the other for the outgoing supply. Similarly
fuse carrier also contains two terminals between which fuse element is connected. Usually one or
more strands of fuse wires are used as fuse element. The fuse base and the carrier are designed
such that each terminals of base coincides with a terminal of the fuse element. The circuit will be
closes only if the fuse carrier is inserted into the base and the fuse element is continuous.
Terminologies
Rated voltage (Un) the maximum nominal voltage that the fuse-link is designed to interrupt.
The fuse-link may have an a.c. rating, a d.c. rating or both
Rated current (In) the maximum value of current that the fuse-link will carry continuously
Rated breaking Capacity is the value of prospective current that a fuse is capable of breaking
at a stated voltage under prescribed conditions of use and behaviour. The fuse link may have an
a.c. breaking capacity, a d.c. breaking capacity or both and this is the maximum fault current that
the fuse-
Conventional non-fusing current (Inf) e-link is
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Page | 12
Name of Laboratory : Electrical Workshop
Lab Subject Code : EEE1003
Name of School : SELECT
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Fusing Factor:
The ratio of minimum fusing current and the current rating of fusing element
-links (full-range breaking capacity fuse-link, typically used for overload and short circuit
protection)
-links (partial-range breaking capacity fuse-link, typically used for short circuit protection
only)
-
current characteristics, conventional times and currents
Utilization Classes:
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Fuse Types & Applications
Fuse-link characteristics
Time-current characteristic:
It is a curve showing the pre-arcing (melting), or operating, time as a function of current. The time-
current curve has a basic tolerance of ±10% in terms of current
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Workshop
Lab Subject Code : EEE1003
Name of School : SELECT
Cut-
I2t characteristic:
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Trip Characteristics:
Quick Acting (F)
Time Lag (T)
Time-lag fuses trip at a slower rate at high currents
Inrush Current:
Many applications will have inrush or peak currents at start-up and sometimes during normal
operation
Inrush current in the application should be measured and used to calculate the proper fuse
I2t value
I2t is the amount of heat energy, in terms of current and time, required to melt the fuse link
Step 1: Choose the appropriate waveform that replicates the inrush current related to the
application
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1021
Name of School : SELECT
Continuous exposure to pulses of high current could prematurely age the fuse
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Workshop
Lab Subject Code : EEE1003
Name of School : SELECT
The number of pulses the fuse would be exposed to in the application should also be considered
when choosing a fuse
Step 4: Selection of the appropriate Fuse Rating based on the I 2t graph of the relevant
manufacturer
Motors, Air-conditioners, Home distribution boards, General electrical appliances and devices,
Laptops, Cell phones, Game systems, Digital cameras, LCD monitors, Power convertors, Scanners etc
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Name of Laboratory : Electrical Safety
Lab Subject Code : EEE1003
Name of School : SELECT
Circuit Diagram:
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