PRIORITY ENCODER FOR POWER SOURCE

SYNOPSIS

The priority encoder designed with micro-controller, provides un-interrupted

supply to the load. The first priority is given for solar panel, as long as solar energy
is available, the micro-controller energizes relay –1, and this relay contact is used to
provide supply to the load. The second priority is given for the battery, when natural
light is disappeared, output from the solar panel becomes zero, at that time the
controller de-energizes relay-1 and energizes relay-2 automatically. Now the load
is shifted over battery. This battery can be charged using another solar panel.
Since it is a prototype module, this facility is not provided in the project work. But
this battery can be charged through the 6V power source derived from mains voltage.
The third and least priority is given for main source, when the battery is exhausted or
discharged and when we are not getting power from the panel, at that time, the
controller energizes relay – 3 only, and provides supply to the load from the main
source.

The idea of utilizing this scheme is to minimize the electricity bill and at the
same time to provide un-interrupted supply to the load, so that under any
circumstances supply is providing to the load without any break. The outputs of all
the three sources are fed to micro-controller, if all the three sources are available,
the controller selects solar panel, which is economy then other two sources. LED
indicators are provided for identifying the power sources.
 MULTIPLE POWER SOURCES
WITH AUTO SELECTION
BLOCKDIAGRAM

+12V +5V
+ 5V Regulator
SOLAR PANEL_

From Solar
Panel

+ Relay - 1
12V From Contact
BATTERY _ Battery

Relay - 2
From Contact
mains
12V Supply + Relay - 3
derived from Contact
_
mains GND Load

230V
P N
LCD +12V

Relay - 1
From Solar
Panel Voltage Cmparator
is used as Panel Volt-
age sensing Circuit
8
From
Battery Voltage Cmparator
9 Relay - 2

is used as Battery
Voltage sensing
Circuit
C
From
5 Relay - 3
Voltage Cmparator
mains
is used as mains
Voltage sensing
2
Circuit