Assignment 2.

1.differentiate substance from mixture based on the ff.

A. Boiling point

B. Melting point

2.sketch the boiling point-time graph of a substance and a mixture.

Answers

1.when it comes to their physical properties such as their boiling or melting point, pure
substance has constances physical and chemical properties.

2.when it comes to their physical properties such as their boiling or melting point pure
substances are non-changing while mixtures have varying physical properties.

Assignment 2.2

1. How are elements different from compounds? How are they similar

2.what are the uses of these elements in the human body.

Answers:

1.A compound contains atom of different atoms of different elements chemically

combined together in a fixed ratio. An element is a pure chemical substance made of
some type of atom compounds contains different elements in a fixed ratio arranged in
defined manner through chemical bonds.

2. Almost 99%of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements:oxygen
carbon hydrogen nitrogen calcium and phosphorus.

Assignment 2.3

1.how are metals different from non metals?

How are they similar

2.Indentify and describe some metals and non-metals found in the human body.

Answers:
1.a metals have one to three electrons in their outer shell where non -metals have four
electrons to eight. Another difference is that metals tend to lose their valence electrons.
But non-metals share or gain valence electrons.

While metals are good conductors of electricity and heat while non- metals are poor.2.

2. Metals

Have 1-3 electrons, good conductors, tend to lose valence electrons.

Non-metals

Have 4-8 electrons, poor conductors, Gain or share valence electrons.

Similarities

Metals tend to be strong and conductive and have high melting points. How ever like
non -metals, their forms occur as a distinct combination of electrons. Protons and
neutrons. All element. Metal or other wise can change state or react.

Assignment #4

1. How acidic or basic are common household materials?

2. does water from different sources have the same acidity?

3. what is the effects of acids on metals?

4. illustrate the Ph Scale.

Answers:

1. Acids and basicity are measured by ph . Lower ph means more acidic while higher ph
indicates a more basic substance . Some of the common household products and their
prospective eh as i have searched are listed below:

2. They does not have the same acidity water kama from c has a lot of acidity that can
get .

3. Hydrogen gas is format a metal reacts with the acid to form a salt . Many but not all
metals react with
acids , hydrogen gas
is form as the metal
reacts with the acid
to form a salt .
Assignment #5

1. Trace the historical discovery of the microscope?

2.state the compound microscope identify and describe the parts and function of a
compound microscope.

Answers

1.it was antony van leeuwenhoek 1632 1723 and scientists and one of the pioneers of
microscopy you in the late 17th century became the first man to make and use a real
microscope he owed his own simple microscope which had a single lands and we're
hand held.

Mechanical parts

Base-bottommost portion that supports the entire lower microscope.

Pillar -part above the base that's supports the other parts.

Inclination joint-ilosone tilting of the microscope for the convenience of the user.

Arm-curve or slanted part which is held while carrying the microscope.

Stage-platform where object to be examined is placed.

Stage clips-secure the specimen to the stage

Stage opening

Body tube-attached to the arm and bears the lenses.

Draw tube-cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that holds ocular lenses.

Revolving nosepiece: rotating this where the objectives are attached

Dust shield:liza tap the nosepiece and gifts does from setting on the objective..

Assignment #6

1.Characteristic of convex mirror and concave mirror

Answers:

Plane mirrors and convex mirrors only produce virtual images. Only a concave mirror is
capable of producing a real image and this only occurs if the object is located a distance
greater than a focal length from the mirror's surface. 10. The image of an object is found
to be upright and reduced in size.

Concave mirrors can produce both real and virtual images; they can be upright (if
virtual) or inverted (if real); they can be behind the mirror (if virtual) or in front of the
mirror (if real); they can also be enlarged, reduced, or the same size as object. 2. ... A
plane mirror will always produce an upright image.

Assignment #7

1.how will you prepare a wet mount

2. how will you observe a specimen under the microscope list the step-by-step process

3. How do you calculate the total magnification power of the microscope.

Answers:

1.In a wet mount, a drop of water is used to suspend the specimen between the slide
and cover slip. Place a sample on the slide. Using a pipette, place a drop of water on
the specimen. Then place on edge of the cover slip over the sample and carefully lower
the cover slip into place using a toothpick or equivalent

2.Step 1: Moving Your Microscope. Carry the microscope with two hands. ...

Step 2: Microscope Lens Care. Never touch any lens with your fingers. ...

Step 3: Microscope Parts. ...

Step 4: Prepare a Slide. ...

Step 5: Insert the Slide. ...

Step 6: Set Up for Viewing. ...

Step 7: Light Control. ...

Step 8: Focus the Microscope.

3.To figure the total magnification of an image that you are viewing through the
microscope is really quite simple. To get the total magnification take the power of the
objective (4X, 10X, 40x) and multiply by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10X.

Assignment #8

1. what are organisms?

2 .What makes them up ?

3. Describe the different level of biological organization from cell to biosphere.

Answers

1. an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.

2.The first characteristic of a living thing is that, they are made up of cells. A cell is the
basic building block of all organisms. It is the smallest unit of organization in a living
thing. They contain the organism's hereditary information (DNA) and can make copies
of themselves in a process called mitosis.

3.Levels of Biological Organization  The various levels of organization include atoms,

molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole organisms, populations,
communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere. 3. Cellular Level  The cell is the
smallest unit of biological organization that biologists consider alive.

Assignment#9

1.differentiate plant and animal cells according to presence and absence of certain
organelles.

2. Why is the cell considered the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.

3. Are all cells the same if not in what way are they different.

4. Describe the different organelles found in an animal cell and plant cell.

Answers:

1.The plant cell and the animal cell can be differentiated by the presence of organelles
in them. Although both are classified as Eukaryotes, the presence of the cell wall,
vacuoles, and chloroplasts are the most remarkable and distinguishing components of
the plant cells which are absent in the animal cells.

2.Cell is called structural unit because body of all the organisms is made up of cells. It is
functional unit of life because all the functions of body (physiological, biochemical.
genetic and other functions) are carried out by cells.

3.In this way, all cells aren't the same. Even eukaryotic cells, aren't always the same. ...
A sperm cell can be found only in a male organism, while an egg cell can be found only
in a female organism, sperm cell and egg cell differs in shape, size, number, function,
body structure, etc.
4.Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic
cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus,
mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes.