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LCD Interfacing Tutorial: Commands and Instructions

 Table of Content 

 Index
 Introduction to Alphanumeric LCD
 Basics of LCD
 LCD Commands
 LCD 8-bit Initialization
 Checking Busy Flag of LCD
 Sending command & data to LCD
 Creating custom character and patters
 LCD in 4-bit Mode - Introduction
 LCD in 4-bit Mode - Programming

Commands and Instruction set

Only the instruction register (IR) and the data register (DR) of the LCD can be controlled by the MCU. Before starting the internal operation of the LCD, control
information is temporarily stored into these registers to allow interfacing with various MCUs, which operate at di erent speeds, or various peripheral control devices.
The internal operation of the LCD is determined by signals sent from the MCU. These signals, which include register selection signal (RS), read/write signal (R/W), and
the data bus (DB0 to DB7), make up the LCD instructions (Table 3). There are four categories of instructions that:

Designate LCD functions, such as display format, data length, etc.

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 Set internal RAM addresses
Perform data transfer with internal RAM
Perform miscellaneous functions

Table 3: Command and Instruction set for LCD type HD44780

Although looking at the table you can make your own commands and test them. Below is a breif list of useful commands which are used frequently while working on
the LCD.

No. Instruction Hex Decimal

1 Function Set: 8-bit, 1 Line, 5x7 Dots 0x30 48

2 Function Set: 8-bit, 2 Line, 5x7 Dots 0x38 56

3 Function Set: 4-bit, 1 Line, 5x7 Dots 0x20 32

4 Function Set: 4-bit, 2 Line, 5x7 Dots 0x28 40

5 Entry Mode 0x06 6

6 Display o Cursor o 0x08 8

(clearing display without clearing DDRAM content)

7 Display on Cursor on 0x0E 14

8 Display on Cursor o 0x0C 12

9 Display on Cursor blinking 0x0F 15

10 Shift entire display left 0x18 24

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 No. Instruction Hex Decimal

11 Shift entire display right 0x1C 30

12 Move cursor left by one character 0x10 16

13 Move cursor right by one character 0x14 20

14 Clear Display (also clear DDRAM content) 0x01 1

15 Set DDRAM address or coursor position on display 0x80 + address* 128 + address*

16 Set CGRAM address or set pointer to CGRAM location 0x40 + address** 64 + address**

Table 4: Frequently used commands and instructions for LCD

* DDRAM address given in LCD basics section see Figure 2,3,4

** CGRAM address from 0x00 to 0x3F, 0x00 to 0x07 for char1 and so on..

The table above will help you while writing programs for LCD. But after you are done testing with the table 4, i recommend you to use table 3 to get more grip on
working with LCD and trying your own commands. In the next section of the tutorial we will see the initialization with some of the coding examples in C as well as
assembly.

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