Manipal University Jaipur

Department of Chemical Engineering

CE 1531- TRANSPORT PHENOMENA LABORATORY-I

III YEAR, 5th SEMESTER, 2019
EXPERIMENT #9
Experiment title: CHARACTERISTICS OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Anees Y Khan
GROUP #2
MEMBERS: HRIDAYA KUMARI (179101015)
RICHA KAKATI
SHIVAM K YADAV
Experiment carried on: October 17th, 2019
Report submitted on: October 24th, 2019

PRELAB (10) ______

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (10) ______
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES/SCOPE/PROCEDURE (30) ______
RESULTS & DISCUSSION (30) ______
CONCLUSIONS (5) ______
REFERENCES (5) ______
APPENDIX
a) Original data, sample calculations, other information (5) ______
GENERAL COMPLETENESS
a) Conciseness and neatness (5) ______
TOTAL (100) ______

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3

2. OBJECTIVE 4

3. INTRODUCTION 4

4. THEORY 5

5. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 5

6. PROCEDURE 6

7. DISCUSSION & RESULTS 6-7

8. CONCLUSION 8

9. REFERNCES 8

10. APPENDIX 8-10

a) a. OBSERVATION TABLE 9-10

2
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this experiment the centrifugal pump characteristics are studied and a relationship is
developed between head, discharge, speed, power, and efficiency of the pump. Centrifugal
pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. To achieve this
objective, apparatus with two pressure gauge at different points is used. Pump is used to carry the
water up till certain height through the pipe. Flow through the pipe will cause change in pressure
in the gauge. Volumetric flow rate is calculated with the help of measuring tank, by collecting
water in the tank in specific time here we have taken it to be 60s. It is measured by measuring
scale. Three set of readings is taken at different RPM and flowrates and then the efficiency of
pump is calculated with the help of input and output power which is calculated impulse and total
head respectively.

3
OBJECTIVE:

To study of centrifugal pump characteristics – Determining the relationship between the head
discharge, speed, power and efficiency for a centrifugal pump at various rotation speeds and
determining flow rate characteristics at the same speed.

INTRODUCTION
A pump is a device used to move gases, liquids or slurries. A pump moves liquids or gases from
lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to
the system (such as a water system). A gas pump is generally called a compressor, except in very
low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning, where the
operative equipment consists of fans or blowers. One of such pumps is the Centrifugal Pump.

Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery.

Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to
the hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine
or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is
accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing),
from where it exits.

Common uses include water, sewage, petroleum and petrochemical pumping; a centrifugal fan is
commonly used to implement a vacuum cleaner. The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is
a water turbine converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy.

4
THEORY

A centrifugal pump works by the conversion of the rotational kinetic energy, typically from an
electric motor or turbine, to an increased static fluid pressure. This action is described by
Bernoulli's principle. The rotation of the pump impeller imparts kinetic energy to the fluid as it is
drawn in from the impeller eye (center) and is forced outward through the impeller vanes to the
periphery. As the fluid exits the impeller, the fluid kinetic energy (velocity) is then converted to
(static) pressure due to the change in area the fluid experiences in the volute section. Typically,
the volute shape of the pump casing (increasing in volume), or the diffuser vanes (which serve to
slow the fluid, converting to kinetic energy in to flow work) are responsible for the energy
conversion. The energy conversion results in an increased pressure on the downstream side of the
pump, causing flow.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

FIGURE: SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF CENTRIGUGAL PUMP

5
PROCEDURE :
1) The measuring tank is filled with liquid for calibration.
2) Drain valve is opened to the measuring tank. Amount of liquid lost for 1 cm decrease in
level noted.
3) Water flow is started by opening the control valve.
4) Suction valve is also opened.
5) Different RPM are set.
6) Note readings of suction and discharge.
7) Impulse is formed by constant number of blinks in the control panel.
8) Divert the flow in measuring tank for 60 s and note the difference in height.
9) Flow rate is kept constant and repeat steps 5-8 for effective RPM.
10) Do the same for 3 different flow rates.
11) Drain the water tank.

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS:

From this experiment, we have observed that with the increase in discharge flow rates, the output
power and efficiency increase.

GRAPH1: FULLY OPEN VALVE

5000
4500
4000
3500
EFFICIENCY

3000
2500 ƞ%
2000 SHAFT WORK
1500 H=10.2(ps+pd)
1000
500
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
FLOW RATE

6
 GRAPH2: PARTIALLY OPEN VALVE
3000
2555.1
2500 2297.142

2000
1622.676559
EFFICIENCY

1500 ƞ%
1203.263555
1020.51 SHAFT WORK
1000
699.0325892 H=10.2(ps+pd)

500
0.005912903 0.017738708
0.011825806
0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07
FLOW RATE

GHRAPH3: SLIGHTLY OPEN VALVE

1200

1000

800
EFFICIENCY

600 ƞ%
SHAFT WORK
400
H=10.2(ps+pd)

200

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
FLOWRATE

7
CONCLUSIONS
We can conclude from the experiment that the characteristics of this pump which is the efficiency
and the head can be defined by using a different speed of pump. Thus, the objective of this
experiment is achieved in order to define any centrifugal pump characteristics.
It also can be concluded that the main objectives of this experiment have been achieved
successfully. We can also determine all the parameters required. However, it is to be noted that,
some of the value of readings obtained may be inaccurate due to certain errors that occurred during
the experiment i.e. parallax error and human error. Yet it still leads and produced the expected
results accordingly and as required the above experiment that we can obtain greater efficiency by
setting up the pump at high RPM.

REFERENCES:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump
2. https://www.pumpsandsystems.com/topics/pumps/characteristics-centrifugal-pumps-
0912

APPENDIX:

CALCULATIONS

1)H=10.2×(Pd+Ps)

where: H is total pressure head of the pump in bar

Pd is discharge pressure of the pump in bar

Ps is suction pressure of the pump in bar

2)Pinput =3600×I×1000t×3200/746

Where : Pinput is input power to the pump in hp

I is impulse

t is time taken in sec

3)Poutput=ρ×g×H×Q/746

where: Poutput is power output from the pump in hp

8
 ρ is density of water = 103 kg/m3

g is acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s2

Q is volumetric flow rate in m3/s

4) η = Poutput / Pinput

where: η is the efficiency of the pump

OBSERVATION TABLE

S. RP IMP p p H=10. TI h2 Q(m Pinp Poutp ELEC ƞ% SHA

NO M ULS s d 2(ps+p ME - ^3/se ut ut TRIC FT
E d) (sec h1 c) AL WOR
) INPUT K
FULLY
OPEN
VALVE
1 17 3 1 0. 1020.5 20 9 0.03 0.22 464.9 0.0170 524. 0.008
19 0 0 1 465 6206 9757 5645 274 8693
0 5 43 03 4 54
2 10 4 2 0. 2551.1 20 17 0.06 0.30 2195. 0.0227 185 0.011
30 5 1 22 545 1608 6901 41934 6.69 8258
0 1 58 76 4 06
3 22 6 4 0. 4337.5 20 23 0.08 0.45 5050. 0.0341 284 0.017
94 2 2 5 855 2412 8356 12901 7.35 7387
5 5 87 77 3 08
PARTIALLY
OPEN VALVE
1 17 2 1 0. 1020.5 20 8 0.03 0.15 413.3 0.0113 699. 0.005
22 0 0 1 08 0804 3117 70967 032 9129
0 5 29 36 6 03
2 10 4 2 0. 2297.1 20 16 0.06 0.30 1918. 0.0227 162 0.011
43 2 2 42 .5 3525 1608 9457 41934 2.67 8258
5 1 58 45 7 06
3 23 6 2 0. 2555.1 20 16 0.06 0.45 2134. 0.0341 120 0.017
04 5 5 .5 3525 2412 4341 12901 3.26 7387
0 87 24 4 08
SLIGHTLY
OPEN VALVE

9
1 17 2 1 0. 1020.5 20 7. 0.02 0.15 387.4 0.0113 655. 0.005
28 0 0 1 5 8875 0804 9797 70967 343 9129
0 5 29 52 1 03
2 10 4 1 0. 1023.9 20 3 0.01 0.30 155.5 0.0227 131. 0.011
45 0 3 78 155 1608 2592 41934 514 8258
0 9 58 4 06
3 23 5 1 0. 1027.1 20 3. 0.01 0.37 182.0 0.0284 123. 0.014
15 0 7 4 5 3475 7010 0721 27417 125 7822
0 72 15 5 57

10