5 Environmental Pollution

Environmental Pollution
Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 1

THINGS TO BE LEARNED…
 Definition
 Causes, effects and control measures of-
 Air pollution
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Marine pollution
 Noise pollution
 Thermal pollution
 Nuclear hazards

Continued…
 Solid waste management
 Causes, effects and control measures
 Role of individual in prevention of pollution
 Pollution case studies
 Disaster management
 Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones, Landslides

Definition
Pollution :-
 Pollution is the harmful alteration of our
environment by our own actions.
 “Undesirable changes in our

surroundings that have harmful effects
on plants, animals and human beings.”

Pollutants :-
 Unwanted by-products
 Our activities responsible
 The residues of things used and which is

thrown away

Pollutants
Slowly Non
Degradable
Degradable Degradable
Domestic Pesticides Lead, Mercury

Sewage

Air pollution
 Definition:-
“Presence of undesirable solid or
gaseous particles in the air.”
 History of air pollution:-

In beginning of 20th century with
development in transportation systems and use
of petrol and diesel.

Structure of atmosphere
1. Troposphere (0-12 km)
2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)
3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)
4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)

Types and sources of Air Pollutants
 Primary pollutants
 Secondary pollutants

 Primary pollutants like natural events (Dust
storms, volcano's), human activities (Vehicles,
industries)
 Secondary pollutants includes sulphuric acids,

nitric acids which are produced because of
chemical reactions.

Causes
Automobile emissions Combustion of coal

 Power plants

 Paint fumes and Aerosol sprays

 Wildfires

 Nuclear tests

 Smog

Effects of Air pollution
On Plants

On living organisms

 On materials-Abrasion & Corrosion
 On stratosphere

 On Ozone Layer

On Climate Greenhouse effect

Control measures
 Control at the source only-

1. Use of gravitational settling chambers
2. Wet scrubbers
3. Centrifugal separators
4. Electrostatic precipitators

Continued…
 Putting greater emphasis on prevention

Continued…
 Reducing use of fossil fuels
 Improving quality of vehicular fuel
 Increasing use of renewable energy

Summary…
 ..\..\Videos\5.1 Air Pollution Causes,
Effects And Solutions.mp4

Water pollution
“Introduction of chemical, biological

and physical matter into large bodies of
water that degrade the quality of life
that lives in it and consumes it.”

Sources of water pollution

Sources
Non Point
Point Sources
Sources

Water Pollution Sources
1. Point sources
 Discharge at specific locations
 Easier to identify, monitor, regulate
2. Nonpoint sources
 Runoff of chemicals and sediment
 Agriculture
 Control is difficult and expensive

Common Water Pollutants
 Inorganic Plant Nutrients

 Organic chemicals
 Oxygen demanding Wastes
 Water-soluble inorganic chemicals
 Sediment / Suspended Matter
 Radioactive Substances
 Disease causing agents
 Heat

Causes
5%
8%
12%
50%
25%
Domestic Sewage Erosion Detergants

Pesticides Leaded Gasoline

 Factories and Refineries

 Waste treatment facilities
 Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers

 Oil spills

 Household chemicals and Animal waste

Effects
 On aquatic ecosystem
 Biological magnification
-Certain pollutants concentrations in food
chain and food webs.

• On human health

 Hazards of ground water pollution

 Eutrophication
 Increase in nutrients level in water (Algae)

Control measures
 Disinfection of water-Chlorination
 Sedimentation-Removal of suspended particles
 Filtration
 Prohibition on washing clothes, directly bathing in
tanks.

Continued…
 Sewage treatment.
 Hot water cooling before releasing from power

plants.
 Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.

 Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.
 Oil spilling cleaning
-A by product of paper industry resembling saw
dust

3 stages of water treatment
1. Primary
 Solids are separated
2. Secondary
 Dissolved biological matter is converted into
a solid mass by using water-borne bacteria
 95% of the suspended molecules should be
removed
3. Tertiary
 Biological solids are neutralized then
disposed, and treated water may be
disinfected chemically or physically
Case Study-Minamata Disease

Summary…
 ..\..\Videos\5.2 water pollution.mp4

Soil pollution
“Pollution of the Earth’s natural land
surface by industrial, commercial, domestic
and agricultural activities.”

Causes
 Discarded materials like rubber, plastic
 Garbage

 Industrial and Chemical wastes
 Pesticides (chemicals used to kill insects

defined as pests)
 Herbicides (chemicals used to kill plant

life, particularly weeds)
 Fertilizers

 Radioactive fallout from mines, radioactive
plants
 Other pollutants (Acid rain)

Effects
 Soil erosion
 Decreased Soil production capacity
 Reduced water holding capacity
 Salination Of Soil
 Effect on terrestrial and aquatic life
 Health hazards-Chronic diseases due to

domestic garbage
Control Measures
 Proper treatment of industrial waste

 Special pits or low lying areas for dumping of
wastes.

 Production of biogas from agricultural waste.
 Reduce Use of chemical fertilizers
 Recycling of some materials like paper, glass
 Improvement in mining techniques
 Proper collection and disposal of waste
(Pneumatic pipes)

Noise pollution

Definition-
 “Excessive, displeasing environmental
noise which is created by human or
machine, that disrupts the activity or
balance of humans”
 In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound

released in atmosphere

Permissible levels of sound-
Zones Day (6 to 21 hrs) Night (21 to 6 hrs)
Industry 75 dB 70 dB
Commercial 65 dB 55 dB
Residential 55 dB 45 dB
Silent zone 50 dB 40 dB

Causes
 Industries (Textile, Mfg)
 Vehicles (Tanks, Artillery)
 Domestic gadgets
 Public address systems
 Nanjing – 105 dB
 Mumbai - 82 dB

Effects
Physical Physiological
Psychological

Effects
 Effect on hearing ability (Ear drum, sensory
cells)
 Effect on general health (Stress, Anxiety,
Heart rate)

Control measures
 Proper maintenance of machines
 Sound proof chambers for noisy machines
 Location of industries away from human

settlements
 Silence zones

 Control over vibrations
 Planting coniferous trees around roads.
 Installation of sound barriers
 Protective devices such as ear muffs,

cotton plugs.

Thermal pollution
 Sources, effects and control measures

of thermal pollution

Nuclear Energy
*Uses *Nuclear hazards

Solid Waste Management

Composition Of Urban Waste
Food
5% 2%
Plastic
8%
35% Leaves & Street Garbage
11%
Paper
Glass & Ceramics
12% Metals
Rubber & Other
27%

Causes and Classification of Waste
Biodegradable waste

Non-Biodegradable waste

 Toxic Waste

 Non-toxic waste
 Biomedical waste

Effects
 Spoilage of landscape
 Soil Pollution (Effect on soil)
 Health hazards
 Effect on terrestrial and aquatic life

Control measures
 Composting
 Vermiculture

 Recycling

 Incineration (combustion of organic
substances )

 Land Filling

Role of individual in
prevention of
pollution

 Respect for all forms of life.
 Reduce use of wood and paper
 Recycle paper products
 Cut down use of CFC’s
 Renewable energy sources
 Public transport instead of private vehicles
 Rechargeable batteries to reduce metal pollution
 Protect trees from cutting
 Save electricity

 Avoid asking plastic bags
 Garbage separation
 Do not litter the roads and surroundings
 Understand natural and cultural assets
Remember
Environment protection begins with
YOU…

Disaster Management

Disaster
“Extreme event which exceed the

tolerable magnitude within or beyond
certain limits, which results in loss of
property, income and lives”

Disasters…
 ..\..\Videos\5.4 Disaster Management.flv

Various disasters:-
 Cyclones
 Floods
 Droughts
 Earthquakes
 Landslides

Cyclones
 Causes
 ..\..\Videos\5.5 Tropical cyclones.flv
 Mitigation measures-
 Installation of early warning systems
 Developing communication infrastructure
 Developing Shelter belts
 Developing community cyclone shelters
 Training and education
 Land use control in coastal belts

Floods

Flood Control Measures
Structural Non-structural
 Improved drainage  Disaster preparations

 Reservoirs  Maintaining flood
 Floodwalls forecasting
 Anti erosion measures  Warning systems
 Public health measures
 Flood insurance

Landslides
 Reasons like climate, earthquakes, changing land
use
 Physically controlling of land slides
 Prevent exposure of population
 Drainage measures
 Erosion measure control
 Rock fall control measures- Grass Plantation

Earthquakes
 Motion of ground surface, sudden shaking
of earth crust.
 Rocks under stress accumulate strain
energy over time.
 When stress exceeds strength of rocks,
rock breaks.
 Causes
1. Natural
2. Human activities (Underground Nuclear
Tests)

Richter Scale Severity
Less than 4 Insignificant
4-4.9 Minor
5-5.9 Damaging
6-6.9 Destructive
7-7.9 Major
More than 8 Great

 Effects:-
i. Short range (Claims many lives, Damage to
property, Floods, Tsunamis, Fires)
ii. Long range (Regional changes, River shifting)
 Mitigation Measures:-
i. Earthquake resistant buildings in earthquake
prone areas e.g. Wooden houses in Japan
ii. Coordination between government, local
NGOs for rescue and rehabilitation for
mitigation

 Mitigation: any activity that reduces either the
chance of a hazard taking place or a hazard turning
into disaster.
 Risk reduction: anticipatory measures and actions
that seek to avoid future risks as a result of a
disaster.
 Prevention: avoiding a disaster even at the
eleventh hour.
 Preparedness: plans or preparations made to save
lives or property, and help the response and rescue
service operations. This phase covers
implementation/operation, early warning systems
and capacity building so the population will react
appropriately when an early warning is issued.

 Response: includes actions taken to save lives and
prevent property damage, and to preserve the
environment during emergencies or disasters. The
response phase is the implementation of action
plans.
 Recovery: includes actions that assist a community

to return to a sense of normalcy after a disaster.

Disaster management
 Relief measures
 Disaster predictions
 Disaster research
 Education
 Geographic Information Systems

Case studies on pollution

Have you ever imagined
What will happen
If
We don’t think of
Environment??

GO BACK!! Nothing is left
in future. Not even
FRESH AIR to breathe…

We wont be able to survive
Without masks!!!

Aliens will be laughing at Our planet…

When you’ll become mummies and daddies..
You’ll say to your kids…
You need to go inside and get some fresh

air!

“Duniya me hum aye
hain to jeena hi
padega,
Hawaa me agar hai
ZEHER toh sehna hi
padega”
Nahiiiiiiii…

Before its TOO LATE,
WAKE UP PEOPLE!!!

“If you want to act
Green,
first think
Green”

Go Green…
 Videos\5.6 Ways 2 Go Green Right
Now.mp4

Thank You…

5 Environmental Pollution

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Environmental Pollution

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 1

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 2

 Causes, effects and control measures

 Role of individual in prevention of pollution

 Pollution case studies

 Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones, Landslides

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 3

 “Undesirable changes in our

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 4

 Our activities responsible

 The residues of things used and which is

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 5

Domestic Pesticides Lead, Mercury

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 6

 History of air pollution:-

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 8

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 9

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 10

 Secondary pollutants includes sulphuric acids,

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 11

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 12

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 13

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 14

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 15

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 16

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 17

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 18

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 19

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 20

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 21

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 22

 Control at the source only-

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 23

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 24

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 25

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 26

“Introduction of chemical, biological

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 27

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 28

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 29

 Easier to identify, monitor, regulate

 Control is difficult and expensive

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 30

 Inorganic Plant Nutrients

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 32

Domestic Sewage Erosion Detergants

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 33

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 34

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 35

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 36

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 37

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 38

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 39

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 40

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 41

 Sedimentation-Removal of suspended particles

 Prohibition on washing clothes, directly bathing in

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 42

 Hot water cooling before releasing from power

 Excessive use of fertilizers should be avoided.

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 43

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 44