ISO 14000 Family

EVT472
Environmental Management System

Fairus Muhamad Darus

ISO 14000 is a family of standards related

to environmental management
encompasses series of standards

ISO 14000 family standards

• ISO 14001:2015 is the most popular standard of the ISO 14000 family,
which also includes standards such as the following:
– ISO 14004 - General guidelines on principles, systems and support
techniques
– ISO 14006 - Guidelines for incorporating ecodesign
– ISO 14015 - Environmental assessment of sites and organizations
(EASO)
– ISO 14020 - Environmental labels and declarations
– ISO 14031 - Environmental performance evaluation
– ISO 14040 - Life cycle assessment
– ISO 14050 - Vocabulary
– ISO 14063 - Environmental communication
– ISO 14064 - Greenhouse gases
– ISO 19011 - Guidelines for auditing management systems

1
 ISO 14001 is the standard
that gives the
requirements for an
environmental management
system.

ISO 14001 is the only standard in the ISO 14000

family that can be used for certification.

2
 PDCA

Plan Do Check Act

Continual Improvement

Environmental
Management
Policy
Review

Checking & Corrective Planning

Action
Implementation &
Control

PDCA

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 ISO 14001
• Follow a Plan-Do-Check-Act approach.
– Plan - Establish the objectives and processes
needed to deliver the results (in line with the
EMS).
– Do - Implement the needed processes of the EMS.
– Check - Check the processes against the policy,
objectives, targets, regulations, and report on the
results. (Auditing)
– Act - Take actions that will continually improve the
EMS.

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 ISO 14001 Environmental Standard v2004
4.1 General Requirements

4.2 Environmental Policy

4.3 Planning
– Environmental aspects
– Legal and other requirements
– Objectives, Targets and Programs

4.4. Implementation and Operation

– Resources, Roles, Responsibilities and Authority
– Competence, Training and Awareness
– Communication
– Documentation
– Controls of documents
– Operational control
– Emergency Preparedness and Response

4.5 Checking
– Monitoring and Measurement
– Evaluation of compliance
– Nonconformity, Corrective action and Preventive action
– Control of records
– Internal audit

4.6. Management Review

The ISO 14001 EMS Model

3.2 Continual Improvement
4.2 Define Policy 3.18 Prevention of Pollution

Products,
Services, and 4.3.1 Identify Aspects
Activities

PD C A
4.3.2 Legal Requirements 4.3.3 Identify Objectives
Targets and Programs

4.4 Implementation 4.4.1 Resources, Roles,

responsibility and authority
and Operation 4.4.2 Competence, Training &
Awareness
4.4.3 Communication
4.5.1 Monitoring & Measurement
4.5 Checking 4.4.4 Documentation
4.5.2 Preventive & Corrective Action
4.4.5 Document Control
4.5.3 Records
4.4.6 Operational Control
4.5.4 EMS Audit
4.4.7 Emergency Preparedness

4.6 Management Review

ISO 14001 : 2004

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS –
REQUIREMENTS WITH GUIDANCE FOR USE

ISO 14004 : 2004

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS - GENERAL GUIDELINES
ON PRINCIPLES, SYSTEMS AND
SUPPORT TECHNIQUES

5
 ISO 14001 : 2015
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS –
REQUIREMENTS WITH GUIDANCE FOR USE
(Second revision)
(ISO14001:2015, IDT)

ISO 14004 : 2017

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS - GENERAL GUIDELINES ON
IMPLEMENTATION
(Second revision)
(ISO 14001:2016, IDT)

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 ISO 14001

vs

ISO 14004

specifies requirement

The ISO 14001:2004 standard contains the

actual requirements (that can be
objectively audited) that an organization has
to comply with to become certified to the ISO
14000 standard.

The “:2004” designation

indicates that the standard was
last revised in the year 2004

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 provides guidance

ISO 14004:2004 contains guidelines on the

elements of an EMS, its implementation and the
principles involved.

contains:
• examples,
• descriptions and options,
• as well as practical advice,

that will aid in both the implementation of,

or enhancement of an Environmental
Management System.

14004
“emphasis on practical information based on
user experience”

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 Product oriented
Evaluation and support tools
Audit tools for
organization
Management
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
system Description of environmental
Environmental performance of product
Performance
ISO 14001 (EMS)
Evaluation (EPE) Environmental Labels (EL)
Description of environmental guidance for use
Information about
performance of organization environmental aspect of
product

Environmental
ISO 14004 (EMS)
on principles, systems Environmental
Auditing (EA)
& support techniques aspects in product design
Information about performance
and development
of the environmental
Improvement of environmental
management system
performance of products

Environmental Environmental Management

Communication Vocabulary

AUDITING STANDARD
ISO 19011:2011
Guidelines for auditing
management systems

ISO 19011:2011 provides

guidance on the conduct of
internal or external management
system audits, as well as on the
management of audit programmes.

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 Intended users of ISO
19011:2011 include:
auditors,
audit team leaders,
audit programme
managers, organizations
implementing
management systems, and
organizations needing to
conduct audits of
management systems for
contractual or
regulatory reasons.

Environmental Performance Evaluation

Environmental Performance Evaluation

(EPE) (ISO 14031; ISO/TR 14032)

An internal management process that

provides information to facilitate
management decisions regarding an
organization’s environmental
performance

The basic idea of EPE is to identify

indicators (environmental, operational and
management) which can be measured and
tracked to facilitate continuous
improvements.

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EPE Indicator

Environmental Environmental
performance condition
indicators (EPIs) indicators (ECIs)
Management
performance
indicators (MPIs)

Operational
performance
indicators (OPIs)

EPE Indicator

policy, people, planning

activities, practice, procedures,
decisions and actions in the
Environmental Environmental
organization
performance condition
indicators (EPIs) indicators (ECIs)
Management
Provide information about the local,
performance
regional, national or global
indicators (MPIs)of the environment
condition

Operational inputs, the supply of inputs, the

performance design, installation, operation
indicators (OPIs) and maintenance of the physical
facilities and equipment, outputs
and their delivery

Plan-Do-Check-Act Model: ISO 14031

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Benefit of EPE

Better understanding of an
organization’s impacts on the
environment

Benefit of EPE

Providing a basis for

benchmarking management,
operational and environmental
performance,

Benefit of EPE

Identifying opportunities for

improving efficiency of
energy and resource usage

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Benefit of EPE
Determining whether
environmental objectives
and targets are being met,

Benefit of EPE

Demonstrating compliance
with regulations,

Benefit of EPE

Increasing the awareness

of employees

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Environmental Audit

Environmental Audit

Life Cycle Assessment

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Life Cycle Assessment

Life-cycle analysis (LCA) is a method in

which the energy and raw material
consumption, different types of emissions
and other important factors related to a
specific product are being measured,
analyzed and summoned over the products
entire life cycle from an environmental point
of view.

Life-Cycle Analysis attempts to measure the

“cradle to grave” impact on the ecosystem.

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 Life Cycle Assessment
An industrial environmental management approach to
look holistically at products, processes, and activities.

End-of-Life Raw Material

Management Acquisition

Reuse
Recycling

Use/Maintenance Production

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46

ISO 14042
ISO 14041 ISO 14043

ISO 14040

Created in 1997-2000
Revised in 2006

Generally, a LCA consists of four main activities:

1. Goal definition (ISO 14040):
The basis and scope of the evaluation are defined.

2. Inventory Analysis (ISO 14041):

Create a process tree in which all processes from raw material
extraction through waste water treatment are mapped out and
connected and mass and energy balances are closed (all
emissions and consumptions are accounted for).

3. Impact Assessment (ISO 14042):

Emissions and consumptions are translated into environmental
effects. The are environmental effects are grouped and weighted.

4. Improvement Assessment/Interpretation (ISO 14043):

Areas for improvement are identified.

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 Life Cycle Stages
Product System
• Raw Material Boundary
Acquisition
Natural
Air
• Material Resources
Processing Emissions

Water
• Production
Effluents
Recycling

• Use and Solid

Maintenance Waste
Reuse

• End-of-Life

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Study Boundary

Cradle-to-Gate Studies

Air
Cradle-to-gate Emissions
boundaries – excluding
downstream activities Water
past product Natural Effluents
manufacture – can be Resources
called an LCA BUT Solid
claims must relate to Waste
what was studied and
Recycling

not be overstated.
Such studies are
helpful in improving the
product supply chain
Reuse

but may miss important

impacts that occur at
end of life.
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Study boundary

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 ISO 14042
Impact assessment

ISO 14041 ISO 14043

Inventory analysis Intepretation

ISO 14040
Goal and
scope definition

Life cycle assessment framework

Goal
and scope
definition

Direct applications:
- Product development
and improvement

- Strategic planning
Inventory
analysis Interpretation - Public policy making

- Marketing

- Other

Impact
assessment

Process Materials, Reagents,

Solvents &Catalysts (including
reuse & recycle fromanother stage)
Energy

Product Material
Inputs (including
reuse & recycle from Reuse/Recycle
another stage) Single Stage or Unit
Operation
Primary Product

Useful Co-product
Fugitive &
Untreated
Waste Waste
Reuse/Recycle

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 A Coffee Machine’s

Example: Simplified Process Tree for a Coffee

Machine’s Life-Cycle
coffee poly-
bean paper styrene aluminium sheet steel glas

roasting filter pro- injection stamping

duction moulding extrusion forming forming

assembly
+ transport

packaging
electricity

use
water

disposal of disposal in
filters + coffee municipal
in org. waste waste

Benefit of LCA
Examines system-wide
effects (cradle-to-grave)

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Benefit of LCA

Analyzes
multi-media
(air, water, waste, etc.)

Analyzes
Benefit of LCA multi-attributes
(all impacts)

Benefit of LCA

Helps identify trade-offs

among alternatives

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Benefit of LCA

Identifies opportunities for

improvement

Benefit of LCA

Supports environmental
decision making

Benefit of LCA

Provides the cornerstone

of Sustainability

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 Benefit of LCA
• Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and
material inputs and environmental releases;
• Evaluating the potential impacts associated
with identified inputs and releases;
• Interpreting the results to help make a more
informed decision.

Environmental Labeling

Environmental Labeling

Any printed label on a package or product that

provides environmental information regarding
recycled content, recyclability, reduced packaging etc.

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 Environmental Labeling
• Environmental Label or Declaration:

claim indicating the environmental attributes of a

product or service that may take the form of
statements, symbols or graphics
(ISO 14020)

The term “environmental labeling” covers a broad

range of activities from business-to-business
transfers of product-specific environmental
information to environmental labeling in retail
markets.

Labels serve a variety of purposes and target a

number of different audiences.

Why an Eco-labelling Standard?

• About 30 Eco-labelling schemes confusion and
possible barriers to trade.

• Proliferation of signs and symbols not

understood by consumers.

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 Environmental labels and
declarations
• International standards developed by ISO/TC
207/SC 3
• ISO 14020 General principles – published 1998
• ISO 14021 Self declared environmental claims -
Published 1999
• ISO 14024 Type I Environmental labelling– Guiding
principles and procedures - Published 1999
• ISO14025 Type III Environmental declarations -
Published 1999

Who can use an Eco-label ?

• Consumers to obtain information and
guidance to buy “green” products

• Retailers to choose environmentally sound

products

• Manufacturers are stimulated to produce

green products

Objective of Eco-label
The overall goal of environmental labels … is, through
communication of verifiable and accurate information
… on environmental aspects, to encourage the demand
for and supply of those products and services that
cause less stress on the environment, thereby
stimulating the potential for market driven continuous
environmental improvement.
(ISO 14020)

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General Principles of Eco-labelling
1. Accurate, verifiable, relevant and non-deceptive
information e-g. % of recycled material, recyclable
package or product, non-trivial aspects)
2. Eco-label criteria should not create unnecessary
trade barriers
3. Based on scientific methodology
4. Should consider life cycle of product
5. Eco-labels shall not inhibit innovation
(ISO 14020)

General Principles of Eco-labelling

6. Accessible to all manufacturers with no unduly high
costs, complexity or administrative demands
7. Criteria developed openly by consensus with
participation of stakeholders
8. Information on environmental aspects should be
available to all purchasers
9. Information concerning methodology and criteria
used to support eco-labels and declarations
available to interested parties
(ISO 14020)

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 Environmental labeling programs can be
characterized as positive, negative, or neutral.

Positive labeling programs typically certify that labeled

products possess one or more environmentally
preferable attributes.

Negative labeling warns consumers about the harmful or

hazardous ingredients contained in the labeled products.

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Neutral labeling programs simply summarize environmental
information about products that can be interpreted by
consumers as part of their purchasing
decisions.

Environmental labeling is to
promote environmental
improvement by encouraging
consumers to choose products and
services considered to be
environmentally
preferable.

Type I Environmental
labeling

Type II Self-declared environmental

claims

Type III Environmental

declarations

The ISO 14020 family covers

three types of labelling schemes

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 Type I Type II Type III
Environmental Self-declared Environmental
labeling environmental declarations
claims
Information Qualitative Qualitative / Quantitative
quantitative

Range Special products All products and All products and

services services

Quality check Verification of eco- None Third-party

labeling body certification

Receiver Consumers Consumers/ Professional

professional purchasers
purchasers

Series Description Application

ISO 14020 Environmental Labeling: Sets out nine general principles

General Principles
that apply not only to labeling
schemes but to all
environmental claims,
designed to promote accurate,
verifiable and relevant
information

ISO 14021 Environmental Labels and Sets out requirements for Type
Declarations: Self-Declaration II labels, i.e. environmental
Environmental Claims, Terms claims made for goods and
and Definitions services by the producer

ISO 14022 Environmental Labels and Promotes the standardization

Declarations: Self-Declaration of terms and symbols used in
Environmental Claims, environmental claims, e.g.
Symbols 'recycled content'

Series Description Application

ISO 14023 Environmental Labels and (Currently under review)

Declarations: Self-Declaration
Environmental Claims, Testing
and Verification

ISO 14024 Environmental Labels and Provides guidance on

Declarations: Environmental developing programmes that
Labeling Type I, Guiding verify the environmental
Principles and Procedures attributes of a product via a
seal of approval.

ISO/TR 14025 Addresses Type III schemes, Guidance on technical,

formatting and administrative
issues.

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 Benefit of EL

Informing consumer choice

An environmental labeling
makes the customer more
aware of the benefits of
certain products

Benefit of EL

Promoting
economic
efficiency

Benefit of EL

Stimulating market development

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 Benefit of EL

Encouraging continuous
improvement

Environmental
Aspects in
Product
Standards

Standards which take

environmental requirements into
account for the whole life cycle
of products, processes and
services can contribute to
improving the environment.

To play a larger role in protecting the

environment

Make systematic use of tools which help

integrate environmental aspects into
standardization

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Every product has some
impact on the
environment.

These impacts
may occur at any
or all stages of the
product's life cycle
and can be local,
regional or global,
or a combination
of all three.

How product standard can reduce Environmental impact?

1. Methodologies for reduction of environmental impact

2. Optimised process control

3. Substitution of environmentally hazardous substances

4. Including recycling In product development

5. Used recycle material

6. Cleaning of discharge

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