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NIVEL RED
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Router
Protocolo TCP
TCP TCP
Router
Protocolo IP Protocolo IP
IP IP IP
Protocolo Protocolo
ETHERNET TOKEN RING TOKEN RING
ETHERNET
ETHERNET TOKEN RING
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
Funciones de la capa red
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
Enrutamiento de paquetes
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
Determinación de la ruta
¿Cuál ruta?
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
Direccionamiento de la red
5
2 9
6 8
4
10 11
1 3
7
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
Direcciones — Red y Nodo
Red Nodo
1 1
2.1
2
3 1.2
3 1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
Ejemplos de direcciones
General 1 1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
Enrutamiento de paquetes
X Y
C
C
A
A
X Y
C
C
A
A
Host X B Host Y
Application Application
Presentation Presentation
Session Router A Router B Router C Session
Transport Transport
Network Network Network Network Network
Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link Data Link
Physical Physical Physical Physical Physical
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
Tabla de enrutamiento de un router
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
Tabla de enrutamiento de un host
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
Protocolos enrutados y protocolos de enrutamiento
• Protocolos
enrutados usados
entre routers para
dirigir el tráfico
de usuario
Ejemplos: IP, IPX
Network Destination Exit Port
Protocol Network to Use
Protocol Name 1.0 1.1
2.0 2.1
3.0 3.1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
Protocolos enrutados y protocolos de enrutamiento
• Protocolos
enrutados usados
entre routers para
dirigir el tráfico
de usuario
Ejemplos: IP, IPX
• Protocolos de
enrutamiento usados •
entre routers para
mantener las tablas
de rutas
Ejemplos: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
Rutas dinámicas versus estáticas
Ruta estática
Es una ruta que un administrador
de red ingresa en el router
Ruta Dinámica
Es una ruta que un protocolo de
enrutamiento ajusta automáticamente
a los cambios de la topología o del tráfico
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
Ruta estática
Conexión
punto a punto o
A
A circuitos conmutados
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
Configuración de una ruta estática
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
Ejemplo de ruta estática
Stub Network
172.16.1.0
SO
Network A B
B
172.16.2.2 172.16.2.1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
Ejemplo de ruta estática
Stub Network
172.16.1.0
SO
Network
10.0.0.0 A B
B
172.16.2.2 172.16.2.1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
Ejemplo de ruta estática
Stub Network
172.16.1.0
SO
Network
10.0.0.0 A BB
172.16.2.2 172.16.2.1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
Adaptación a cambios en la topología
A
A B
B
D
D C
C
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
Adaptación a cambios en la topología
A
A B
B
X
D
D C
C
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
Adaptación a cambios en la topología
A
A B
B
X
D
D C
C
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
Enrutamiento de LAN a LAN
Network 2
Host 4 Network 3
Host 5
Token
E1 Ring
Network 1 E0 To0
Routing Table
Destination Outgoing
Network Interface
1 E0
2 To0
3 E1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
Enrutamiento de LAN a LAN
Routing Table
Destination Outgoing
Network Interface
1 E0
2 To0
3 E1
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
Enrutamiento de LAN a WAN
Data
A
A
A
Frame
WAN Relay
B
B
A 2.4
LAN
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
Enrutamiento de LAN a WAN
Data
B
B
A 2.4
LAN
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
Enrutamiento de LAN a WAN
Data
Data
12985_08_2006_c2 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29