Bio-Signal Processing

Dr. Faraz Akram

faraz.akram@riphah.edu.pk
The Inverse 𝓏-Transform

2
The Inverse 𝓏-Transform
1) Inspection method
2) Power series expansion/long division
3) Partial Fraction Expansion

3
1. Inspection Method
Make use of known z-transform pairs such as

𝑛
𝕫 𝑧
𝑎 𝑢𝑛 ; 𝑧 > |𝑎|
𝑧−𝑎

𝕫 𝑧
−𝑎𝑛 𝑢 −𝑛 − 1 ; 𝑧 < |𝑎|
𝑧−𝑎

𝕫
𝛿𝑛 1

𝕫 𝑧
𝑢𝑛 ; 𝑧 > |1|
𝑧−1
3) Power Series Expansion

5
Power Series Expansion
• Consider z-transform of a causal sequence:
z 2 −1
X ( z) = 3
z + 2z + 4

Solution:
z −1 + 0 z −2 − 3 z −3 − 4 z −4
z 3 + 2z + 4 z 2 − 1
z 2 + 2 + 4 z −1
− 3 − 4 z −1
−3 − 6 z − 2 − 12 z −3
− 4 z −1 + 6 z − 2 + 12 z −3
− 4 z −1 − 8 z −3 − 16 z − 4
6 z − 2 + 20 z −3 + 16 z − 4

 X ( z ) = z −1 + 0 z −2 − 3 z −3 − 4 z −4 + ...
 x[ n] = 0 [ n] + 1 [n − 1] − 3 [n − 3] − 4 [ n − 4] + ...
Power Series Expansion
While obtaining the long division, remember the
following instructions

Incase of anti-causal sequence: (|𝓏| < a, or x[n] for n<0)

Carryout the long division by writing the polynomials
starting with the most negative term on the left.

Incase of causal sequence (|𝓏| > a, or x[n] for n>0)

Carryout the long division starting with the most
positive term on the left.

Note:
Always convert the given expression in simplest form.
As far as possible it should be in the form of 1 divided by some polynomial
Example
Example
Determine inverse z transform of

𝑧2
𝑧 < 0.5
0.5 − 1.5𝑧 + 𝑧 2
 2) Partial Fraction Expansion
Partial fraction expansion is performed whenever we want to
represent a complicated fraction as a sum of simpler fractions.

a) Eliminate negative powers

b) Write in the form if x(z)/z

c) Find values of A’s

11
Example
Next……….
Next……….

Analysis of LTI Systems using z-

Transform

15