Data and Observations

Table 1: Determination of Average Velocity of a Dynamics Cart

Position of Photogate 1 = 25 cm

Trial Position of Photogate 2 Cart’s Displacement Time (t) Average Speed

(Timer’s Rdg)
1 65 cm 40 cm 0.7308 s 54.7345 cm/s
2 75 cm 50 cm 0.7409 s 67.4854 cm/s
3 85 cm 60 cm 1.0250 s 58.4795 cm/s
4 95 cm 70 cm 1.5876 s 44.0917 cm/s
5 105 cm 80 cm 1.2843 s 62.7907 cm/s

Part A. Position versus time

120

100

80
Position (cm)

60

40

20

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
Time (s)

Table1: As the position increases, time also increases.

Table 2: Determination of Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Cart’s Acceleration

Cart’s Initial Position = 18 cm Track’s total length, L = 120 cm

Cart’s Final Position = 80 cm Total Displacement = 62 cm

Trial Height of Track Acceleration (a) 𝐻 𝑎 2𝑋

sin 𝜃 = 𝑔= Time = √
(H) (Timer’s Rdg) 𝐿 sin 𝜃 𝑎
1 5 cm 40.2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 0.0417 964.0288 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 1.7563 s
2 7 cm 55.1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 0.0583 945.1115 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 1.5002 s
3 9 cm 74.6 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 0.0750 994.6667 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 1.2893 s
4 11 cm 92. 8 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 0.0917 1011.9956 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 1.1559 s
5 13 cm 103.1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 0.1083 1016.6205 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 1.0967 s
 Part B. Acceleration versus sin 𝜃
120

100
Acceleration (𝑐𝑚/𝑠^2)

80

60

40

20

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
sin 𝜃

Table 2: As acceleration increases, 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 also increases.

Table 3: Determination of Acceleration Due to Gravity Using Picket Fence and Smart Timer

Trial 1 2 3 4 5 Average %error

Acceleration (a) 985.2 969.0 1000.2 965.5 1002.5 984.48 0.4571
(Timer’s Rdg)

4.2 Sample Computations

TABLE 1

𝑋𝑂 = 25 𝑐𝑚

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4

𝑋𝑓 = 65 𝑐𝑚, t = 0.7308 𝑋𝑓 = 75 𝑐𝑚, t = 0.7409 𝑋𝑓 = 85 𝑐𝑚, t = 1.0250 𝑋𝑓 = 95 𝑐𝑚, t = 1.5876

∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑂 ∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑂 ∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑂 ∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑂

= 65 – 25 = 75 – 25 = 85 – 25 = 95 – 25

= 40 cm = 50 cm = 60 cm = 70 cm

𝑋 𝑋 𝑋 𝑋
𝑣̅ = 𝑣̅ = 𝑣̅ = 𝑣̅ =
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
40 50 60 70
= = = =
0.7308 0.7409 1.0250 1.5676

𝟓𝟒. 𝟕𝟑𝟒𝟓 𝒄𝒎/𝒔 𝟔𝟕. 𝟒𝟖𝟓𝟒 𝒄𝒎/𝒔 𝟓𝟖. 𝟒𝟕𝟗𝟓 𝒄𝒎/𝒔 𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟗𝟏𝟕 𝒄𝒎/𝒔
Trial 5

𝑋𝑓 = 105 𝑐𝑚, t = 1.2843

∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑂

= 105 – 25

= 80 cm
𝑋
𝑣̅ =
𝑡
80
=
1.2843
𝟔𝟐. 𝟕𝟗𝟎𝟕 𝒄𝒎/𝒔

TABLE 2 Trial 2
𝑋𝑂 = 18 cm L = 120 cm H = 7 cm a = 55.1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑋𝑓 = 80 cm ∆𝑋 = 𝑋 = 62 cm 𝐻 𝑎
sin 𝜃 𝑔=
𝐿 sin 𝜃
7 55.1
sin 𝜃 = 𝑔=
120 0.0583
Trial 1
sin 𝜃 = 0.0583 𝒈 = 𝟗𝟒𝟓. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐
H = 5 cm a = 40.2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2
2𝑋
Time = √
𝐻 𝑎 𝑎
sin 𝜃 𝑔=
𝐿 sin 𝜃
2(62)
5 40.2 Time = √
55.1
sin 𝜃 = 𝑔=
120 0.0417
Time = 1.5002 s
sin 𝜃 = 0.0417 𝒈 = 𝟗𝟔𝟒. 𝟎𝟐𝟖𝟖 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐

2𝑋 Trial 3
Time = √
𝑎
H = 9 cm a = 74.6 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2
2(62)
Time = √ 𝐻 𝑎
40.2
sin 𝜃 𝑔=
𝐿 sin 𝜃
Time = 1.7563 s
9 74.6
sin 𝜃 = 𝑔=
120 0.0750
sin 𝜃 = 0.0750 𝒈 = 𝟗𝟗𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐

2𝑋
Time = √
𝑎

2(62)
Time = √
74.6

Time = 1.2893 s
 Trial 4 Trial 5

H = 11 cm a = 92.8 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 H = 13 cm a = 103.1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2

𝐻 𝑎 𝐻 𝑎
sin 𝜃 𝑔= sin 𝜃 𝑔=
𝐿 sin 𝜃 𝐿 sin 𝜃
11 92.8 13 103.1
sin 𝜃 = 𝑔= sin 𝜃 = 𝑔=
120 0.0917 120 0.1083
sin 𝜃 = 0.0917 𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟓𝟔 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐 sin 𝜃 = 0.1083 𝒈 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟐𝟎𝟓 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐

2𝑋 2𝑋
Time = √ Time = √
𝑎 𝑎

2(62) 2(62)
Time = √ Time = √
92.8 103.1

Time = 1.1559 s Time = 1.0967 s

Accepted Value: 𝑔 = 980 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2

Average
𝑔1 + 𝑔2 + 𝑔3 + 𝑔4 + 𝑔5
5
964.0288 + 945.1115 + 994.6667 + 1011.9956 + 1016.6205
𝟓
Average g = 𝟗𝟖𝟔. 𝟒𝟖𝟒𝟔 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐

TABLE 3

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

a = 985.2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 a = 969.0 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 a = 1000.2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 a = 965.5 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2 a = 1002.5 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 2

Average
𝑎1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑎3 + 𝑎4 + 𝑎5
5
985.2 + 969.0 + 1002.2 + 965.5 + 1002.5
𝟓
= 984.48 𝒄𝒎/𝒔𝟐
4.3 Calculations and Analysis of Error
TABLE 2
980 − 986.4846
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100%
980
% error = 0.6617

TABLE 3
980 − 984.48
%𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = | | × 100%
980
% error = 0.4571

4.4 Guide Questions

1. From the data obtained, what is the effect of the height of the track to the cart’s acceleration?

Based from the gathered data, the effect of the height of the track to the cart’s acceleration is evident. The higher
the height of the track, the higher the acceleration of the track.

2. From the data obtained, how is time, t related to the inclination of the track? Why?

Time and the angle of inclination’s relationship is indirectly proportional in such a way that as the angle of
inclination increases, so does the time it takes to move from one point to another decrease.

3. From the data obtained, how would you account the difference between the picket fence’s acceleration and
the value of g

Based on the data we gathered, the picket fence’s acceleration is close to the actual value of g which is 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
4. APPENDICES
4.1 Graphs, Figures and Tables

Figure 1: Dynamic Track and Dynamic Cart on-set for testing average velocity

Figure 2: Dynamic Track is inclined in an angle to test the Acceleration due to gravity using Cart’s Acceleration

Figure 3: Determining the Acceleration due to gravity using Picket Fence and Smart Timer