GALGOTIAS COLLEGE

OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY

MINOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS

SUBMITTED BY
ABHISHEK SINGH (0709731006)
VIVEK SINGH (0609731097)
SUMIT YADAV (1609731022)
NARENDRA YADAV (0709731065)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express a profound sense of
gratitude to our PROJECT COORDINATOR
PROFESSOR, Mr. R.L. YADAV for his valuable
guidance and support for carrying the work on
such an innovative idea of designing a project
on ‘MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ON FERRITE
SUBSTRATES’. We are thankful to him for his
gentle encouragement and pains; he took in
while guiding us through the completion of the
Minor Project.

We are also thankful to the entire staff of

Electronics & Communication Department
who classified our doubts & confusion even
during their busy hours in the college. It was a
great satisfying experience in carrying out our
bachelor degree in such a professional
organization where the process of learning is
never ending.
 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ON
FERRITE SUBSTRATES

 INTRODUCTION
Ferrite material is attractive for application in
microwave and millimetre wave integrated circuit
technologies due to its nonreciprocal material
properties. In addition, the applied dc magnetic field
changes the permeability tensor and thus the
electrical properties of the material. For microstrip
antenna elements on a ferrite substrate, it is possible
to change the antenna characteristics dynamically
without changing the operating frequency or the
hardware configuration. In this work, the method of
moments is employed to study the physical
phenomena of a printed dipole on a ferrite substrate.

 ABSTRACT
A rigorous moment method is used to find the
radiation properties of a centre-fed microstrip dipole
on a ferrite substrate. The radiation characteristics of
a microstrip dipole, including input impedance,
antenna gain radiation efficiency, as a function of
dipole size, frequency and ferrite material
characteristics are studied parametrically using a
moment method solution. It is demonstrated that the
bias magnetic field that the bias magnetic field may
dynamically change the antenna characteristics

 FORMULATION
The geometry of a microstrip on a ferrite substrate is
shown in the figure 1. The integral equation of the
pertinent problem is

On the strip dipole

(1)
where the dipole is oriented in the x direction. The
integral in the Eq. 1 is a surface integral over the
strip dipole. Gzz is the Green’s function
corresponding to the Ez component due to the µ
current source in the x direction. The spectral
component of this Greens function can be found in
(1).
I n the moment method procedure, the current on
the strip dipole is expanded in the piecewise modes
with a Maxwellian function as the transverse
dependence. Using a standard moment method
followed by a Galerkin’s procedure, where the
expansion and testing function are used, the integral
equation is converted into a matrix equation. The
impedance elements are in the form of

The numerical algorithm can be used to compute Zmn

 RESULT

Antenna characteristics of a printed dipole on a

ferrite substrate are studied through the example of
a ferrite substrate of a 0.8 mm in thickness,
saturation magnetization
µo Ms= 0.25 T, dielectric constant 12.6 and dipole
width 0.4 mm. The dipole resonant length versus
frequency is shown in fig. 2. The condition of
resonance is when the input is reactance is zero (0).
The star dotted line is for the isotropic case and the
solid line is for the case and the solid line is for the
case of a bias H field 0.225 T in the direction of the
strip dipole current. It is also observed that with the
applied bias, the resonant length increases. This
implies that the bias H field tends to increase the
effective wavelength of the structure. Radiation
efficiency as a function of a bias H field for a dipole
of 5 mm long is shown.
Radiation efficiency is defined as the ratio of total
power fed into the dipole.
For a lossless material, this lossless material, this
loss is due to surface waves. It is seen that the
increase of the bias H field increases radiation
efficiency monotonically.
In other words, the applied bias is capable of
reducing the surface waves.

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 1.J.L. TSALAMENGAS AND N.K.
UZUNOGLU,---- “RADIATION FROM
A DIPOLE IN THE PROXIMITY OF A
GENERAL ANISOTROPIC GROUND
LAYER”

2.H.Y. YANG,A.NAKATANI, & J.A.

CASTANDA,--- -“EFFICIENT
EVALUATION OF SPECTRAL
INTEGRAL IN THE MOMENT
METHOD SOLUTION OF MICROSTRIP
ANTENNAS AND CIRCUIT”