1.

Discuss the importance of the advisory opinion of the international Court

of justice
2. Distinguish between territorial asylum and extra-territorial asylum
3. Discuss the role of the National Human Rights Commission in promotion
of Human Rights education.
4. Briefly discuss the functions of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human
Rights.
5. International law is a law but a weak law as compared to municipal law.
Comment.
6. “ Distinction between de factor and de jure recognition is essentially
political rather than legal”. Comment and discuss the impact of the so
called Estrada doctrine on the recognition of government.
7. Define nationality and discuss the modes of acquiring nationality
8. Discuss the composition and functions of the Economic and Social
Council
9. Discuss the organization and structure of WTO Dispute Settlement
Mechanisms and examine its role in the development of international
trade law.
10. The purpose of the law of human rights is to ensure that
individuals are protected from the excesses of state and government”.
Elaborate this statement.
11. The substance of the rights guaranteed under the International
Covenant on Ecomomic and Social Rights is diffuse and obligations that
the covenant imposes are less specific’. Elaborate this statement.
12. The recognition of women’s rights as human rights is a historic
development in the history of human rights movement. Comment.
13. Explain the concept of ‘minority rights” and discuss the steps that
United Nations has taken for the protection of these rights.
14. While referring to recommendation of the systematic National
Human Rights Commission, in respect of reforms evaluate its role in the
protection of human right.
15. Who are minorities and how the minorities get protection of their
human rights under international law.
16. It is too late to deny the character of International law. But in the
present state of affairs, it is tragically ineffective.” Critically examine this
statement.
17. The General Assembly has become more powerful than the
security council of the United Nations”. Do you agree with this view? Give
reasons.
18. Trace the development of International law relating to sovereignty
over the airspace. Explain the scope of legal control of use and abuse of
outer space.
19. Is the threat of use of nuclear weapons in any circumstances
permitted under international law? Answer the question in the light of
the Advisory Opinion of the I.C.J. July 1996.
20. What will be the eclipsing reach of the proposals in the WTO and
the GATT Final Act on the municipal law in India? Discuss.
21. Human Rights have emerged and developed on account of the
outcome of World War II. Critically examine this statement.
22. Most of the democratic countries of the globe have incorporated
civil and political rights in their Constitutions. However, cultural rights
have invariably been ignored. Discuss.
23. Discuss the progressive development of human rights under the
ageies of the United Nations.
24. How far the National Human Rights Commission has upheld the
aspirations of Common man?
25. What are the human rights of children under the International Bill
of Human Rights? To what extent children have been protected of their
human rights in India.
26. What are the mechanisms to enforce the decision of the
International Court of Justice?
27. Critically examine the role played by United Nations Organisation
in the development of Human Rights?
28. Explain the “ incorporation and Transformation’ theories of
application of International law into the municipal sphere.
29. Briefly describe the measures taken at the international level
relating to the promotion of women’s rights.
30. Explain the significance of customary international law.
31. Examine the scope of treatment of aliens by a state.
32. Trace the development of the global Trade regime. How far this
regime protects India’s interests?
33. Critically examine the concept of minorities under the
International Human Rights Mechanism.
34. How far the United Nations succeded in achieving the concept of
social justice in removing gap between the rich and poor nations through
Human Right Jurisprudence.
35. Discuss in detail the contribution of India in the development of
Human Right Jurisprudence.
36. Elucidate the attempts made at International Level for the
protection of rights of the Girl child.
37. What are Human Rights? Describe the philosophy of Human
Rights.
38. When individual petition are held inadmissible by the Human
Rights Committee?
39. What is the underlying philosophy of the convention on the Rights
of the Child, 1989?
40. ‘The concept of sovereignty has lost much of its relevance in the
era of globalization and communication technologies’ Comment.
41. Ubi Societate lex is the appropriate basis of international law in the
era of increasing interdependence of nation state. In this backdrop
discuss the theories relating to the basis of International law.
42. ‘ Recognition is not a constitutive but a declaration act’. Elucidate
this statement and enumerate the consequences of recognition.
43. Distinguish between collective security and collective self defence
and discuss the reasons for the failures of the U.N. Collective security
system in the recent crisis.
44. Although the role of International Court of justice in the settlement
of dispute has been marginal it has undoubtedly played significant role
in the progressive development of international law. Elucidate this
statement with the help of the judgements and advisory opinions of the
International Court of Justice.
45. The cornerstone of U.N. activity in the field of human rights has
been without doubt the Universal Declaration of Human Rights’.
Comment.
46. Discuss the organization and functions of the Human Rights
committee. Is it correct to say that Human Rights Committee is not court
with binding decisions?
47. Discuss the organization and functions of the National Human
Rights Commission. Is the appointment of a former CBI officer is a
member of the National Human Rights Commission legal on and
justified.
48. The global recognition of women rights as human rights marks a
radical departure from the traditional thinking on human rights’.
Comment.
49. Discuss the attempts made at the international level for the
protection of the rights of the child
50. Amendment in the protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 is over
due.
51. Discuss the concept of generation of Human Rights.
52. Discuss the principle of non-refoulment.
53. ‘Interntional law is gradually becoming the global law of human
kind’. Comment.
54. Discuss the rights and duties of refugees under International Law.
55. ‘Recent unilateral military actions have given a mortal blow to
Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter’. Comment.
56. Critically examine the status of treaties and international customs
under the Indian Municipal law.
57. Discuss the organization and structure of World trade
Organisation
58. Human rights are universal, interdependent and interconnected.
All human rights should be treated on the footing of equality’. Elaborate
this statement.
59. ‘Best interest of the child and the first call for child are the
cardinal principles of the International regime for the protection of the
Rights of the Child. Elaborate the statement.
60. Critically examine the role of the United Nation and its specialized
agencies in the protection of human rights
61. Discuss the function of the National Human rights Commission
62. Discuss the measures and mechanisms for the implementation of
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
63. Role of United Nations in the Unipolar World Order.
Q. What is the status of customary International law in India? Compare
the Indian practice with the practice of the U.K. in this regard.

Oldest source

Qualified practice

Legal obligation

Practices and usages of nation

Recognition by community

Practice by most states

Westlake: line of conduct society consented

Sufficient duration

Habit or usage

Usage originating in Roman law

Usage: uniformity, consistency

Maritime honours for diplomatic envoys

Violation discourteous inequitious

Breach illegal act

Claim for reparation for injured

Starke: usage initial stage of custom

International Court of Justice in Asylum case:

Parties relies on custom must prove binding on other party

North Sea Continental Shelf Case

Not only settled practice

Practice to be obligatory

Young Jacob and Johanna, Lord Stowell:

Period of 100 years

Immemorial practice

Custom in short time

Circumstance of the case

Concept of continental shelf in 1945

Custom in 1958

Sovereignty in outer space

Long time but not custom

Diplomatic asylum

ICJ in Asylum case:

Not custom

Substantial uniformity

Anglo Norwegian Fisheries case

Ten mile rule for bays refused

Generality:

West Rand Central Gold mining co. Ltd. V R

Generally accepted

Depends upon pronouncement of foreign offices, statement of writers and

publicists and decisions of international tribunals and those of prize courts
and municipal courts.

Q. Define Regugee and discuss the salient features of the International

refugee protection regime.

United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951

Definition:

A person who ( according to the formal definition in article 1A of this

Convention), owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of
race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group , or political
opinion is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or owing to
such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country.

Expanded—Convention 1967 protocol and by regional conventions in Africa

and Latin America.

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Headquarter Geneva,

Office- Switzerland

December 14, 1950

All refugees under UNHCR except Palestinian Arabs

Fled future jewish state 1947 and 1948

After 1948 under UNHCR

Protection to displaced, asylum seeker

Stateless people, internally displaced people

Succeeded International Refugee Organisation

UNHCR awarded nobel peace prize in 1954

Mission in Columbia , Democratic Republic of the Congo, Serbia, and

Montenegro

Under international law

Outside country of nationality of habitual residence

Fear of persecution

Unable to avail protection

Both customary law and peremptory norms

1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or Geneva

convention

1967 protocol relating to the Status of Refugees

1969 OAU Convention governing the specific aspects of Refugee problems in

Africa.
Q. Discuss the role and functions of Human Rights Commission and the
U.N. Human Rights Commissioner.