Department of Education

Region III

Division of Mabalacat

MAUAQUE HIGH SCHOOL (Rest. School)

Sapang Biabas, Mabalacat City

Used Cooking Oil as an Additive Component Of Candles

_____________________________________________

A Science Investigatory Project

By:

Santos, Kyle Adam P.

2019
 ABSTRACT

This study tries to find out the feasibility of the used cooking oil as an
additive component of candle. This study aims to produce a low-priced but high-
quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component.

The researcher would like to test the feasibility of cooking oil.

The following materials: 1/3 cup cooking oil/used oil, 3 Tbsp. Salt, 1 cotton ball, 2
inch. Match, lighter, and 1 glass jar, the researcher conducted the experiment. Put
3 tablespoons of salt inside the glass. Press it to level the salt into place. Then
Pour the cooking oil into the glass of salt. After that Insert the match in the
middle of the glass, this will serve as the candle wick. The salt will stabilize the
match into position. Then Loop the cotton around a piece of stick. And Finally
Light up the match with a lighter. You could also use another match to light up
the other. Now you have a candle made from items found in the kitchen. It will
last longer than a candle and is much safer to use.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

T it l e Pa ge… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …… … … … … … … … … … …… … … … .… ..i

Abstract….…………………………..…………………………………..………...…….…..ii

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………….….iii

Introduction

Background of the Study………………………………….…………….……..1

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………..1

H y p o t h e s e s… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . .… … … … … .… 2

Significance of the Study………………………………………………......….2

Scope and Limitation………………………………..…………………….…….3

Research Plan: Materials and Methods

Experimental Design Treatment…...…………..…..……………..…….………...3

Materials Used in the Study…………………………………………….................4

Collection and Data Gathering Procedure……………………………………....4

Results and Discussion………………………………………………………………...6

Conclusion………………………………………………...……………………………….….6

Recommendation…………………………………………………………………….……6

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………….…………..7

REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………..…...8

TIME TABLE……………………………………………………..…………………...……..9
 INTRODUCTION

A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid

substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. A
candle can also provide heat, or be used as a method of keeping time. The candle
can be used during the event of a power outage to provide light.

Cooking oil is plant, animal, or synthetic fat used in frying, baking, and
other types of cooking. It is also used in food preparation and flavoring not
involving heat, such as salad dressings and bread dips, and in this sense might be
more accurately termed edible oil. Different types of Coking oil are: Avocado oil,
Mustard oil, Palm oil, Peanut oil (marketed as "groundnut oil" in the UK and
India), Rice bran oil, Safflower oil, Semi-refined sesame oil, and Semi-refined
sunflower oil.

Salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical

compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as
a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast
quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent. The open ocean
has about 35 grams (1.2 oz) of solids per liter of sea water, a salinity of 3.5%.

Salt is essential for life in general, and saltiness is one of the basic human
tastes. Salt is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous food seasonings, and salting is
an important method of food preservation.

Cotton balls are small balls of cotton that can be used for a variety of
purposes (such as removing makeup or cleaning a wound) and that is usually
used once and then thrown away.

A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small
wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited
by frictional heat generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. The
coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active
ingredients and binder; often colored for easier inspection. There are two main
types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially
prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional
surface can be used.

A lighter is a portable device used to create a flame, and to ignite a variety

of combustible materials, such as cigars, gas stoves, fireworks, candles or
cigarettes. It consists of a metal or plastic container filled with a flammable fluid
or pressurized liquid gas, a means of ignition to produce the flame, and some

provision for extinguishing the flame.

A glass jar is used in home canning to preserve food or as a spare container

for many different objects. This is common in the making of cooking oil candles.

Background of the Study

Today, candles are made not only for lighting purposes but for many other
uses such as home decor, novelty collections, as fixtures for big occasions such as
weddings, baptismal, birthdays, etc. and as scented varieties for aromatherapy.
Cooking oil is a major kitchen item in Filipino households. It is also used
substantially in fast-food outlets, where it used in different stages of food
preparations. Ordinarily, used cooking oil is discarded. This waste oil pollutes
and clogs canals and sewerage systems.

Statement of the Problem

This study tries to find out the feasibility of the used cooking oil as an
additive component of candle. This study aims to produce a low-priced but high-
quality candle by using used cooking oil as a major component.

This study aims to answer the following questions:

*What would be the candle compositions to be used?

 *What would be the procedure in making the candle?

Hypotheses

It is feasible to make candles out of used cooking oil. Candles out of used
cooking oil can be comparable to candles out of paraffin wax (commercial) in terms
of:

*life span

*type of flame

Significance of the Study

In our country today more ways are now made to utilize common things in
order to make products easier and cheaper. In this research study, used cooking
oil is used as an alternative for paraffin wax in candle making.

In the field of science, this study contributes a lot for the reason that we can
find alternative for paraffin wax as main component in candle making, besides
paraffin wax is derived from petroleum and the latter is much expensive. This
study contributes knowledge to the researchers and also to the community in the
sense of finding an alternative way to utilize used cooking oil that may pollute and
clog canals and sewerage systems if not recycled in essential ways, instead of
chemically synthesized sources. It also improves the human condition physically
through minimizing the waste oil that pollutes our country.

Scope and Delimitations

Upon conducting the experimentation process, the researcher had found

out some limitations within the project and these are the following:
 1) The Researcher did not include the measurement of the amount of light
given off by each candle because the instrument used to measure was
not available in the surroundings.
2) Upon testing the candle’s quality, the researcher only includes the
following parameters:

*Lifespan of the candles

*How long it will last

METHODOLOGY

This contains the information on the research design, methods, and

experimental procedure used in this study.

Experimental Design Treatment

The researcher conducted the experiment. He puts 3 tablespoons of salt

inside a glass jar. After that he presses it to level the salt into place. Then he pours
the cooking oil into the glass of salt. After that he inserts the match in the middle
of the glass, this will serve as the candle wick. The salt will stabilize the match
into position. Then he loops the cotton around a piece of stick. And Finally he
lights up the match with a lighter. You could also use another match to light up
the other. Now you have a candle made from items found in the kitchen. It will
last longer than a candle and is much safer to use.

Materials Used in the Study

1/3 cup cooking oil/used oil,

3 Tbsp. Salt,
 1 cotton ball,

2 inch.

Match,

lighter,

1 glass jar

Collection and Data Gathering Procedure

We first collected all the materials we needed for the study. The experiment
was conducted with the use of the measured cooking oil and the measured amount
of salt.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After the results of experimentation. The cooking oil candle, a candle made
from items found in the kitchen will last longer than a commercial candle and is
much more safer to use.

Ratio between used Type of flame Life span

cooking oil and salt

A. 100% : 0% Very dim 5 mins 32 secs

B. 90% : 10% dim 6 mins 16 secs

C. 80% : 20% Less dim 6 mins 16 secs

D. 70% : 30% Less bright 7 mins 5 secs

E. 60% : 40% bright 8 mins 51 secs

F. 50% : 50% Very bright 8 mins 58 secs

 Conclusion

After the results of experimentation, The cooking oil candle, a candle made
from items found in the kitchen will last longer than a commercial candle and is
much better to use than commercial candles in terms of safety and in the economy
as well.

Recommendation

This study has conducted an alternative for commercial candle in using

cooking oil than paraffin wax candles. If perhaps you don’t have cooking oil or can’t
afford it then you can use wood candle, wax candle, or even beeswax candles.

Acknowledgment

To Mr. Edson Reyes, research adviser and coach, for sharing ideas and for
guiding me in making this research. And to all my friends who were there to
support me and inspired me to work hard and to continue this study and for all the
tips that they gave me on how to initiate this research with the problems, questions,
guides, and many more.
 References

Website Articles

https://prezi.com/jsqjpq998u-j/used-cooking-oil-as-an-additive-component-in-
making-candles

http://edu-sciece.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-feasibility-of-used-cooking-oil-
as.html

http://www.investigatoryprojectexample.com/used-cooking-oil-as-an-additive-
component-of-candle

http://gladysrollon.blogspot.com/2009/03/feasibility-of-used-cooking-oil-
as.html

https://www.scribd.com/doc/21333908/Used-Cooking-Oil-as-an-Additive-
Component-of-Candle

https://www.academia.edu/33761317/The_Feasibility_of_Vegetable_Oil_and_S
alt_as_an_Additive_Component_in_Making_Candles

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cotton%20ball

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking_oil
 TIME TABLE

Title formulation July 2019

Data Gathering August 2019

Management of the Data Gathered August 2019

Formulation August 2019

Experimentation September 2019

Further Analysis September 2019

Performance October 2019