Bank Job Preparation

Lecture Material - I

Contents Page No
Math: Number-1
Number 2
English Grammar 4
English Reading Items 6
Computer & IT 8
General Knowledge 8
Question Solution 8
Homework 8
Reading 9

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Number – 1

1. If 9 is th of x, what number is th of x? IBA-BBA-08/09

a) 10 b) 12 c) 14.4 d) 15 e) 27
2. If one-third of one-fourth
fourth of a number is 15, then three-tenth
three of that number is: (Basic AO 14)
a) 35 b) 36 c) 45 d) 54 e) 58
3. Two-fifth of one fourth of three -seventh
- of a number is 15. What is half of that number?
a) 170 b) 175 c) 178 d) 220 e) 195
4. If 50% of x equals the sum of y and 20, then what is the value of x - 2y ? (Basic AO 14)
a) 20 b) 40 c) 60 d) 80 e) 100
5. The difference of two numbers is 11 and one-fifth
one fifth of their sum is 9. Find the numbers. (BB Officer 14)
a) 28 and 17 b) 28 and 18 c) 28 and 19 d) None of these
6. Sixty five percent of a number is 21 less than four-fifth
four fifth of that number. What is the number?
a) 140 b) 142 c) 144 d) 145 e) 148 (BB Officer 14)
7. The sum of two numbers is 33 and their difference is 15, the smaller number is: (BB Officer 14)
a) 9 b) 12 c) 15 d) 18 e) 22
8. A positive number x is multiplied by 2, and this product is then divided by 3. If the positive square root of
the result of these two operations equals x, what is the value of x? (UCBL MTO 13)
a) b) c) d) e)
9. The ratio of the sum of the reciprocals of x and y to the product of the reciprocals of x and y is 1:3. What is
sum of the numbers x and y? (UCBL MTO 13)
a) b) c) 1 d) 2 e) 4
10. Two-fifth of one-fourth of three--seventh
seventh of a number is 15. What is half of that number? (Pro Kalyan Cash 14)
a) 94 b) 96 c) 188 d) 190 e) none of these
11. The difference between a number and its two-fifth
two fth is 510. What is 10 percent of that number?
a) 35 b) 45 c) 65 d) 85 e) 90 (Pro Kaly SO 14)
12. The difference between two numbers is 5 and the difference of their squares is 65. What is the larger
number?
a) 9 b) 11 c) 13 d) 15 e) 17
13. A number iss as much greater than 36 as less than 86. Find the number.
a) 51 b) 61 c) 71 d) 81 e) 41
14. Find a number such that when 15 is subtracted from 7 times the number, the result is 10 more than twice
the number.
a) 5 b) 7 c) 9 d) 15 (Probasy Kalyan Cash 14)
15. 54 is to be divided into two parts such that the sum of 10 times the first and 22 times the second is 780.
The bigger part is: (Probasy Kalyan Cash 14)
a) 24 b) 34 c) 40 d) 32
16. The difference of two numbers is 20% of the larger number. If the smaller number is 20, then the larger
number is: (Probasy Kalyan Cash 14)
a) 25 b) 45 c) 50 d) 80
17. The sum of two numbers is 146 and difference between them is 18. What are the numbers? (Agrani SO 14)
a) 74, 62 b) 82, 64 c) 84, 60 d) 80, 62 e) 86, 68
18. of Ahsan's money is equal to of Babu's money. If both together have Tk. 600, what is the differenc difference
between their money? (Agrani SO 14)
a) 24 b) 14 c) 48 d) 44 e) 120
19. Rabbi has 10 pairs of matched socks. If he loses 7 individual socks, what is the greatest number of pairs of
matched socks he can have left? (National PO 13)
a) 7 b) 6 c) 5 d) 4 e) 3
20. The sum of the two numbers is 12 and their product is 35. What is the sum of the reciprocals of these
numbers? (BDBL Officer 14)
12 1 35 13 7
) ) ) ) )
35 35 8 35 32

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21. There were n books in a store. After th of the books were sold and 5 more books were procured, the total
number of books in the shop stood at 65. What was the original number of books in the shop?
a) 72 b) 75 c) 85 d) 96 e) 99 (IBA BBA 08/09)
22. Half the difference between two numbers is 2. The sum of the greater number and twice the smaller
number is 13. Find the smaller number. (EBL MT 13)
a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 7 e) none
23. A two-digit
digit number has 3 in its unit digit. The sum of its digits is one seventh of the number itself. What is
the number? (EBL MT 13)
a) 73 b) 63 c) 53 d) 50 e) none
24. The sum of two positive integers multiplied by the bigger number is 204, and their difference multiplied by
the smaller
aller number is 35. The numbers are: (Rupali officer 13)
a) 12, 5 b) 13, 4 c) 14, 3 d) 24, 10 e) 12, 8
25. In a two digit number, the digit in the unit's place is more than twice the digit in ten's place by 1.If the d digit
in units place and the ten's place are interchanged, difference between the newly formed number and the
original number is less than the original number by 1. What is the original number?
a) 37 b) 17 c) 33 d) 35 e) 38
26. The difference between two o digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the digit is 36. What
is the difference between the sum and difference of the digit of the number if the ratio between the digits
of the number is 1:2? (2)
a) 8 b) 11 c) 13 d) 15 e) 16
27. Difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the smaller, we get 6 as quotient and
the 15 as remainder. What is the smallest number? (3)
a) 270 b) 170 c) 330 d) 350 e) 270
28. Twice one number added to three times another number (which is greater of the two) gives 47. Find the
smaller number, if the difference between the numbers is 4.
a) 5 b) 6 c) 7 d) 8 e) 9
29. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 14 and the the difference between the two digits of the number
is 2. What is the product of the digits of the two-digit
two number?
a) 56 b) 48 c) 45 d) 52 e) 60
30. Tanim bought some oranges. He gave of them to his sister, of the reminder to his neighbor, of those
left to his children and had 6 left at the end. How many oranges did Tanim buy?
a) 40 b) 36 c) 28 d) 56 e) 35
31. Abul, Kalam and Bashar had lunch together. Bashar’s meal cost 50% more than Kalam’s meal and Abul’s
meal cost 5/6 as much as Bashar’s
Bashar meal. If Kalam paid Tk. 1000 for his meal, how much Abul paid more
than Kalam for the lunch?
a) 350 b) 250 c) 1250 d) 2250 e) 1120
32. If Zakir
akir loses 8 pounds, he will weight twice as much his sister. Together they are now weighs 278 pounds.
What is Zakir’s
akir’s present weight?
a) 168 b) 72 c) 188 d) 220 e) 280
33. A person spends 1/3 of the money with him on food, 1/5 of the remaining on educ education, 1/4 of the
remaining on treatment. Now he is left with Tk. 200. How much did he have with him in the beginning?
a) 270 b) 315 c) 460 d) 500 e) 545
34. Amin and Sajal are friends. Each has some money. If Amin gives Tk 30 to Sajal, then Sajal will have twice
the money left with Amin. But, if Sajal gives Tk 10 to Amin, then Amin will have thrice as much as is left
with Sajal. How much money does each have?
a) 62, 34 b) 34, 74 c) 82, 35 d) 45, 23 e) 35, 45
35. After 2 females leave a party there is twice as many males as females. Then 9 males leave the party and
there are twice as many females as males. How many females attended the party?
a) 6 b) 8 c) 16 d) 24 e) none
Answer Table
1.a 2.d 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.a 7.a 8.d 9.a 10.e
11.d 12.a 13.b 14.a 15.b 16.a 17.b 18.e 19.b 20.a
21.a 22.b 23.b 24.a 25.a 26.a 27.a 28.c 29.b 30.a
31.b 32.c 33.d 34.a 35.b

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Class Exercise :: Grammar :: Noun

Find out the erroneous part from the underlined parts of the sentences listed 1 - 20 as under:
1. Some encyclopedias deal with specific fields, such as music or philosophy, and provide informatio
informations only
A B C D
on subject.
2. The news of Musa Ibrahim's ascent to Mt. Everest brought proud and joy for all Bangladeshis
Bangladeshis.
A B C D
3. It is believed that a people could live on Mars with little life support because the atmosphere is similar to
A B C D
that of Earth.
4. He has less friends in his classes now than he had last year.
A B C D
5. The religion attempts to clarify mankind's relationship with a superhuman power.
A B C D
6. The U.S. president serves a maximum of two four-years terms.
A B C D
7. Several of Washington Irving's story have become classics in American literature.
A B C D
8. Planned Parenthood may describe itself as a health organization, but in real it is an Ideological outfit.
A B C D
9. Mumps are a very common disease which usually affects children.
A B C D
10. A space is the last frontier for man to conquer.
conquer
A B C D
11. The tiger's cunning, strength, and agile have earned it a legendary reputation.
A B C D
12. In 1950 it was naively predicted that eight or ten computer would be sufficient to handle all of the
A B C D
scientific and business needs in the USA.
13. As childs grow older, their bones become thicker and longer.
A B C D
14. You will need four liters of milk and two dozens eggs.
A B C D
15. One kinds of tools that was popular during the stone age was a flake, used for cutting and scraping.
A B C D
16. Even children in elementary school are assigned homeworks.
A B C D
17. Dan Brown's detectives stories are admired both by critics and general readers.
A B C D
18. Thousand of antibiotics have been developed, but only about thirty are in common use today.
A B C D
19. One of the most beautiful state capital is the Utah State Capital, located in Salt Lake City.
A B C D
20. Mauna Loa, an active volcano on the island of Hawaii, usually has one eruptions every three years.
A B C D
Fill in the blanks following standard grammar in English:
21. A desert receives less than twenty-five
five ____________of rainfall every year.
a) centimeter b) a centimeter c) centimeters d) of centimeters
22. ____________at 212 degrees F. and freezes at 32 degrees F.
a) Waters boils b) The water boils c) Water boils d) Waters boil
23. It is generally believed that an MBA degree is good preparation for a career in ____________.
a) a business b) business c) businesses d) one business
24. Fire-resistant
resistant materials are used to retard ___________of modern aircraft in case of accidents.
a) a damage to the passenger cabin
b) that damages to the passenger cabin
c) damage to the passenger cabin
d) passenger cabin's damages
25. According to estimates by some botanists, there are ________of plants.
a) seven thousand type ype b) seven thousand types c) type of seven thousand d) types seven thousand
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Miscellaneous
26. Which of the following is a proper noun? (DBBL TO 10)
a) man b) group c) run d) Dhaka e) none of these
27. Which is the plural form of mouse? (Sonali Bnk Cash Offi 08)
a) mouses b) mouse c) mice d) mices e) mousess
28. What is the singular form of the word ‘dice’? (BB Cash Officer 11)
a) dish b) disc c) die d) diskette e) dice
29. What is the singular form of the word ‘alumni’? (BB AD 14)
a) alumnus b) alumnae c) alumni d) aluminum e) none of the above
30. Which of the following is not a plural form of ‘Buffalo’? (Sonali Bank Officer 10)
a) Buffaloss b) Buffalos c) Buffaloes d) Buffalo e) None of these
31. Which is not a singular number? (BB AD 01)
a) agenda b) datum c) every d) each
32. What kind of noun is ‘Boy’? (Sonali Bank Officer 10)
a) Material b) Proper c) Common d) Collective e) None of these
33. What is the noun of the verb ‘Depart’? (Sonali Officer 08)
a) Departed b) Department c) Departure d) Departing e) Deportation
34. The plural form of the word ‘focus’ is: (Sonali cash Officer 08)
a) focu b) focus c) foci d) focis e) focises
35. Once fiscal discipline has been achieved, successful monetary policy implementation should be___.
a) difficulty b) complexity c) feasible d) appropriateness e) feasibility (BB AD 06)
36. A noun that names a general class of persons, place or things is a ___. (BB Officer 01)
a) proper noun b) general noun c) perfect noun d) common noun
37. The _______of population in the citiess should not be overlooked by the authorities.
a) affects b) effecting c) affect d) effects

Homework: Grammar
1. The male 'mandril baboon' is one of the most colorful of all mammal.
A B C D
2. Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted to humans beings by animals.
A B C D
3. Many championship automobiles and motorcycle races take place in Daytona Beach, Florida.
A B C D
4. The 'Kochikachar Mela Award' is granted every years to the authors of outstanding books for children.
A B C D
5. The major source of air pollution vary from city to city.
A B C D
6. Around 75 percents of the earth's surface is covered by water.
A B C D
7. All college and universities get their funds from a variety of sources.
A B C D
8. Russell Cave in northeastern Alabama was the home of cliff-dwelling Indians thousand of years ago.
A B C D
9. In 1792, a corporation constructed a 60-miles toll road from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
A B C D
10. The mathematician and astronomer
ronomer David Rittenhouse was one of the first man of science in the American colony.
A B C D
11. Publishers of modern encyclopedias employ hundreds of specialists and large editorials staffs.
A B C D
12. The electric toaster was one of the earliest appliance to be developed for the kitchen.
A B C D
13. Tornadoes can pick up objects as heavy as automobiles and carry them for hundreds of foot
foot.
A B C D
14. Many kinds of vegetables are growth in Northern districts of Bangladesh.
A B C D
15. In typical pioneers settlements, men,
men women, and children worked from morning until night at farm and household.
A B C D

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Antonyms
SL Main Word Option-1 Option-2
Option Option-3 Option-4 evsjv A_© Answer
1 Attenuate lighten loosen worsen strengthen Kgv
Kgv‡bv 4
2 Amenable agreeable bound unwilling submissive eva¨/AbyMZ 3
3 Ingenious crafty inane incompetent skillful D™¢vebKzkj, wePÿY 2
4 Gist artificial manner trivial point informal procedure eccentric method mvigg© 2
5 Tractability infertility implausibility incorrigibility impenetrability mn
mn‡R wbqš¿b‡hvM¨ 3
6 Repulsion combination elongation attraction oscillation weZ„Âv 3
7 Emit absorb demand mistake prevent wbM©Z Kiv 1
8 Ally mediator felon adversary inventor mn
mn‡hvMx/ eÜz 3
9 Assuage resolve decrease separate irritate cÖkwgZ Kiv 4
10 Admonition warning threat fear request g„`y wZi¯‹vi Kiv 4
11 Equivocate slouch sigh stability be truthful بv_©‡evaK 3
12 Concomitant assistant artificial pellucid discrete mshy³/mn‡hvMx 4
13 Punctilious former careless observant moderate 2
14 Moisture dryness delicate dampness defect 1
15 Discordant harsh different harmonious separate 3
16 Applaud request criticize pray flatter 2
17 Profound superficial obscure intense hidden 1
18 Savory sad hidden lost unpalatable 4
19 Courteous flaccid emollient insolent scrupulous 3
20 Anomalous capacious vicious connected usual 4
Spelling Check
SL Option-1 Option
Option-2 Option-3 Option
Option-4 Answer
1 Favouriet Favouret Favorete Favourite 4
2 Sugast Sujest Suggast Suggest 4
3 Acquaintence acquantance acquaintance acquaintince 3
4 Demmurage demurrage demarrage demurage 2
5 Erroniously erroneusly erroneously erroniosly 3
6 Earimeter perimeter perimotor parimeter 2
7 Canine canninne cannine caninee 1
8 Condiut conduit connduit condeut 2
9 Meticuluos meticolous meticulous meteculous 3
10 Pedestrians pedistrians pedestreians pedistrans 1
11 Auxialery Auxiliary Auxialiery Auxiliuary 2
12 Condescention Condescension Condescesion Condescinsion 2
13 Remmittence Remmitance Remitance Remittance 4
14 Temporery Temporare Temporary Temporari 3
15 Refarance Referense Referanc Reference 4
16 Analytical Anaelitical Anylitical Analytecal 1
17 Extenson Extention Extension Extansion 3
18 Coporat Corporate Corporata Corporete 2
19 Disapointed Dissapointed Disappointed Disapointed 3
20 Diareah Diarea Diarrhea Diareah 3
21 Dumbel Dumbell Dumbbel Dumbbell 4
22 Immediately immediatly Imediatly Immedictly 1
23 Exaggeration Exageration Exaggerasion Exaggoration 1
24 Gratefull Grateful Greatful Greatefull 2
25 Miscelaneous Miscellanious Misceilanous Miscellaneous 4
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Substitution in a word
1. Fear of being enclosed in a small closed space:
a) Agoraphobia b) Claustrophobia c) Xenophobia d) Paranoia
2. A person with a long experience ce of any occupation:
a) veteran b) genius c) seasoned d) ambidextrous
3. An unexpected pieceece of good fortune:
a) turnstile b) windfall c) philanthropy d) benevolence
4. One who cannot be corrected:
a) incurable b) incorrigible c) hardened d) vulnerable
5. A name adopted by an author thor in his writings:
a) nickname b) pseudonym c) nomenclature d) impersonate
6. That which cannot be corrected:
a) unintelligible b) indelible c) illegible d) incorrigible
7. A small shop that sells fashionable clothes,
cl cosmetics, etc.:
a) stall b) boutique c) store d) superstore
8. Habitually silent or talks less:
a) taciturn b) servile c) synoptic d) quiet
9. Be the embodiment orr perfect example of:
a) characterize b) personify c) idol d) exemplary
10. A religious disclosure:
a) preach b) stanza c) sanctorum d) sermon
11. Official misconduct:
a) malefactor b) malfeasance c) maltreatment d) maladministration
12. A place for sick peoplee who need long
l period of recovery:
a) clinic b) hospital c) sanatorium d) asylum
13. A person who eats too much:
a) glutton b) reveler c) sensualist d) omnivorous
14. Animals that eat flesh:
a) herbivorous b) omnivorous c) carnivorous d) vegetarian
15. Animals who eat flesh
esh of another animal:
a) maneater b) beast c) carnivorous d) cannibal
16. A disease that spreads by means of germs
germ carried in atmosphere:
a) Infectious b) epidemic c) contagious d) endemic
17. A person who looks at the dark rk side of everything:
a) sadist b) blind c) pessimist d) optimist
18. Killing of one’s own brother:
a) murder b) matricide c) fratricide d) genocide
19. Elimination of a racial
ial group by killing:
a) homicide b) regicide c) genocide d) patricide
20. Release of prisoner from jail on certain
certa terms and conditions:
a) parole b) parley c) pardon d) acquit

Grammar: Answer Sheet

Class Exercise: Grammar
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.D
21.C 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.C
31.A 32.C 33.C 34.C 35.C 36.D 37.D
Home Work: Grammar
1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C
11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.A
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. B
6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. D
16. A 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. A
Answer: Substitution
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Computer & IT
G mßv‡ni wm‡jevm
welq ‡‡idv‡iÝ
Kw¤úDUv‡ii BwZnvm I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i eo cÖwZôvb BwR Kw¤úDUvi eB‡qi cÖ_g Aa¨v
Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g cwi”Q` LywUbvwU mn
Kgc‡ÿ wZbevi co‡Z n‡e|
wcÖ‡›UW Kwc - 1 1 - 100|

General Knowledge
G mßv‡ni wm‡jevm
µwgK welq ‡idv‡iÝ
bs
1 Kv‡i›U G‡dqvm© Kv‡i›U G‡dqvm©
dqvm© PjwZ msL¨v|
2 evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb mvaviY Áv‡bi
bi ‡h‡Kvb ÷vÛvW© eB †_‡K GB welq
msµvšÍ Aa¨vq mg~n fvjfv
fvjfv‡e co‡Z n‡e|

Question Solution
Agrani Bank Ltd.
Questions Bangla English Math Computer GK
Officer Cash – Cancelled (2015)
Senior Officer – Cancelled (2015)
Senior Officer (2015)
Officer Cash –(2015)
Officer Cash – Cancelled (2013)

‡nvg IqvK© I covïbv

welq KiYxq
g¨v_ (GgwmwKD) 1| K¬vm †jKPv‡ii ii mg¯Í g¨v_ †d«k K‡i cieZ©x K¬v‡m Rgv w`‡Z n‡e| Indiabix.com and S@ifur’s
Math/Khairul’s Math †_‡K GB msµvšÍ g¨v_¸‡jv Ki‡Z n‡e|
g¨v_ (wi‡Ub) 1| Algebra msµvšÍ 36 Uv g¨v_ 6 w`‡b|
w`
Bswjk 1| ‡jKPvikx‡UiUi mKj AvB‡Ug
AvB Lye fvjfv‡e AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z n‡e|
2| K¬v‡mi
mi wiwWs covi ÷¨vB‡j
÷¨vB cÖwZ mßv‡n Kgc‡ÿ 3 wU AvwU©‡Kj Lye fvjfv‡e AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z
Z nn‡e| GLvb †_‡K cÖwZw`b
Uªv݇jkb, †fvKveyjvwi,, ‡¯úkvj
‡ Uvg©¸‡jv wkL‡Z n‡e|
3| 5wU cÖ‡kœi mKj GgwmwKD Kgc‡ÿ
Kgc 5 evi co–b|
4| S@ifur’s Newest Grammar †_‡K Noun msµvšÍ Chapter Uv cÖvKwUm Kiæb|
Kw¤úDUvi I AvBwU 1| cÖ`Ë wm‡jevm
jevm hZUv m¤¢e fvjfv‡e
fvjfv †kl Kiæb| GKBmv‡_ 5wU cÖ‡kœi mKj GgwmwKD Kgc
Kgc‡ÿ 5 evi co–b|
mvaviY Ávb 1| cÖ`Ë wm‡jevm
jevm hZUv m¤¢e fvjfv‡e
fvjfv †kl Kiæb| GKBmv‡_ 5wU cÖ‡kœi mKj GgwmwKD Kgc
Kgc‡ÿ 5 evi co–b|
cixÿv 1| AvMvgx K¬v‡m 15 wgwb‡UUi 30-40 gvK©‡mi GgwmwKD wUD‡Uvwiqvj †bqv n‡e|

Answer Sheet: Grammar

Class Exercise: Grammar
1.D 2.C 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.A
11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.D
21.C 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.C
31.A 32.C 33.C 34.C 35.C 36.D 37.D

Home Work: Grammar

1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C
11.D 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.A

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Can Bangladesh repeat its 'development surprise'?

In the era (2000-2015)
2015) of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Bangladesh had achieved
outstanding success in both poverty eradication and human development. Bangladesh's success in both economic
and social fronts bewildered many astute observers, including Professor Wahiduddin Mahmud, who called it a
“development surprise”. Others called it the “Bangladesh paradox”” or “Bangladesh puzzle”.
Bangladesh's achievements surprised many observers because the country faced many daunting
challenges.. The challenges include political instability and uncertainty, growing violence, climate change, frequent
natural disasters, poor resource base, income inequality, crumbling institutions,, increased centralisation, poor
service delivery, endemic corruption,, dysfunctional governance and so on. Defying
ing such odds
odds, Bangladesh
continued to make progress in improving the lives and livelihood of its people.
Bangladesh's progress in the economic arena, especially its GDP growth, is usually explained by the growth
of its readymade garments (RMG) sector and export of RMG, which have made rapid progress in the last few
decades. The remittances from expatriate workers have changed the face of many areas of rural Bangladesh. The
growth in the agricultural sector also greatly
greatly contributed to Bangladesh's development surprise. These sectors
and their contributions to the decline of poverty in Bangladesh, according to many observers, were largely
immune to the prevailing “governance deficit”. In fact, the dysfunctional governance
governance prevailing in the country may
have even helped the growth of the RMG sector and remittances. For example, many owners of garment factories,
using their political influence, could bend the rules and many could also get away by indulging in under
under- and over-
invoicing and other corrupt practices. Absence of strict rules and their rigorous enforcement also facilitated the
movement of many illegal workers abroad, increasing the flow of remittances, although it is on the decline now.
Bangladesh's progress on
n the social and human development front in the past decade or so is normally
attributed to awareness campaigns and promotion, mainly by NGOs, of innovative, low-cost
low cost solutions to problems.
Many service-delivery
delivery type development NGOs have been providing multiple
multiple interlinked services to low
low-income
families, improving their conditions. For example, child mortality in Bangladesh was reduced by awareness
campaigns, simultaneously implemented for the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) to reduce diarrheal deat
death,
along with de-worming
worming campaigns, child immunisation, and the use of low-cost,
low cost, affordable sanitary latrines using
rings and slabs rather than more expensive water-sealed
water ones promoted by UNICEF.
In providing services, NGOs also in general empowered the 'agencies' of women and targeted them and
their families for self-interested
interested activities, such as adopting family planning measures and sending their children
to schools. Such self-interested,
interested, initiative-driven
initiative driven activities of women and their families largely brought about
significant reductions in birth rates and maternal mortality. The reduction of maternal mortality was further
helped by pre-natal
natal care for women and screening complicated deliveries. The government's willingness to
include the development NGOs
Os in service delivery activities played a critically important role in this regard.
Can Bangladesh continue its development surprises in the SDG era (2016-2030)
(2016 2030) despite its democratic and
governance deficits? The challenges of achieving SDGs, requiring integrated
tegrated and indivisible economic, social and
environmental development, are more formidable. In addition, MDGs were intended to reduce hunger and poverty
by half, but SDGs are designed to finish the job. MDGs were also intended to make, for example, quant
quantitative
increases in education. But achieving SDGs would require qualitative changes in education, which would be much
harder to achieve. Furthermore, the most exciting intention of SDGs is not to leave anyone behind, which also
creates additional challenges.
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Facing these challenges would require a type of governance, which would “ensure responsive, inclusive,
participatory and representative decision-making
decision making at all levels” (SDG 16.7). It would also require peace, justice and
strong institutions at all levels.
s. That is why SDG 16—the
16 the goal that makes the achievement of all goals possible
possible—is
made an integral part, rather the “crown jewel” of SDGs.
Many experts are of the opinion that Bangladesh has already reaped the benefits of awareness
campaigns and low-cost solutions to problems offered by NGOs. To achieve the SDGs, it would not only require
higher economic growth, allocation of more resources to the social sector to offer more service, but also
substantial increases in the quality of those services. Such changes
changes in the service delivery would require citizens to
increasingly demand more quality and corruption-free
corruption free services at affordable costs. This would, in turn, require
“citizen activism” for asserting their rights, which would further involve mobilising the people by NGOs for
collective action. The traditional development NGOs are either not equipped or not interested in such mobilisation
activities as they involve some political risks. Thus, achieving SDGs would require a new breed of advocacy
advocacy-type
NGOs, which will work on a rights-based
based approach.
Achieving SDGs would also require the localisation of goals. Localisation is a process to empower all local
stakeholders, aimed at making sustainable development more responsive, and therefore, relevant to local ne
needs
and aspirations. Development goals can be reached only if local actors fully participate, not only in the
implementation, but also in setting and monitoring the agenda. Localising thus would require more than the
implementation of SDGs at the local level
lev by sub-national
national actors; it would also involve a participative and
consultative process for developing the necessary strategy for their achievement.. That is why SDG 16 emphasised
on creating strong institutions and ensuring inclusive decision-making.
decision Fortunately,
tunately, some NGOs are already
pursuing rights-based
based activities at the grassroots level and strengthening local government bodies, particularly
Union Parishads, as a means of localising SDGs.
For Bangladesh to repeat its development surprise in the SDG era
era many changes and reforms must take
place in the coming days, including the removal of governance dysfunction.
Author: Badiul Alam Majumdar
[This article was published in Daily Star on Sunday July 9, 2017.
2017 The writer is the founder Secretary, SHUJAN: Citizens for Good Governance.]

What are required?

 Learn every unknown word/phrase
/phrase and terminologies.
 Translate every clause & complete sentence.
 Read the article loudly 3 times.
 Note the comprehensive ideas.

Reading Comprehension questions:

1. What is the central idea of the passage above? Give a suitable alternative title of the passage based on your
understanding.
2. What was the role of NGOs in achieving the MDG goals for Bangladesh?
3. Differentiate between MDG & SDG goal approach.
4. What are the expected challenges we are going to face in SDG period?
5. Explain the essence of ‘localising
localising SDGs’
SDGs for achieving SDG goals.

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