Higher Nationals

Assignment Brief – BTEC (RQF)

Higher National Diploma in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Student Name /ID Number
Sushilkumar Rameshwar Rajguru

Unit Number and Title

Unit 22: Electronic Circuits and Devices

Academic Year
2017-19

Unit Assessor
Anush Kumar Mehalavarunan

Assignment Title
Operational characteristics of amplifier circuits(1/4)

Issue Date
3rd Feb 2018

Submission Date
12th Feb 2018

IV Name
Sanket Bajpai

Date
31-Jan-18

Submission Format
The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise, formal
business style, using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings,
paragraphs and subsections, as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and referenced
using the Harvard referencing system. Provide a bibliography using the Harvard referencing system. The
recommended word limit is 2000–2500 words. You will not be penalised for exceeding the total word
limit.
Unit Learning Outcomes
LO1 Determine the operational characteristics of amplifier circuits.
Assignment Brief and Guidance
You are an intern at an Elevator manufacturing company where your trainer wants you to understand and
examine the performance characteristics of available types of amplifiers by doing practical and virtual tests
on it. Your trainer has asked you to perform below mentioned tasks: -

Tasks:

1. Your description should include the explanation and applications of the below type of amplifiers as
well:
 Class A
 Class B
 Class AB

2. You have to perform practical tests on the amplifier types that you had described in Task 1 and
have to examine the below characteristics for each amplifier type:
 Gain
 Bandwidth
 Frequency Response
 Input Impedance
 Output Impedance
 Distortion & Noise
Note: Take photos while connecting circuit on bread board, while taking reading on multimeter and while getting output in
CRO. Attach these photos along with this assignment.

3. Consider the practical results obtained for the amplifiers examined from Task 2 and explain its
performance.

4. Perform virtual tests on the amplifiers chosen in Task 2 by using simulation software to assess the
results obtained from practical tests conducted in Task 2.

Note: Take screenshots of the results obtained from simulation software and attach them along with this assignment.

Further Guidance:
www.electronics-tutorials.ws Electronic Tutorials Amplifiers (Tutorials)
www.learnabout-electronics.org Learn About Electronics Amplifiers (Tutorials)
www.learnabout-electronics.org Learn About Electronics Oscillators (Tutorials)
www.electronics-tutorials.ws Electronic Tutorials Oscillators (Tutorials)
http://learn.mikroe.com/ Mikro Elektronika Introduction to checking components (E-Book)
Books:
 BOYLESTAD, R.L. and NASHELSKY, L. (2013) Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory. 11th Ed.
Pearson.
 FLOYD, T.L. and BUCHLA, D. (2013) Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices &
Applications. 8th Ed. Pearson.
HOROWITZ, P. and HILL, W. (2015) The Art of Electronics. 3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press.

Learning Outcome
LO1 Determine the
operational characteristics
of amplifier circuits.
Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
Pass Merit Distinction
P1 Describe the types of M1 Explain the results D1 Assess the results
amplifiers available and their obtained from applying obtained from the application
applications. practical tests on an of practical and virtual tests
amplifier’s performance. on amplifier circuits studied.
P2 Examine the different
performance characteristics
of types of amplifier

Pearson Education 2016

Higher Education Qualifications
Assignment Brief

P1: Describe the types of amplifiers available and their applications

Task 1
 The amplifier is utilized to amplifing signal, for example, voltage,current and power.the amplifier circuits
are used for to give high power yield to work speakers.
There are many types of amplifier.

Few types of amplifier.

1.class A amplifier:
3.class AB amplifier:
4.operational amplifier:

1.class A amplifier:
It is also called as single ended class A amplifier The use of the this amplifier is amplification of large signals.
In class a amplifier if current flows through the amplifier constantly so at the full cycle of input signal.then it called
class a power amplifier.It is less utilized for higher power output stages, as it has poor proficiency.but it can be used
for noise cancellation.
Advantages:
 It makes output like a duplicate of input signal.
 It has enhanced high-frequency reaction in light of the fact that the active gadget is ON full time, i.e. no

 time is required to turn on the circuit.

Disadvantages:
 DC power loss is more.
 Impedence machting is poor.
 Does not satisfy maximum power transefer condition.
 Because of the large power supply and heat sink, class A amplifier is expensive and heavy.
 it has very poor efficiency.

Applications:
  They are typically vast, substantial and they deliver almost 4-5 watts of warmth vitality per a watt of
output. Consequently, they run extremely hot and require more ventilation. So they are not in the least
perfect for an auto and also in a home.
 The Class A Amplifier more appropriate for open air musical frameworks, since the transistor
recreates the whole sound waveform while never cutting off. Accordingly, the sound is clear and more
direct, that is, it contains much lower levels of contortion.

2.class B amplifier:
Class-B Amplifiers use or greater transistors biased in this sort of way in order that each transistor
simplest conducts all through one 1/2 cycle of the input waveform.
 To enhance the whole power efficiency of the previous Class A amplifier with the aid of reducing the
wasted power in the form of warmth, it's miles possible to design the power amplifier circuit with
transistors in its output level producing what is normally termed as a Class B Amplifier also referred to as
a push-pull amplifier configuration.

 The class B amplifiers are the negative and positive halves the signal, that are allotted to the specific parts
of the circuits and the output device switched ON and OFF continuously. The basic class B amplifiers are
utilized in complementary transistors which can be FET and bipolar. These two transistors of every half
of the waveform with its output are configured in a push-pull type arrangement. Hence the each amplifier
simplest 1/2 of the output waveform.

 Class b amplifier uses two transistor. One is non transistor and second PNP transistor. In that circuit one is
used for positive half cycle and second is used for negative half cycle while both are receiving same input.

Advantages:
 In efficiency Class B amplifier is better than class Aamplifier.
 It has very low biasing current.
 Power consumption is without signal is very low.

Disadvantages:
 It has cross over distortion and more distortion than class A amplifier.
 Its output is depend upon input so stable input power supply is needed.
 Class AB:
Class AB amplifier
is made by combining
class A amplifier
and class B
amplifier that means
it will gives more
efficiency and less
distortion than class
A and B amplifier.
this amplifier is
mostly used and
design to audio
power amplifier.
This amplifier two
small transistor
used this
transistor voltage
regulation is 5 to
10 % of the inactive
current to bias cut
off point on transistor.

This provides evidence for P1

P2: Examine the different performance characteristics of types of amplifier

Task 2

Gain
Bandwidth
Frequency Response
Input Impedance
Output Impedance
Distortion & Noise

class A amplifier:
Calculation
1.Gain

Calculate gain,
Given,
I/P=12.6
O/P=13.6
There for,
Gain=output/input
=13.6/12.6
=1.07
Gain=1.07

2.Bandwidth:
0.5

3.Frequency response=363Hz

4.Distortion or noise=0.5

5.Input impedance= 87.71

6.Output impedance= 69.28 ohm

Class b amplifier:
Calculation:
1.Gain
Calculate gain
Given,
I/P=12.6
O/P=15.3
There for,
Gain=output/input
=15.3/12.6
=1.15
Gain=1.21

2.Bandwidth=0.9

3.Frequency response=388Hz

4.Distortion or noise=0.7

5.Input impedances= 87.71ohm

6.Output impedances= 47 ohm

Class AB amplifier:
Calculation:
1.Gain
Calculation
Given,
I/P=12.6
O/P=14.2
There for
Gain=output/input
=14.2/12.6
=1.12
Gain=1.12

2.Bandwidth=0.7

3.Frequency response=374

4.Input impedance= 87.71 ohm

5.Output impedance= 57 ohm