Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Use the following information to answer the questions below. Thomas Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed
through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in
which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.

1) What did he conclude about the congregation of bacteria in the red and blue areas? 1)
A) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature caused by an
increase in photosynthesis.
B) Bacteria congregated in these areas due to an increase in the temperature of the red and blue
light.
C) Bacteria are attracted to red and blue light and thus these wavelengths are more reactive than
other wavelengths.
D) Bacteria congregated in these areas because these areas had the most oxygen being released.
E) Bacteria released excess carbon dioxide in these areas.

2) An outcome of this experiment was to help determine 2)

A) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the oxygen released during
photosynthesis.
B) the relationship between heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms.
C) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released.
D) the relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.
E) the relationship between wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration.

3) If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict? 3)
A) The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments.
B) The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide
concentration.
C) The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.
D) There would be no difference in results.
E) The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide
concentration.

4) Organisms that can exist on light and an inorganic form of carbon and other raw materials 4)
A) are best classified as decomposers.
B) do not exist in nature.
C) are called heterotrophs.
D) are called photoautotrophs.
E) are both C and D.

5) Organisms that metabolize organic molecules produced by other organisms 5)

A) are decomposers.
B) are heterotrophs.
C) are autotrophs.
D) are B and C.
E) are A, B, and C.

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 6) The early suggestion that the oxygen (O2 ) liberated from plants during photosynthesis comes from 6)
water was
A) first published by Melvin Calvin, who also discovered the Calvin cycle.
B) made following the discovery of photorespiration because of rubisco's sensitivity to oxygen.
C) A and B.
D) confirmed by experiments using oxygen-18 (18O).
E) A, B, and C.

7) Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the 7)
Calvin cycle?
A) ADP, Pi, and NADP+
B) electrons and H+
C) H2 O and O2
D) CO2 and glucose
E) ATP and NADP

8) A new flower species has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be 8)
reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are not being absorbed by this pigment?
A) blue, green, and red
B) green, blue, and violet
C) green and yellow
D) red and yellow
E) blue and violet

9) The color of light least effective in driving photosynthesis is 9)

A) orange. B) red. C) yellow. D) green. E) blue.

Figure 10.1

10) Figure 10.1 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for 10)
photosynthesis. Why are they different?
A) The two lines are probably the result of inaccurate measurements.
B) Anaerobic bacteria probably interfered with light absorption.
C) Other pigments absorb light in addition to chlorophyll a.
D) Bright sunlight destroys photosynthetic pigments.
E) Green and yellow wavelengths inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths.

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11) The reaction-center chlorophyll of photosystem I is known as P700 because 11)
A) this pigment is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm.
B) there are 700 photosystem I components to each chloroplast.
C) there are 700 chlorophyll molecules in the center.
D) it absorbs 700 photons per minute.

12) All of the events listed below occur in the energy-capturing light reactions of photosynthesis except 12)
A) ADP is phosphorylated to yield ATP.
B) light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.
C) NADP+ is reduced to NADPH.
D) carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA.
E) oxygen is produced.

13) In the thylakoid membranes, what is the main role of the antenna pigment molecules? 13)
A) to split water and release oxygen to the reaction-center chlorophyll
B) to concentrate photons inside the stroma
C) to pass electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH
D) to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi
E) to harvest photons and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll

14) The following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are all true except: 14)
A) The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.
B) RUBP carboxylase is activated by photons.
C) ATP is generated by photophosphorylation.
D) Chlorophyll (and other pigments) absorb light energy, which excites electrons.
E) Electrons are transferred from water to NADP+ .

15) What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis? 15)
A) to produce ATP and NADPH
B) to use ATP to make glucose
C) to convert light energy to the chemical energy of PGAL
D) to produce NADPH used in respiration
E) to produce energy-rich glucose from carbon dioxide and water

16) Because bundle-sheath cells are relatively protected from atmospheric oxygen, the level of 16)
__________ is held to a minimum in C4 plants.
A) photorespiration
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) glycolysis
D) photosynthesis
E) decarboxylation of malic acid

17) Which of the following statements regarding events in the functioning of photosystem II is false? 17)
A) Light energy excites electrons in an antenna pigment in a photosynthetic unit.
B) The excitation is passed along to a molecule of P680 chlorophyll in the photosynthetic unit.
C) The splitting of water yields molecular oxygen as a by-product.
D) The electron vacancies in P680 are filled by electrons derived from water.
E) The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADPH, which is thus converted to
NADP+.

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18) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except 18)
A) photolysis.
B) release of oxygen.
C) P680.
D) photophosphorylation.
E) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll.

19) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem I except 19)
A) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll.
B) photolysis.
C) P700.
D) receiving electrons from plastocyanin.
E) passing electrons to ferredoxin.

20) What are the products of the light reactions that are subsequently used by the Calvin cycle? 20)
A) carbon dioxide and RuBP
B) ATP and NADPH
C) oxygen and carbon dioxide
D) electrons and photons
E) water and carbon

21) Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to 21)
survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be
A) to test for production of either sucrose or starch.
B) to do experiments to generate an action spectrum.
C) to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts.
D) to test for liberation of O2 in the light.
E) to test for CO2 fixation in the dark.

22) Cyclic electron flow in the chloroplast produces 22)

A) A, B, and C.
B) NADPH.
C) glucose.
D) A and B.
E) ATP.

23) As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin 23)
cycle in 1 hour. You find 30,000 molecules of ATP consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of
NADPH. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from?
A) chlorophyll
B) cyclic electron flow
C) photosystem II
D) photosystem I
E) noncyclic electron flow

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24) Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer 24)
separated from the stroma. This damage will have the most direct effect on which of the following
processes?
A) the absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
B) the splitting of water
C) the synthesis of ATP
D) the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
E) the reduction of NADP+

25) In plant cells, ATP is made in response to light. An electron transport chain is involved. This 25)
electron transport chain is found in the
A) stroma of chloroplasts.
B) inner membrane of mitochondria.
C) thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.
D) matrix of mitochondria.
E) cytoplasm.

26) Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and 26)
respiration?
A) Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
B) Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.
C) Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals.
D) Respiration is the exact reversal of the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis.
E) ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration.

27) The chemiosomotic process in chloroplasts involves the 27)

A) diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane.
B) reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose by NADPH and ATP.
C) oxidation of water to produce ATP energy.
D) movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma.
E) establishment of a proton gradient.

28) Noncyclic photophosphorylation uses light energy to synthesize 28)

A) ADP and ATP.
B) ATP and P700.
C) ADP and NADP.
D) P700 and P680.
E) ATP and NADPH.

29) In a plant cell, where is ATP synthase located? 29)

A) thylakoid membrane
B) plasma membrane
C) inner mitochondrial membrane
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C

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30) Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and 30)
the Calvin cycle?
A) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP,
Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.
B) The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for electron flow, and the Calvin
cycle provides the light reactions with water to split.
C) There is no relationship between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle.
D) The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO2 to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle
supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.
E) The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle,
and the cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions.

31) In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, 31)
whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from
A) the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.
B) the stroma to the chlorophyll.
C) the intermembrane space to the matrix.
D) the light reactions to the Calvin cycle.
E) the matrix to the stroma.

32) The Calvin cycle requires all of the following molecules except 32)
A) NADPH. B) ATP. C) glucose. D) RuBP. E) CO2 .

33) All of the following statements are true except: 33)

A) Thylakoid membranes contain the photosynthetic pigments.
B) The O2 released during photosynthesis comes from water.
C) When chlorophyll is reduced, it gains electrons.
D) The light reactions of photosynthesis provide the energy for the Calvin cycle.
E) Glyceraldehyde phosphate is produced only in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

34) Which of the following is (are) true of the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase? 34)
A) A, B, and C are true.
B) It has an affinity for both O2 and CO2 .
C) A and C are true.
D) It participates in the Calvin cycle.
E) It catalyzes a phosphorylation reaction.

35) All of the following statements are correct regarding the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis except: 35)
A) The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reaction.
B) These reactions begin soon after sundown and end before sunrise.
C) One of the end products is glyceraldehyde phosphate.
D) The 5-carbon sugar RuBP is constantly being regenerated.

36) If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 synthesized with heavy oxygen (18O), 36)
later analysis will show that all but one of the following compounds produced by the algae contain
the 18O label. That one exception is
A) PGAL. B) RuBP. C) glucose. D) PGA. E) O2 .

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SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Refer to the following choices to answer the following questions. Each choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Indicate
whether the following events occur during

A. photosynthesis
B. respiration
C. both photosynthesis and respiration
D. neither photosynthesis nor respiration

37) synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism 37)

38) oxidation of water 38)

39) reduction of NADP+ 39)

40) CO2 fixation 40)

41) electron flow along a cytochrome chain 41)

42) oxidative phosphorylation 42)

43) generation of proton gradients across membranes 43)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

44) In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to 44)
A) split water and release oxygen.
B) use ATP to release carbon dioxide.
C) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide.
D) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast.
E) construct simple sugars from carbon dioxide.

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

For the following questions, compare the light reactions with the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis in plants.
Use the following key:

A. light reactions alone

B. the Calvin cycle alone
C. both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D. neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
E. occurs in the chloroplast but is not part of photosynthesis

45) produces molecular oxygen (O2) 45)

46) forms a proton gradient 46)

47) requires ATP 47)

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 48) requires ADP 48)

49) produces NADH 49)

50) produces NADPH 50)

51) produces triose sugars 51)

52) inactive in the dark 52)

53) requires CO2 53)

54) requires glucose 54)

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

55) The three substrates (normal reactants) for the enzyme RuBP carboxylase/oxidase (rubisco) are 55)
A) triose-P, glucose, and CO2 .
B) RuBP, CO2 , and ATP.
C) RuBP, ATP, and NADPH.
D) CO2 , O2, and RuBP.
E) CO2 , glucose, and RuBP.

56) Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by removing which of the following from 56)
the Calvin cycle?
A) RuBP carboxylase molecules
B) carbon dioxide molecules
C) glyceraldehyde phosphate molecules
D) ATP molecules
E) ribulose bisphosphate molecules

57) Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration? 57)
A) They conserve water more efficiently.
B) They use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2 .
C) They are adapted to cold, wet climates.
D) They do not participate in the Calvin cycle.
E) They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

58) In C4 photosynthesis, carbon fixation takes place in the __________ cells, and then is transferred as 58)
malic or aspartic acid to __________ cells, where carbon dioxide is released for entry into the Calvin
cycle.
A) epidermal ... mesophyll
B) stomatal ... mesophyll
C) stomatal ... epidermal
D) bundle-sheath ... epidermal
E) mesophyll ... bundle-sheath

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59) CAM plants can keep stomates closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this 59)
because they
A) use photosystems I and II at night.
B) use the enzyme phosphofructokinase, which outcompetes rubisco for CO2.
C) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells.
D) fix CO2 into pyruvic acid in the mesophyll cells.
E) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night.

Figure 10.2

60) Which of the following statements is true concerning the diagram in Figure 10.2? 60)
A) It represents the kinds of cells found in conifers from cold, wet climates.
B) It represents some of the events of C4 photosynthesis.
C) It represents the type of photosynthesis found in most aquatic plants.
D) Two of the above statements are true.
E) All of the above statements are true.

61) Referring to Figure 10.2, oxygen would inhibit the CO2 fixation reactions in 61)
A) both cell I and cell II.
B) cell I during the night and cell II during the day.
C) cell II only.
D) neither cell I nor cell II.
E) cell I only.

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62) In an experiment studying photosynthesis performed during the day, you provide a plant with 62)
radioactive carbon (14C) dioxide as a metabolic tracer. The 14C is incorporated first into oxaloacetic
acid. The plant is best characterized as a
A) chemoautotroph.
B) C3 plant.
C) C4 plant.
D) heterotroph.
E) CAM plant.

63) Plants that fix CO2 into organic acids at night when the stoma are open and carry out the Calvin 63)
cycle during the day when the stoma are closed are called
A) C4 plants.
B) CAM plants.
C) C3 plants.
D) A and B.
E) A, B, and C.

64) Where does the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis take place? 64)
A) outer membrane of the chloroplast
B) cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast
C) chlorophyll molecule
D) stroma of the chloroplast
E) thylakoid membrane

65) __________ cells in leaves are specialized for photosynthesis. 65)

A) Sclerenchyma
B) Tracheid
C) Companion
D) Mesophyll
E) Collenchyma

66) A redox reaction involves the transfer of a(n) 66)

A) carbon dioxide.
B) electron.
C) hydrogen ion.
D) oxygen.
E) water.

67) Which of these colors contributes the least energy to photosynthesis? 67)
A) blue B) violet C) red D) orange E) green

68) A concentration gradient is a form of 68)

A) potential energy.
B) kinetic energy.
C) entropy.
D) an exergonic reaction.
E) life.

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69) Under arid conditions C4 plants fix carbon dioxide more efficiently than C3 plants because C4 69)
plants
A) decrease the rate at which carbon dioxide diffuses into the plant from the atmosphere.
B) utilize rubisco.
C) have chloroplasts concentrated in mesophyll cells.
D) use ATP to fix carbon dioxide.
E) are larger than C3 plants.

70) The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with 70)
A) H2 O and NADPH.
B) CO2 and ATP.
C) sugar and O2 .
D) light energy.
E) ATP and NADPH.

71) Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis? 71)
A) NADPH chlorophyll Calvin cycle
B) H2 O NADPH Calvin cycle
C) NADPH O2 CO2
D) H2 O photosystem I photosystem II
E) NADPH electron transport chain O2

72) Which of the following conclusions does not follow from studying the absorption spectrum for 72)
chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis?
A) There must be accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of light that contributes energy
for photosynthesis.
B) The red and blue areas of the spectrum are most effective in driving photosynthesis.
C) Chlorophyll owes its color to the absorption of green light.
D) Not all wavelengths are equally effective for photosynthesis.
E) Chlorophyll a has two absorption peaks.

73) Cooperation of the two photosystems of the chloroplast is required for 73)
A) cyclic photophosphorylation.
B) generation of a proton-motive force.
C) reduction of NADP+ .
D) oxidation of the reaction center of photosystem I.
E) ATP synthesis.

74) In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to 74)

A) the Calvin cycle.
B) carbon fixation.
C) oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
D) substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis.
E) reduction of NADP+ .

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75) In what respect are the photosynthetic adaptations of C4 plants and CAM plants similar? 75)
A) Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.
B) Both types of plants make their sugar without the Calvin cycle.
C) In both cases, an enzyme other than rubisco carries out the first step in carbon fixation.
D) In both cases, the stomata normally close during the day.
E) Neither C4 plants nor CAM plants have grana in their chloroplasts.

76) Which of the following processes is most directly driven by light energy? 76)
A) reduction of NADP molecules
B) ATP synthesis
C) removal of electrons from membrane-bound chlorophyll molecules
D) creation of a pH gradient by pumping protons across the thylakoid membrane
E) carbon fixation in the stroma

77) Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between cyclic and noncyclic 77)
photophosphorylation?
A) Only noncyclic photophosphorylation produces ATP.
B) In addition to ATP, cyclic photophosphorylation also produces O2 and NADPH.
C) Chemiosmosis is unique to noncyclic photophosphorylation.
D) Only cyclic photophosphorylation can operate in the absence of photosystem II.
E) Only cyclic photophosphorylation utilizes light at 700 nm.

78) Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? 78)
A) Only heterotrophs require oxygen.
B) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other
nutrients that are entirely inorganic.
C) Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment.
D) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.
E) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.

79) Which of the following processes could still occur in a chloroplast in the presence of an inhibitor 79)
that prevents H+ from passing through ATP synthase complexes?
A) generation of a proton-motive force
B) photophosphorylation
C) the Calvin cycle
D) oxidation of NADPH
E) sugar synthesis

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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED9

1) D
2) A
3) A
4) D
5) E
6) D
7) E
8) D
9) D
10) C
11) A
12) D
13) E
14) B
15) A
16) A
17) E
18) D
19) B
20) B
21) D
22) E
23) B
24) C
25) C
26) A
27) E
28) E
29) D
30) A
31) A
32) C
33) E
34) C
35) B
36) E
37) C
38) A
39) A
40) A
41) B
42) B
43) C
44) E
45) A
46) B
47) B
48) A
49) D
50) A
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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED9

51) B
52) C
53) B
54) D
55) D
56) E
57) B
58) E
59) E
60) B
61) C
62) C
63) B
64) D
65) D
66) B
67) E
68) A
69) D
70) E
71) B
72) C
73) C
74) C
75) C
76) C
77) D
78) B
79) A

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