PLACEMATS FROM MILLIONAIRE VINES FIBER (cissus verticillata)

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Education
Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology
Naga City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements in
Special Research Project

Sheena R. Cornelio
Janet O. Eduardo
Leizel SJ. Lagasca
Lady Ann F. Fernandez
Roxanne Merryl M. Rivera

BTTE-GFDT 4

1
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Fabrics are created for a particular purpose, mainly as clothing, sails or interior

decoration including linens. These fabrics were made by felting, knitting or weaving of fibers.

There is a variety of fabrics that brings comfort in different climate or seasons. There are two

types of fabrics, The synthetic fibers made by humans with chemical synthesis which opposed

to natural fibers that human get from living organism such as plants and animals with little or

no chemical changes, natural fabric may classified as cotton, silk, linen and wool. The value

of a fabric depends on various factors like the quality of the raw materials, including the

characteristics of the fiber and yarn along with smoothness, hardness and texture. High quality

of raw materials is a good foundation of every product.

Textile industry has been condemned as being one of the world’s worst offenders in

terms of pollution. This industry contributes more to environmental degradation than any other

industry which is primarily fed by the oil rigs. The textile industry is responsible for over 10%

of global emission due to synthetic fibers. It is proven by a study in United Nations Industrial

Development Organization which estimated that every individual person is responsible for

19.8 tons of carbon dioxide emissions in their lifetime, due to clothing production that include

synthetic fibers. A scientist warns the country about the unhealthy carbon emission, depleting

the ozone layer and catastrophic global warming. Despite of this hazardous effect to the

environment, this industries continue to produce synthetic fabrics that cheaper rather than

natural fabric due to its labor cost and limited natural resources.

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 This study ascertains that vines fibers are credible in making fabric for household

linens, this fibers may use as primarily raw material in making placemats. The length of the

fibers that has a good advantage for easy weaving process and the stiffness of the fibers is good

for the functionality of a placemats. Placemats or tablemats are one of the household linens

particularly used for setting up meals, it helps to protect the table surface from abrasion,

moisture, heat and stain. Placemats are made of either synthetic or natural fabric. Synthetic

placemats are more durable than natural but it is less absorbent.

The researchers produce a raw material out of cissus verticillata also known as

Millionaire Vines, which is from Vitaceae family. This kind of plant benefited both the

environment and the people which has the ability to clean up pollution and may consider as a

medicinal plant, also an aqueous plant extract used for epilepsy, as an anti-lipemic and well

organized benefits for diabetes. Vines are abundant this are commonly found in the forest and

may see along roads.

Statement of the Problem

Generally this research aimed to develop placemats from Millionaire vines. Specifically it

sought to:

1. Determine the fiber extraction process from Millionaire vines.

2. Establish the procedures in creating the placemats from Millionaire vines fiber.

3. Evaluate the acceptability level of Millionaire vines placemats along with:

a. Design

b. Durability

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 c. Functionality

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study focused on developing a placemat using millionaire vines as raw material and

determines the acceptability level of the fabric was premise to prove the qualities of Millionaire

vines fabric along its texture, absorbency and functionality for developing placemats.

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Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are used in this context.

Absorbency - this refers to the quality of the fabric to absorb and retain the moisture within

its structure in order to test the acceptability level of millionaires vine fabric.

Fabric - is a cloth, typically produced by weaving or knitting textile fiber.

Functionality - the quality of being suited to serve a purpose well; practicality

Placemats or table mats- are one of the household linens particularly used as daily for

setting up meals, it is help to protect table surface from abrasion, moisture, heat and a

stain resistant mats

Pounding - it is the method used for extracting fibers with the use of stones.

Raw material - this refers to the basic materials from which a product is made.

Texture - it describe the appearance, luster or consistency of a surface or a substance.

Weaving - this refers to the traditional method used for developing new kind of natural

fabric from millionaire vines fiber.

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 End Notes

Ballikar, V. (2018, July 27). Textile Industry and Environmental Issues. Retrieved from

http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/6785/textile-industry-and-

envirinmental-issues

Nicolson, (L.) & Jarvis, C.E. (2018, July 30). Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved from
http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Cissus+verticillata

Overholser , Clifton G. (2018, July 7). Theory of Textile Structure

6
 Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies from different sources

of information and creation of unified ideas.

Figure 2.1 Millionaire Vines (cissus verticillata)

Description of Cissus Verticillata

Is often a very large, woody climbing shrub, frequently clambering over tall trees and

supporting itself by means of coiled tendrils, or scrambling over the ground. The plant emits

many long aerial roots that dangle loosely from the tree branches or sometimes strike root in

the ground. If the main stem is cut, the upper part of the plant continues to grow. The

propagation of this plant is through seed.

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History and Naming

Cissus verticillata was discovered in 1571 in Mexico and first describe in 1574 by

Nicolas Monardes who name in Spanish Carlo Sancto. In Europe the plant was compared to

hop (Humulus Lupulus) by Caspar Bauhan Lupulus Mechiocanus. The roots of Cissus

verticillata were exported to Europe as a medicinal stock. The last certain reports that this

medicinal stock was present in European market originate from the decline of the 18th century.

Vitaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants, with 14 genera and known

species, including the grapevine and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the

genus Vitis. The name sometimes appears as Vitidaceae, but Vitaceae is a conserved name and

therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older

literature, Ampelidaceae. In the APG III system (2009) onwards, the family is placed in its

own order, Vitales. Molecular phylogenetic studies place the Vitales as the most basal clade in

the rosids. Cissus is a genus of approximately 350 species of lianas in the grape family. They

have a distribution, though the majorities are to be found in the tropics.

Figure 2.2 Basket made of Kudzu Vines

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Harvesting and Production

Collecting raw materials is the primarily step in the process of any production. Most

crafters harvest grapevine from a nearby forest or along roadsides where grapevines are often

abundant. Despite of availability, cutting and tugging the vine out of the forest is difficult and

labor intensive. Many people have found kudzu difficult to cut and bale, suggested way is to

cut it low and bale it high. Kudzu vines have been used by makers for their utility and

decorative functions. Another product that kudzu produce was the basket, yet crafting basket

was time consuming process in which long sections of vine are repeatedly wrapped in a circular

cylinder to form a basket.

History of textile

The history of textile is almost as old as that of a human civilization. In the 6th and 7th

century BC, the oldest recorded indication of using fiber comes with the invention of flax and

wool fabric at the exaction of Swiss lake inhabitants. In India the culture of silk was introduced

in 400D, while spinning of cotton traces back to 3000BC. In China, the discovery and

consequent development of sericulture and spin silk methods got initiated at 2640 BC while in

Egypt the art of spinning linen and weaving developed in 3400 BC.

The discovery of machines and their widespread application in processing natural fibers

was brought by the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. The discoveries of

various synthetic fibers like nylon created a wider market for textile products and gradually

led to the invention of new and improved sources of natural fiber. There are some indications

that weaving was already known in the Paleolithic age. An indistinct textile impression has

been found at Pavlov, Moravia. Neolithic textiles are well known from finds in pile dwellings

9
in Switzerland. One extant fragment from the Neolithic was found in Fayum at a site which

dates to about 5000 BC.

Fabric as Linens

Linens considered as the oldest form of woven fabric in human history, the earliest

fragments of linens cloth had been found in Egyptian tombs that date back to the 4000 BCE.

It is made from fibers of the flax plant and traces of this material have been in cloth fragments

in Europe dating back to the Neolithic prehistoric age. The quality of the linen depends greatly

on the temperamental plant to grow. The fibers which are found in the stalk of the plant require

a long and tedious extracting process is very costly. Linens can be used for a variety of

application and proven useful for different purposes from tablecloths and napkins to clothing

and decoration.

Linens as Placemats

Placemats is a covering or pad designating an individual place setting, unlike the larger

table cloth that covers the entire surface. This are made from many different materials depends

on a purpose, to neither protect from, to decorate, entertain nor advertise. The materials and

production methods range from mass-produced and commercial to local and traditional. This

may be made of natural such as silk, linen, cotton, and blends the other is the synthetic materials

such as nylon, rayon, satin and polyester. A natural material has less chemical content with

prominent qualities unlike synthetics. Moreover, plastic placemats have drawn criticism on

environmental grounds. Placemats are a small mat beneath a place setting at a dining table this

are made in assorted sizes and shapes. The most popular size was the large rectangular

placemats approximately 12 inches wide by 18 inches long or 14 inches wide by 20 inches

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long hold an entire place setting. A small placemats approximately 12 inches in diameter in

square, oval, or round shapes hold only a dinner plate; the napkin flatware, stemware are laid

on the table. Small placemats extend space at a crowded table, work as hot pads, and emphasize

the beauty of the table top.

Other Natural Fibers

Cotton

Cotton fibers seed hairs from plants of the order Malvales, family of Malvaceae, which

is the most important fiber in textile industry. This fiber used to produce apparels, home

furnishings, and industrial products. Cotton is a good choice in terms of clothing this may bring

comfort to the wearer and there was also a study that the world consumed 40% of this fiber

way back 2004. The new way of harvesting cotton crop is highly mechanized.

Jute

Jute was considered second only to cotton in terms of usage, production and global

consumption. This fiber was also known as “Golden fiber” due to its golden brown colour and

its importance. In terms of strength, low cost, high durability and versatility are the properties

which the Jute fibers have. Some woven curtains, chairs covering, carpets, nessian cloth and

backing for linoleum are also be made of Jute fibers.

Banana

Banana fiber, a lignocellulosic fiber, obtained from the pseudo-stem of banana plant

(Musa sepientum), is a bast fiber with relatively good mechanical properties. This fiber can be

blended easily with cotton fiber either other synthetic fibers to create blended fabrics. Banana

11
fibers used for different purposes such as I textile paper or handicrafts industry, due to its

versatility, low density, appropriate stiffness, mechanical properties, high disposability and

renewability.

Linen

This fiber is from flax plant one of the natural fibers that offers good quality of fibers

and has a favorable properties when it became a fabric. Linens may use for apparel items such

as suits, dresses, skirts, and shirts. Linens usually used for making household linens due to its

coolness and high absorbency and a high conductivity characteristics which are suitable in

making table cloths, bed sheets, curtains and other various products.

Abaca

Abaca fibers are also known as “Manila hemp” from the port of its first shipment, even

though it has no relationship with hemp, a bast fiber. The abaca is obtained from the leaves of

the banana-like plant, this plant produces a crop after 5 years and 2-4 stalks can be harvested

about every 6 months unlike the banana fiber. This fiber considered as the strongest leaf fiber

among the papermaking fibers. There are different kind of methods used in extraction of fiber

Abaca and in the Philippines which is the primary supplier of abaca, used a knife to separate

fibrous layer in the sheath while in other country such as Indonesia and Central America these

process performed mechanically.

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 In a study of Candelaria, Lopez and San Antonio (2014), Karagumoy leaves have

potential to produce as fabric. In terms of level of acceptability of potential fabric determine

its qualities of appearance and texture. The Karagumoy plant has limited information as to it

availability and karagumoy fabric is cheaper than abaca fiber where in the cost of fiber source

and labor in fiber processing are cheaper.

The study of Abies, Leonem, Pena and Valenzuela (2014) in “Fashion Accessories

from Ragiwdiw Grass” proved that Ragiwdiw grass has a potential as second source of raw

material in creating fashion accessories. Style and design were made to the fashion accessories

that matched well to the preference of the costumers. Using Ragiwdiw grass in creating fashion

accessories will be great help to the protection of the environment and it’s an eco-friendly

product. The level of acceptability as fashion accessories specified in terms of qualities of its

durability, craftsmanship, visual appearance and creativity from Ragiwdiw grass. Making

fashion accessories from Ragiwdiw grass will be great help to minimize the unwanted weeds

that causes problem to the farmers. Fashion accessories made from Ragiwdiw grass can also

add an additional income to those who are in agri-business and economically challenged.

The research of “Handicraft products from Yucca fiber (yucca aloifolia)” focuses in

determining the ability of Yucca fiber in developing handicrafts products and its proper usage.

The researchers Dino, Quinones and Reyes year 2014 commends that Yucca (yucca aloifolia)

fiber can be utilized as raw material for the innovations of more products such as bags,

doormats, hats, placemats and other personal and decorative items.

The study of Table Linen from Banana trunk fiber pertains in developing table linens

such as placemats and table runners out of matured banana trunk. For this regards, the

13
consumers are looking for natural product with less chemical content that can’t affect the health

of people and an eco-friendly product. The researchers Anonuevo, De Vera and Sallan year

2016 compares the fabric of Karagumoy from Banana trunk fiber with its level of acceptability

level and weighted mean of 4.6 which is Excellent.

Synthesis of the State of the Art

From the related study of Table Linen from Banana trunk fiber which is to produce table

linens fabrics out of banana trunk fiber which is similarly to the study of Placemats out of

Millionaire vines fiber.

The researchers came up with the idea of developing natural fabric from vines fiber

instead of fibers from the leaves, through this it’s ascertain that Millionaire vines fiber is

credible for making placemats. Due to uniqueness of this raw material this can be used for

other purposes. However the researchers are disagree with the idea of using synthetic materials

such as plastic covers for making linens in which Table Linens from Banana trunk fiber study

used in developing linens.

14
 End Notes

Abies, Leonem, Pena and Valenzuela. (2014) Fashion Accessories from Ragiwdiw Grass

Retrieved from August 23, 2018

Anonuevo, De Vera and Sallan. (2016) Table Linen from Banana trunk fiber. Retrieved from

August 25, 2018

Anonymous. (2012, July 12) Uses of Linens. Retrieved from www.thegreenbook.com/uses-of-

linens

Candelaria, Lopez and San Antonio. (2014) Potential Fabric from Karagumoy (Chlorophora

Excelsa) Leaves. Retrieved from August 23, 2018

Das, S., Shillington, S. and Hammett, T. (2001, January) Vines for wreaths and other product,

Virginia Tech, (August 25, 2018)

Dino, Quinones and Reyes. (2014) Handicraft products from Yucca fiber (yucca aloifolia).

Retrieved from August 25, 2018

Dr. Syed Muhammad Imtiaz Uddin. (2014, December) What is Jute Fiber, How to bleaching

and dyeing of jute fiber. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272436085_what_is_jute_fiber_how_to_ble

aching_and_dyeing_of_jute_fiber

Hakoo, A. (2018, March 28). Linen Fiber from Flax Plants and the Linen Fabrics. Retrieved

from https://www.textileschool.com/amp/2632/linen-fiber-from-flax-plants-and-the-

linen-fabrics/

Introduction of Textile Industry. Retrieved from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream

(August 25, 2018)

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Nicolson, (L.) & Jarvis, C.E. (2018, July 30). Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved from

http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Cissus+verticillata

Textile School. (2011, February 22) Banana Fibers – Natural Plant/Bast Fibers. Retrieved from

https://www.textileschool.com/amp/131/banana-fibers-natural-plant-bast-fibers/

Textile School. (2011, December 7) Cotton Fibers and its Properties. Retrieved from

https://www.textileschool.com/amp/164/cotton-fibers-and-its-properties/

Textile School. (2011, February 2) Natural Cellulosic Leaf Fibres. Retrieved from

https://www.textileschool.com/amp/411/natural-cellulosic-leaf-fibres/

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 CHAPTER III

METHODS AND MATERIALS

This chapter presents the methods and materials that were used in this study.

Methods

Research and Development Process (R and D) was used in the study. The researchers

were able to develop a new product, based on the information that were gathered from the

study. The researchers came up with the idea to comprised cissus verticillata also known as

millionaire vines fiber as a raw material. The Research and Development method deals with

planning, constructing and evaluating of the product.

Planning

The researchers manage the initial study on the qualities of millionaire vines for

additional experimental study. It was found out that the millionaire vines are have fibers that

can be extracted and be utilized in this study. The researchers organize the aim by extracting

fiber and determine the acceptability of fabric Design, Durability and Functionality.

Table3.1 Target Time Allotment

Month August September October November December January February

Number of Weeks
Activities
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Panning/
Designing
Constructi
ng
Evaluatio
n

17
Constructing

The constructing of placemats from millionaire vines. Followed the step-by-step

procedure. The researchers conducted a study in certain processes involved in making

millionaire vines fiber. The processes in fiber extraction of millionaire vines fiber: harvesting

of millionaire vines, selecting of vines at its middle age, pounding method by the used of stone

for fiber extraction of millionaire vines, Cleansing of fibers to remove excess tissues, Air

Drying of fibers within 5-8 minutes, Dyeing of millionaire vines fibers and Weaving of

millionaire vines fiber.

Evaluation

In this stage the placemats from millionaire vines was put into final test. The product

is evaluated to determine the acceptability of the product in terms of design, durability and

functionality.

The respondents will be 14 Food and Garment Technology Students, 5 Food and

Garment Technology Instructor/Professor of Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and

Technology and 4 Parents. The study will be conducted at Bicol State College of Applied

Sciences and Technology. The result of the evaluation that was gathered, analyzed and

determined on how millionaire vines was accepted.

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Statistical Treatment

The product were evaluated using a questionnaire with a five-point likert scale:

Weighted mean was used in interpreting the data gathered in the evaluation of the acceptability

level of the product.

Likert Scale
4.51 - 5.00 Highly Acceptable
3.51 - 4.50 Moderately Acceptable
2.51 – 3.50 Acceptable
1.51 – 2.50 Less Acceptable
1.00 – 1.50 Unacceptable

The formula for the weighted mean:

𝐹𝑥
Wm =
𝑓

Mw = is the weighted mean

Fx = is the sum of the products of the weights and the frequency
F = is the frequency
x = is the weight
f = is the sum of the frequencies or the total number of respondents

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Materials and Equipment

Table 3.2 Materials

Pictures Name Description

It is a main source of
fiber, used as raw material
Millionaire vines
in creating Millionaire
vines fabric.

It is a material used in
rinsing the fiber after
Tap water
pounding the leaves prior
to dying

It is a material used to
Dye change the natural color
of the fiber

A material used for

Thai Silk cloth binding the edges of
placemats

A material used for

Thread sewing two pieces of
cloth

Table 3.3 Tools

Pictures Name Description

it is a tool used to
Stone
pound the millionaire
vines

It is a tool used to
harvest the millionaire
Shears vines also to cut the
excess fiber and
materials

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Table 3.4 Equipment

Pictures Name Description

It is an equipment
used for weaving and
Loom
thread to produce a
raw material

It is equipment used
that served as a
Calderon container to boil the
dye along with the
fiber.

An equipment used as
Tailor’s Chalk guide for cutting a
material

An equipment used to
measure the length
Tape Measure
and width of the
placemats

It is a machine used to
Sewing Machine
finished the edges of
the placemats

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Cost of Materials

Table 3.5 Costing of Supplies and Materials for making Fabric

Quantity Unit Description Unit Cost Total Cost

5 Kilograms Millionaire 2.00

10.00
vines

Millionaire
3 Kilograms 50.00 150.00
vines fiber

Service fee 2,000.00

Total ₱2,160.00

Table 3.6 Costing of Supplies and Materials for making Placemat

Quantity Unit Description Unit Cost Total Cost

½ Yard Thai Silk cloth 100.00 50.00

12 Pieces Dye 4.00 48.00

Total ₱98.00

The total cost of the supplies, materials and labor used for 12 inches × 18 inches × 4

pieces placemats out of millionaire vines fiber was Php. 2,258.00.

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 Chapter IV

PLACEMATS FROM MILLIONAIRE VINES FIBER (CISSUS VERTICILLATA)

This chapter presents the procedure and results along the objectives of the study.

Fiber extraction from Millionaire Vines (cissus verticillata)

The process of fiber extraction from millionaire vines is as follows:

1. Harvesting of millionaire vines

2. Selecting of vines at its middle age

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3. Pounding method by the used of stone for fiber extraction of millionaire vines

4. Cleansing of fibers to remove excess tissues

5. Air Drying of fibers within 5-8 minutes

24
6. Dyeing of millionaire vines fiber

7. Weaving of millionaire vines fiber

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Figure 4.1 Weaving Process

STEP 1
STEP 2
Winding threads on the
Wrapping onto the back beam
warping board

STEP 4 STEP 3
Inserting threads in the reed Threading through the heedles

STEP 6
STEP 5
The foot treadles operate the
Thread tied into the parallel log
harnesses to go up and down

STEP 8
Repeat the process of Inserting
fiber pass through the shed
using the harnesses untill the
desired size
STEP 7
Inserting fiber pass through the
shed using the harnesses

26
Figure 4.2 Making the Placemats

1. Measure the millionaire vines fabric into 18” in length by 12” in width

2. Cut the Millionaire vines fabric (18”x12”)

3. For binding: Cut the Thai Silk cloth into 3 ½ x 19 inches for length and 3 ½ x 13
inches for width

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4. Sew the edges of binding

5. Attach binding to the millionaires vines fabric

6. Add hand stitching embroidery to enhance the appearance of the placemat

28
Acceptability Level of Placemats out of Millionaire Vines Fiber (cissus verticillata)

This study determined the acceptability level of millionaire vines fiber along

the design, durability and functionality.

Table 4.1 Acceptability Level of Design

Indicator Weighted Mean Verbal description

4.7 Highly Acceptable

Balance

Color 4.05 Moderately Acceptable

Texture 4.62 Highly Acceptable

Average 4.46 Moderately Acceptable

The table 4.1 shows that the product’s design in general is moderately acceptable with

4.46 as general average mean. It revealed that the design of the placemat in terms of balance

weighted mean of 4.7 which indicates that it is “highly acceptable”. The placemat’s design in

terms of color is 4.05 which indicates that it is “moderately acceptable” and in terms of texture

the general weighted mean is 4.62 which indicates that it is “highly acceptable”.

29
Table 4.2 Acceptability Level of Durability

Indicator Weighted Mean Verbal Description

4.42 Moderately Acceptable

Flexibility

Abrasion resistance 4.52 Highly Acceptable

Water-absorbency 4.4 Moderately Acceptable

Average 4.45 Moderately Acceptable

The table 4.2 shows that the product’s durability in general is moderately acceptable

with 4.45 as general average mean. It tells that the flexibility of placemats is moderately

acceptable with a mean of 4.432. The placemat’s durability, in terms of abrasion has a mean

of 4.52 which indicates that it is “highly acceptable” and abrasion resistant. In terms of

placemat’s water-absorbency is 4.4 indicating that it is “moderately acceptable”.

30
Table 4.3 Acceptability Level of Functionality

Indicator Weighted Mean Verbal Description

The placemats is suitable for the

4.9 Highly Acceptable
standard size of table.

The placemats can protect the

table from stains 4.73 Highly Acceptable

Average 4.8 Highly Acceptable

The table 4.3 shows the criterion for functionality. The placemat is rated on an average

of 4.8 which describes the placemats as highly acceptable in terms of its functionality. The

placemats is suitable for the standard size of table has a weighted mean of 4.9 which is “highly

acceptable”. A weighted mean of 4.73 in terms of the placemats can protection of the table

from stains is “highly acceptable”.

31
Table 4.4 Summary of Evaluation

Qualities Weighted Mean Verbal Description

Design 4.46 Moderately Acceptable

Durability 4.45 Moderately Acceptable

Functionality 4.8 Highly Acceptable

Average 4.57 Highly Acceptable

The table 4.4 shows the summary of evaluation in terms of acceptability level of

placemats out of millionaire vines fiber along design, durability and functionality as rated by

the respondents which has a average weighted mean of 4.57 indicating that it is highly

acceptable.

32
 Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter features the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations work

out by the researchers through the results and findings gathered from the conducted study in

order to prepare placemats from Millionaire vines fiber.

There are two types of fabric, the natural and the synthetic fabric yet the synthetic

materials contribute environmental degradation. To minimize the use of synthetic materials,

the researchers conducted a study to produce another kind of natural fabric from Millionaire

Vines fiber (cissus verticillata), and also to create placemats using this raw material due to the

stiffness quality and length of this fiber. These study have three main objectives: Determine

the extraction process in from Millionaire vines; Establish the procedures in creating the

placemats from Millionaire vines fiber; Evaluate the acceptability level of Millionaire vines

placemat along with design, durability and functionality.

Methods

Research and Development Process (R and D) was used in the study. The researchers

where be able to produce a new product, based on the information that gathers from the study.

The Research and Development method deals with planning, constructing and evaluation of

the product.

Problem no. 1

33
 Determine the fiber extraction process from Millionaires vines.

Findings

The fiber extraction process involved in developing new kind of natural product from

Millionaires vines begins with the harvesting of Millionaire vines, and by selecting of vines at

its middle age. Next is the pounding method by the used of stone for fiber extraction of

millionaire vines. The researchers also try to use the retting method in a container together the

vines, that contains .25 L of water in 3 days which is result to unsatisfied quality of fiber and

it costly too much time to rot away the cellular tissues and pectins surrounding bast-fiber

bundles. And after the extraction process it may proceed on cleansing of fibers to remove

excess tissues in order to be neat and avoids mildew; Air drying of fibers within 5-8 minutes;

Dyeing and Weaving of millionaire vines fibers.

Problem no. 2

Establish the procedures in creating the placemats from Millionaires vines fiber.

Findings

The following are the procedures in creating placemats from Millionaire vines fiber:

Measure the millionaire vines fabric into 12” wide by 18” length; Cut the millionaire vines

fabric (18”x12”); For binding: Cut the Thai Silk cloth into 3 ½ x 19 inches for length and 3 ½

x 13 inches for wide; Sew the edges of binding by using diagonal stitch; Attach binding to the

millionaires vines fabric; and For finishing product: Hand stitching embroidery.

Problem no. 3

34
 Functionality Evaluate the acceptability level of Millionaires placemats along with:

a. Design

b. Durability

c. Functionality

Findings

With the information gathered on the summary of evaluation of the acceptability level of

the Placemats from Millionaire Fiber (cissus verticillata) along with design, durability and

functionality, wherein the respondents rated the placemats from millionaire vines fiber into an

average mean of 4.46 with a verbal description of moderately acceptable in terms of Design.

The acceptability level the placemats in terms of durability are rated by the respondents which

has a general average mean of 4.45 meaning that it is moderately acceptable while the

acceptability level in terms of functionality which has a general average mean of 4.8 with a

verbal description of highly acceptable.

Conclusion

To obtain the desired product of Millionaires vines fabric, the method and the extraction

process used are systematically followed in order to have good quality fabric from Millionaires

vines fiber. The procedures that established in making placemats from Millionaires vines fiber

are systematically made in order for better result. Therefore, the researchers concluded that the

acceptability level of Placemats from Millionaire Fiber (cissus verticillata) passed the

evaluation conducted. However the product’s design and durability needed an improvement

due its moderately acceptable tabulated results.

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Recommendation

As a recommendation for a better result, cut the vines within the uppermost head in order

to produce a long strand of fiber during harvesting process that will help to maximize the

needed fibers for making fabric. It is preferred to use the middle age vines for easier

extraction of fibers rather than matured vines due to its level of softness during the extraction

process. For furnishing the product to prolong the durability, the researchers would

recommend using a treatment.

Further studied should be able to improve this product for a highly acceptability level in

terms of design, it should use good color combination of fabric neither threads and avoid dull

colors to make it more attractive appearance. For an additional function of this product it is

suggested to make this in another variety of purposes such as wall decoration with a frame.

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