Nominal Planning For UMTS

Nominal Planning for UMTS
Commercial-in-Confidence
Contents
• The site rollout process
• The nominal plan
• Using the nominal plan
Session Aims
• This session answers the following questions:
! What is a nominal plan?
! How does the nominal plan fit into the network rollout process?
! How is a nominal plan created?
! How is a nominal plan used?
What is a nominal plan?
• A nominal plan is initially a
hypothetical wireless network. Nominal Plan
• The nominal plan is the
starting point for the cell rollout Rollout
process and will evolve into process
the final network design.

• As physical sites are identified
Final
and acquired, the nominal plan
is amended. Network
Design
Simplified Network Planning Flowchart

Initial network dimensioning
Create nominal plan
Define search areas
Identify site options
Site selection
Site acquisition
Detailed site design
Site construction
Initial Network Dimensioning

• Spreadsheet based analysis. Typical cell radii estimates
• Used in the license application. Urban Suburban Rural
• Identifies the approximate Voice 1.8 km 3.1 km 4.0 km
number of sites required. 64 kb/s 1.6 km 2.7 km 3.5 km
384 kb/s 1.4 km 2.4 km 3.2 km
• Identifies the approximate site
radii required for: Service supported
! Urban/Suburban/Rural areas Maximum range to support all services
! Voice/Data services Service not supported in this environment
• Used as a major input to the

nominal plan.
Create Nominal Plan

• Position a hexagonal grid of
sites over the desired coverage
area.
• The radius of each hexagon can
be determined from the
previous slide.
• The capacity of the network can
then be analyzed to detect:
! Hot spots that require cell splits.
! Under used cells that could be
removed from the plan. Example nominal plan for Jersey
Define Search Areas

• The sites in a nominal plan are only imaginary.
• To become a real network, physical sites are required.
• A suitable physical site must be found for each nominal site.
• A suitable physical site must amongst other things:
! Give adequate radio coverage.
! Have connectivity into the transmission network.
! Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community.
! Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.
• A survey of each nominal site is normally carried out to identify
possible site options which meet the above criteria.
Define Search Areas

• Guidelines have to be given to the surveyor so the options give
appropriate radio coverage.
• The guideline is given in the form of a search area. Could be:
! Radius from the nominal site.
! One or more polygons following height contours.
Or
Identify Site Options

• Surveyor visits each search area and identifies potential site options.
• The first sites to be considered should be
! Existing radio sites.
! Sites offered from major site owners (MSO) E.g. Utilities & Railways.
• All options should meet certain criteria to ensure that they are
! Technically acceptable.
! Buildable
• A good idea to consult with the planning/zoning authority during the
survey.
• Good training of surveyors will save time later in the build process.
Identify Site Options

• The surveyor will prepare a
report listing the options.
• Report will include: A
! Accurate grid reference.
! Accurate height of structures D
or available antenna windows.
! Photographs of the site. C B
! 360º panoramic photos from
site or if obstructed from
nearby location/structure.
Site Selection
• Normally a desk study.
• Evaluate radio coverage and
transmission.
A3rd
! Quickly eliminate unsuitable
options.
D1st
! Rank the remaining sites in
order of preference.
C2nd
• Nominate a preferred option B - Unsuitable
and possibly a backup option.
Site Acquisition
• Run more than one site simultaneously.
• Negotiate with site owners.
• Prepare drawings.
• Draw up leases.
• Apply for planning permissions.
• Apply for power wayleaves.
• As soon as one option is ready to proceed
! Sign the lease
! Abandon the alternative
! Enter site into building program.
Detailed Site Design

• Prior to commencement of 300º 60º
construction work, a detailed
site design is required. Ant 6 Ant 1
• Includes 300º 60º
! Antenna and feeder Ant 5
requirements. Ant 2
! Antenna azimuths and tilts.
Ant 4 Ant 3
! Equipment capacity
requirements
180º 180º
• Can’t be completed in isolation.
Must take into account other
sites.
Creating a Nominal Plan

• At the start of the cell rollout program, the nominal plan is
only a rough outline of the network.
• Static calculations will give adequate results at this stage.
• Static simulations could be used, but the time taken to
analyze the entire network would be prohibitive.
• It is more appropriate to analyze the nominal plan with
ASSET rather than 3G at this stage.
Setting up ASSET for Nominal Planning
Create a UMTS
propagation model
Import suitable antenna

patterns
Create UMTS cell layer
Create UMTS site

templates
Create a UMTS Propagation Model

• In a real network rollout one of Parameter
Model Type
Setting
Standard Macrocell
Clutter Type
Unclassified
Offset
0
the first tasks of the radio Frequency
Mobile Rx Height
2.2
1.5
Urban
Suburban Residential
10
5
engineers would be to calibrate Effective Earth Radius
K1
8491
143
Village
Isolated Dwellings
3
2
a UMTS propagation model. K2

K3
42
-2.55
Open Rural
Woodland Forest
1
7
K4 0 Park Recreational 2
• For the purposes of the K5

K6
-13.82
-6.55
Industry
Water
5
0
following sections we will K7

Eff. Ant. Height
0.8
Relative
Airport
Open in urban
1
5
assume that this has been Diffraction

Merge knife edges
Bullington
0
Agricultural land
Pylons
1
1
completed. Sea
Rivers
0
0
• Set up a propagation model with

the parameters described here.
Import Antenna Pattern

• Import the antenna patterns
supplied by the manufacturers.
• For the purpose of this exercise
several antenna patterns have
been supplied.
! An Omni
! An 85º Sector
Create Coverage Schema & Cell Layer

• The only parameters that are
necessary to set on the cell layer
are the signal thresholds and the
coverage schema.
• These are derived from the link
budgets used in the network
dimensioning.
Create Site Templates

• Create default nominal sites Level
Site
Tab
General
Field
Hex Radius
Setting
#1
Cell General Model UMTS
! either an omni site. Cell Cell Config Antenna 85 XP
Cell Cell Config Downtilt 4
! and/or a sector site. Cell Cell Config Height 20
Cell Cell Config Azimuth #2
• 3 sector parameters listed here. UMTS cell layer Antenna/TRX PA output 33
#1 Will depend on area type eg

Urban/Suburban/Rural
#2 Typically either 0º, 120º, 240º
or 60º, 180º, 300º.
Creating a Nominal Plan

• From the link budgets, identify
the cell radius for each
environment to be planned.
• Create a UMTS site template
• For each environment, position
a hexagonal grid of sites with
the appropriate cell radii over
the target coverage area.
Locating Urban Nominal Sites

• Define mid hexagon radius as • Position a grid of sufficient sites
1400m and select in the site to cover the urban areas.
template.
Locating Rural Nominal Sites

• Define mid hexagon radius as • Position a grid of sufficient sites
4000m and select in the site to cover the rural areas.
template.
Evaluate Nominal Network Coverage

• Run a coverage array for the
nominal network.
• Check that the coverage is in
line with your expectations.
! The coverage will never exactly
match your hexagon radii.
! If coverage is significantly better
or worse than anticipated
review cell radius calculations
and hexagon radii.
Evaluate Nominal Network Capacity

• Create a traffic raster for each
service.
Create Traffic Raster
! Create a terminal type for each
service.
! Spread traffic for each terminal Capture Traffic
type to simulate users.
• Analyze how much traffic each Evaluate Each Cells
cell will pick up (capture). Required Capacity
• Evaluate if each cell has
sufficient capacity. Re-Engineer
Network (if required)
Create Terminal Types

• Create a circuit switched Clutter Type Weight
Unclassified 0
terminal type for each service. Urban 500
Suburban Residential 20
• Allocate traffic to simulate Village 10
users. Isolated Dwellings
Open Rural
1
1
Woodland Forest 2
! Voice = 200 Erlangs Park Recreational 5
Industry 10
! 384 kb/s = 100 Erlangs Water 0
(simulating 100 terminals) Airport 5
Open in urban 30
Agricultural land 1
Pylons 1
Sea 0
Rivers 0
Spread Voice Traffic

• Spread the traffic on the voice
terminal type over the island.
Create Coverage Array (Voice)

• Set the minimum service level
in the Array Settings window
to match the minimum
threshold for speech services.
! i.e. -114dBm
• Create coverage array as
usual.
Analyze Voice Traffic

Cell: CS Traffic(E)
• Use the traffic analysis tool to Site0A:
Site0B:
1.27874
18.989
estimate the voice traffic per Site0C: 2.64128
cell. Site1A:
Site1B:
18.1042
0.099755
Site1C: 1.71587
Site2A: 2.13376
Site2B: 1.58312
Site2C: 105.062
Site3A: 11.8475
Site3B: 2.43671
Site3C: 12.1231
Site4A: 2.06883
Site4B: 1.76368
Site4C: 1.87409
Site5A: 1.58884
Site5B: 3.31571
Site5C: 3.13637
Site6A: 1.81907
Site6B: 3.5485
Spread Data Traffic

• Spread the traffic on the data
terminal type over the island.
Create Coverage Array (Data)

• Set the minimum service level
in the Array Settings window
to match the minimum
threshold for data services.
! i.e. -96dBm
• Create coverage array as
usual.
Analyze Data Traffic

• Use the traffic analysis tool to Cell:
Site0A:
Packet users
0.617848
estimate the voice traffic per Site0B:

Site0C:
9.13428
1.23677
cell. Site1A:
Site1B:
9.05208
0.0498775
Site1C: 0.769083
Site2A: 0.732088
Site2B: 0.687448
Site2C: 52.4403
Site3A: 5.71852
Site3B: 0.963885
Site3C: 5.90523
Site4A: 0.496473
Site4B: 0.396895
Site4C: 0.889275
Site5A: 0.337783
Site5B: 0.733785
Site5C: 0.781533
Site6A: 0.754625
Site6B: 1.74732
Site6C: 1.42162
Evaluating Traffic Requirements (1)

Load
Peak
traffic
Spare capacity for which
can be allocated to non
real time applications Average circuit
switched traffic
Real time non-controllable load
Time
• To evaluate the cell capacity
! First assume that the packet data can be scheduled to fill the spare real
time capacity.
! When all the spare real time capacity has been exhausted we must
convert the remaining capacity to 12.2kb/s voice equivalent circuits.
! It is now possible to estimate whether the cells capacity has been
exceeded.
• Assume that a cell with a capacity of 60 12.2kb/s voice circuits
captures:
! 1.58 Erlangs of voice traffic.
! 0.69 384kb/s data users.

Average capacity available for packet data
Captured circuit
Erlang B Formula 5 circuits
switched Traffic = 5 - 1.58 = 3.42 Erlangs
(2% GOS) required
= 1.58 Erlangs
or 3.42 x 12.2 = 41.69 kb/s
5 Erlangs Offered packet data

3.42 Erlangs = 0.69 x 384 = 263.98 kb/s
1.58
Erlangs
Extra capacity required for packet data
= 263.98 - 41.69 = 222.29 kb/s
or 222.29 = 19 voice equivalent circuits
12.2
Total voice equivalent circuits required

= 5 + 19 = 24

Extra
Voice Extra
Data rate No of 384 Data rate voice Total
equivalent capacity
Voice Voice available kb/s required equivalent voice
circuits required OVERLOAD
(erlangs (circuits for packet packet for packet circuits equivalent
available for packet STATUS
offered) required) data data data required circuits
for packet data
(kb/s) users (kb/s) for packet required
data (kb/s)
data
Site0A: 1.27874 5 3.72 45.40 0.62 237.25 191.85 16 21 OK
Site0B: 18.989 27 8.01 97.73 9.13 3507.56 3409.83 280 307 OVERLOAD
Site0C: 2.64128 7 4.36 53.18 1.24 474.92 421.74 35 42 OK
Site1A: 18.1042 26 7.90 96.33 9.05 3476.00 3379.67 278 304 OVERLOAD
Site1B: 0.099755 2 1.90 23.18 0.05 19.15 0.00 0 2 OK
Site1C: 1.71587 6 4.28 52.27 0.77 295.33 243.06 20 26 OK
Site2A: 2.13376 6 3.87 47.17 0.73 281.12 233.95 20 26 OK
Site2B: 1.58312 5 3.42 41.69 0.69 263.98 222.29 19 24 OK
Site2C: 105.062 118 12.94 157.84 52.44 20137.08 19979.23 1638 1756 OVERLOAD
Site3A: 11.8475 19 7.15 87.26 5.72 2195.91 2108.65 173 192 OVERLOAD
Site3B: 2.43671 7 4.56 55.67 0.96 370.13 314.46 26 33 OK
Site3C: 12.1231 19 6.88 83.90 5.91 2267.61 2183.71 179 198 OVERLOAD
Site4A: 2.06883 6 3.93 47.96 0.50 190.65 142.69 12 18 OK
Site4B: 1.76368 6 4.24 51.68 0.40 152.41 100.72 9 15 OK
Site4C: 1.87409 6 4.13 50.34 0.89 341.48 291.15 24 30 OK
Site5A: 1.58884 5 3.41 41.62 0.34 129.71 88.09 8 13 OK
Site5B: 3.31571 8 4.68 57.15 0.73 281.77 224.63 19 27 OK
Site5C: 3.13637 8 4.86 59.34 0.78 300.11 240.77 20 28 OK
Site6A: 1.81907 6 4.18 51.01 0.75 289.78 238.77 20 26 OK
Site6B: 3.5485 8 4.45 54.31 1.75 670.97 616.66 51 59 OK
Site6C: 2.84358 7 4.16 50.71 1.42 545.90 495.19 41 48 OK
• From the previous slide
! Five cells are predicted as being overloaded.
! One cell if close to being overloaded.
• All six cells need to be split for zero congestion.
! Any congested omni sites should be sectored.
! Sectored sites need to be offloaded onto new cells.
• After modifying the nominal plan, repeat the capacity
analysis to ensure that the network is properly
dimensioned.

Nominal Planning For UMTS

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Nominal Planning For UMTS

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Nominal Planning for UMTS

Nominal Planning for UMTS

the final network design.

Simplified Network Planning Flowchart

Create nominal plan

Define search areas

Identify site options

Detailed site design

Initial Network Dimensioning

! Urban/Suburban/Rural areas Maximum range to support all services

! Voice/Data services Service not supported in this environment

• Used as a major input to the

Create Nominal Plan

Define Search Areas

Define Search Areas

Identify Site Options

Identify Site Options

Detailed Site Design

Creating a Nominal Plan

Setting up ASSET for Nominal Planning

Import suitable antenna

Create UMTS cell layer

Create UMTS site

Create a UMTS Propagation Model

a UMTS propagation model. K2

• For the purposes of the K5

following sections we will K7

assume that this has been Diffraction

• Set up a propagation model with

Import Antenna Pattern

Create Coverage Schema & Cell Layer

Create Site Templates

#1 Will depend on area type eg

Creating a Nominal Plan

Locating Urban Nominal Sites

Locating Rural Nominal Sites

Evaluate Nominal Network Coverage

Evaluate Nominal Network Capacity

Create Terminal Types

Spread Voice Traffic

Create Coverage Array (Voice)

Analyze Voice Traffic

Spread Data Traffic

Create Coverage Array (Data)

Analyze Data Traffic

estimate the voice traffic per Site0B:

Evaluating Traffic Requirements (1)

Real time non-controllable load

Evaluating Traffic Requirements (3)

5 Erlangs Offered packet data

Total voice equivalent circuits required

Evaluating Traffic Requirements (4)

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