THE ORGANIZATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND MEMORY IN

HUMAN MIND

By :
Kurnia Nur Ainy, S. Pd

PPG DALAM JABATAN

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2018
 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Human mind is a complex system that researchers scrutinize to know how exactly we
process information, retain or recall memories, and yield creativity and arts. The
understanding of how human mind ‘works’ will give benefit on many aspects; of why
people have different talents and interests and why people process information and give
feedback in a different way.

It is the unseen factor that differentiates people because every human has the same
brain with the most potential. However, there are some factors like the environment, age,
mental and physical conditions that make them produce different results and different
interests.

In teaching and learning process, the understanding of the human mind is essential to
help learners learn better using their modality that is how each individual process
information differently. Teachers should take into account the knowledge of how human
mind process information because it will give them an insight to treat each students so
they can achieve the best learning result according to their learning style.

B. Formulation of the Problem

The formulation of the problem in this paper is how is the organization of knowledge
and memory in human mind?

C. Purpose of the Paper

The purpose of this paper is to describe the organization of knowledge and memory in
human mind and the implication in the teaching and learning process.

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 CHAPTER II DISCUSSION

A. The definition of Memory

According to Jauhhari and Rezkiannor (2013) memory is an ability to receive,
store, and reproduce knowledge. They further states that memory is influenced by:
1. Character
2. Environment
3. Physical condition
4. Mental condition
5. Age
Memory involves what we see and what we experience and record it in our
brain. Memory uses that to do activities. However, not all of the experiences can
be retained. Only the specific and memorable experience can be restored.
There are three stages of information retention.
1. Encoding
It is the process when information is received.
2. Storage
It is the commemoration of the information received.
3. Retrieval stage
It is the phase when the information is recalled.
According to https://dosenpsikologi.com/memori-dalam-psikologi (retrieved
on June 22, 2018) there are several types of memory. They are as follows.
1. Sensory memory
Sensory memory is related to the retention of information that is gained
through senses. Sensory memory is the process of acquiring
information through sensory neuron in a limited time.
a. Encoding process: When the eyes see something, the object
description is passed to the memory in the brain through the neuron.
b. Storage: Sensory memory has a big memory capacity but it does
not last long.
2. Short term memory
Short term memory is the process of storing information temporarily.
a. Encoding: Information gained will be received by the brain through
process control. It is the process which manages the incoming
information and the speed of information.
b. Storage: Memory capacity is very limited so it has a big chance to
disappear.

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 c. Retrieval: retention process does not last long because the memory
capacity is limited. To recall the short term memory, we can do
parallel search or serial search.
3. Long term memory
Long term memory is the retention of experiences that can be stored in
a relatively long and permanent time.
a. Encoding : The process is almost at the same time with the long
term memory but after that semantic and coding are done. The data
will be further analyzed.
b. Storage : encoding process is done by filtering the core of the
information received. By doing this, retention will last longer.
Besides, memory capacity is bigger so the memories will
permanently be retained.
B. The Definition of Knowledge
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, knowledge is any information,
understanding, or skill that you get from experience or education. While
Henriques (2013) states knowledge is the awareness of or familiarity with
various objects, events, ideas, or ways of doing things. He further explains that
knowledge is divided into three domains. They are personal, procedural, and
propositional.
1. Personal knowledge relates to first hand experience, idiosyncratic
preferences, and autobiographical facts.
2. Procedural knowledge refers to knowledge how to do something, such as
how to play basketball or ride a bike.
3. Propositional knowledge refers to general truth claims about the world and
how we know it.

C. The Implication in the teaching and learning process

According to Edgar Dale’s cone of learning in Nadhrah people generally
remember:
1. 10 % of what they read
2. 20 % of what they hear
3. 30 % of what they see
4. 50 % of what they say and write
5. 90 % of
what they
do
The diagram is as
follows.

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 Source : https://sites.google.com/site/educationeng2/nadhrah2
It can be concluded that learners will memorize better if they are involved in
the learning process. They will retain the knowledge in the long term memory. By
this fact, teachers should realize that they have to change their method of
instruction from one way interaction into two way interaction.
The examples of the activities are:
1. Role playing a story in narrative teaching.
2. Finding authentic advertisements when learning about advertisements.
3. Analyzing editorial page of a newspaper in analytical exposition learning.
4. Using wattpad application to learn about narrative text.
There are many options that teachers can do in the classroom to engage
the students’ learning. The important point to consider is how to make the activities
memorable to the learners so that they achieve meaningful learning and retain the
material longer.

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the knowledge and memory in human mind can be divided into three
kinds. They are sensory memory, short term memory, and long term memory. Teachers
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should realize these types so that they can design a lesson that is meaningful and
memorable.

REFERENCES
http://msyahrizarezkianoor.blogspot.com/2015/05/psikologi-ingatan-memori.html
(retrieved on June 21, 2018)
https://dosenpsikologi.com/memori-dalam-psikologi
(retrieved on June 21, 2018)
https://www.slideshare.net/EMCLapuz/the-organization-of-knowledge-in-mind-chapter8-
cognitive-psychology-sternberg
(retrieved on June 21, 2018)
https://sites.google.com/site/educationeng2/nadhrah2
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/theory-knowledge/201312/what-is-knowledge-
brief-primer