DESIGN OF DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING MICRO

CONTROLLER

Aim:

The aim this project is to control the speed of the dc motor using PWM technique.

Introduction:

The electric drive systems used in many industrial applications require higher
performance, reliability, variable speed due to its ease of controllability. The speed control of DC
motor is very crucial in applications where precision and protection are of essence. Purpose of a
motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the required speed and to drive a motor at
that speed.

Microcontrollers can provide easy control of DC motor. Microcontroller based speed

control system consist of electronic component, microcontroller and the LCD. In this paper,
implementation of the AT89S52 microcontroller for speed control of DC motor with a high
frequency PWM signal is studied. Controlling the PWM duty cycle is equivalent to controlling
the motor terminal voltage, which in turn adjusts directly the motor speed.

This work is a practical one and high feasibility according to economic point of view and
accuracy. In this work, development of hardware and software of dc motor speed control system
have been explained and illustrated. The desired objective is to achieve a system with the
constant speed at any load condition. That means motor will run at a fixed speed instead of
varying with amount of load.

The major building blocks of the projects are:

1. Power supply section

2. Controller section
3. Display section
4. Driver IC section
 Whenever the 230v ac supply is connected to the step down transformer the transformer
steps down the voltage to the 12v ac. This is converted into pulsating dc by the bridge rectifier
formed by connecting the 1n4007 diodes. The output of diodes is connected across the 1000uf
35v capacitor to filter the ripples in the pulsating dc. This pure dc is connected to the 7805
voltage regulator IC. The voltage regulator IC gives the regulated 5v output. This 5v pure
regulated dc is used in the circuits.

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K

bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s
high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51
instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed
in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit
CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a
powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications.

As soon as the power is on the controller will take the data from the key pad and it will
generate the PWM required for the motor to rotate at that speed. The pulse is then given to the
l293d IC. This is a driver IC which is used to drive the dc motor. This speed is displayed on the
LCD and the PWM of the controller is varied according to the input given to the controller
through keypad. This makes the speed of the motor to be constant even if the load on the motor
is increased.

Advantages:

1) Wide range of operation.

2) Speed is accurate.
3) Smooth speed control is possible.

Applications:

1) Used in industries for variable speed applications

Block diagram:

SOFTWARE TOOLS USED:

1. Embedded C programming language

2. KEIL IDE for writing the program for micro controller

3. PROLOAD for dumping

4. ORCAD to draw the schematic diagram

HARDWARE USED:

1. AT89s52 Micro Controller

2. Power supply

3. LCD Display

4. Switches

5. L293d driver IC.