IMPORANT QUESTIONS FOR CBSE-2019

UNIT-8
Atoms & Nuclei
Q:-1 Define ionization energy .What is its value for hydrogen atom?

Ans The minimum energy required to removed an electron from atom to infinitely for away
is called the ionization energy.

The ionization energy for hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.

Q:-2 Define half -life of a radioactive sample .which of the following radiations : α –rays ,β –
rays and γ-rays

(i) Are similar to X-rays

(ii) Are easily absorbed by matter
(iii) Travel with the greatest speed
(iv) Are similar in nature to cathode rays ?

Q:-3 Define the term ‘ Activity ‘ of a radioactive substance .State its SI unit .Give plot of
activity of a radioactive species versus time.

Q:-4 Draw the graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with the mass
number.What are the main inferences from the graph? Explain with the help of this plot the
release of energy in the processes of nuclear fission and fusion .

Q:-5 How does the size of nucleus depend on its mass number ? Hence explain why the
density of nuclear matter in independent of the size of nucleus?

Q:-6 Distinguish between isotops and isobars. Give one example for each of the species?

Ans

Isotopes Isobars
The nuclides having the same The nuclides having the same atomic
atomic number Z but different mass (A) but different atomic numbers (Z)
atomic mass (A) are called isotopes are called isobars .
Examples : Example :-
1 2 3 3
1H ,1H 1H , 2He

Q:-7 Group the following six nuclides into three pairs (i) isotones (ii) isotopes(iii) isobars ?
12 3
6C , 2He , 80Hg198 , 1H3 ,79Au197 , 6C14
 198
Ans Isotones:- 80Hg and 79Au197 (same number of neutrons A-Z )
12 14
Isotopes : 6C and 6C (same atomic number )
3 3
Isobars :- 2He and 1H ( same mass number )

Q:-8 You are given two nuclides 3X7 and 3Y4

(i) Are they isotopes of the same element ? Why ?

(ii) Which one of the two is likely to be more stable?

Ans (i) The two nuclides are isotopes of the same elements because they have the same Z.

(2) The nuclide 3Y4 is more stable because is has less neutron to proton ratio .
-λt
Q:- 9 Derive the relation Nt = N0e

Or

Use basic law of radioactive decay to show that radioactive nuclei follow an exponential decay
law?

Or

State the law of radioactive decay .If No is the number of radioactive nuclei at some initial time t
0 ,find out the relation to determine the number N present at a subsequent time .Draw a plot of
N as a function of time ?

Q:-10 Derive expression for average life of a radio nuclei .Give its relationship with half life ?