6.4 – EXERCÍCIOS – pg.

250

Calcular as integrais seguintes usando o método da substituição.

∫ (2 x
2
1. + 2 x − 3)10 (2 x + 1) dx

Fazendo − se :
u = 2x 2 + 2x − 3
du = (4 x + 2)dx = 2(2 x + 1)dx
Temos :
1 (2 x 2 + 2 x − 3)11
∫ (2 x + 2 x − 3) (2 x + 1) dx = 2
2 10
+ c.
11

∫ (x
3
2. − 2)1 / 7 x 2 dx

Fazendo − se :
u = x3 − 2
du = 3 x 2 dx
Temos :
8

(
1 x3 − 2 ) 7
7 3
(
8

)
∫ ( x − 2)
3 1/ 7 2
x dx = +c = x − 2 7 + c.
3 8 24
7

x dx
3. ∫ 5
x2 − 1
−1
∫ (x
2
− 1) 5 x dx
Fazendo − se :
u = x2 −1
du = 2 x dx
Temos :
x dx 1 x2 −1 ( )
4/5
5 4

∫ 5
=
x2 −1 2 4
+ c = ( x 2 − 1) 5 + c
8
5

4. ∫ 5x 4 − 3 x 2 dx

451
 1

= ∫ 5 x (4 − 3 x 2 ) 2 dx = ∫ 5 x 4 − 3 x 2 2 dx
1
( )
Fazendo − se :
u = 4 − 3x 2
du = −6 x dx
Temos :
3

− 1 4 − 3x 2 ( )
2
−5
( )
3

∫
2
5 x 4 − 3 x dx = 5 . +c= 4 − 3 x 2 2 + c.
6 3 9
2

5. ∫ x 2 + 2 x 4 dx

(
= ∫ x 1 + 2 x 2 2 dx )
3

=
1 1 + 2x 2( ) 2

+c Fazendo:
u = 1 + 2x2
4 3 du = 4 x dx
2
1 3

6
(
= 1 + 2x 2 ) 2
+c

∫ (e
2t 1
6. + 2) 3 e 2t dt

Fazendo − se :
u = e2t + 2
du = 2e 2t dt
Temos :
4
1 e 2t + 2 ( )3 3 2t
(
4

)
∫
2t 1 2t
( e + 2 ) e dt = 3
+c= e + 2 3 + c.
2 4 8
3

et dt
7. ∫ et + 4
du
=∫ = ln et + 4 + c , sendo que u = et + 4 e du = et dt.
u

e1 / x + 2
8. ∫ x 2 dx

452
 1 1 1 x −1 1 2
= ∫ex 2
dx + ∫ 2 x −2
dx = − e x
+ 2 . + c = −e x − + c.
x −1 x
Considerando - se :
1
u = ex
1 −1
du = e x . .
x2

∫ tg x sec
2
9. x dx

tg 2 x u = tg x
= + c . considerando-se:
2 du = sec 2 x dx

∫ sen x cos x dx
4
10.

sen 5 x u = sen x
= +c considerando-se:
5 du = cos x dx

sen x
11. ∫ cos 5
x
dx

= ∫ cos −5 x . sen x dx
cos − 4 x 1 u = cos x
=− = +c utilizando:
−4 4 cos 4 x du = − senxdx
1
= sec 4 x + c
4
2 sen x − 5 cos x
12. ∫ cos x
dx

sen x
= 2∫ − 5 ∫ dx u = cos x
cos x utilizando:
du = − senxdx
= −2 ln | cos x | −5 x + c

∫e
x
13. cos 2 e x dx

1
= sen 2e x + c.
2
Considerando - se :
u = 2e x
du = 2e x dx.

453
 x
∫ 2 cos x
2
14. dx

11 1
= sen x 2 + c = sen x 2 + c
22 4
Considerando - se :
u = x2
du = 2 x dx.

15. ∫ sen (5θ − π )dθ

1
= − cos (5θ − π ) + c.
5
Considerando - se :
u = 5θ − π
du = 5dθ .

arc sen y
16. ∫2 1 − y2
dy

2
1 (arc sen y ) 1 2
= + c = (arc sen y ) + c.
2 2 4
Considerando - se :
u = arc sen y
1
du = dy.
1 − y2

2 sec 2 θ
17. ∫ a + b tg θ dθ
1
= 2. ln | a + b tgθ | +C
b
Considerando-se:

u = a + b tgθ
du = b. sec 2 θ dθ

dx
18. ∫ 16 + x 2

454
 x
u=
1 dx 1 x 1 x 4
16 ∫
= 2
= 4 arc tg + c = arc tg + c , utilizando:
 x 16 4 4 4 1
1+   du = dx
4 4

dy
19. ∫y 2
− 4y + 4

dy ( y − 2) −1 1 u = y−2
=∫ 2
= ∫ ( y − 2 ) −2
dy = + c = + c , utilizando:
( y − 2) −1 2− y du = dy

20. ∫ 3 sen θ cos θ dθ

( senθ ) 4 / 3 3 4
= ∫ (senθ ) cos θ dθ =
1/ 3
+ c = sen 3θ + c.
4 4
3

ln x 2
21. ∫ x dx
1 ln x 2( 1 )2
1 2 2
+ c = (ln x 2 ) 2 + c = 4 (ln x ) + c = (ln x ) + c.
2 2 4 4
Considerando - se :
u = ln x 2
2x 2
du = = dx.
x2 x

∫ (e + e − ax ) 2 dx
ax
22.

1 2 ax 1 − 2 ax
(
= ∫ e 2 ax + 2 + e − 2 ax dx = )2

2a
e + 2x −
2a
e +c

1 2 ax sen h 2ax
=
2a
(
e − e − 2 ax ) + 2x + c =
a
+ 2 x + c.

23. ∫ 3t 4 + t 2 dt

455
 3

( )
= ∫ t 3t + 1 dt = ∫ t 3t + 1 dt =
2 2
( 2
1

)
2
(
1 3t 2 + 1 2
+c
)
6 3
2
1 3 3
1 3

( ) (
= . . 3t 2 + 1 2 + c = . 3t 2 + 1 2 + c.
6 2 9
)
Considerando-se:

u = 3t 2 + 1
.
du = 6t dt

4 dx
24. ∫ 4x 2
+ 20 x + 34

 5  5
x+  2x + 
= arc tg 
2
+ c = arc tg 
dx 1 2 2
=∫ 2 2
+ c.
 5 3 3 3 3 3
x+  +  2 2
 2 2

3 dx
25. ∫x 2
− 4x + 1

dx
3dx 3 1 dx
=∫ 2
= −3 ∫ 2
= −3 ∫
(x − 2) − 3 3 (x − 2)
−
3
1−
(x − 2)2
3 3 3

x−2
1+
1 3 + c = − 3 ln x + 3 − 2 + c.
= − 3 ln
2 1− x − 2 2 3 +2− x
3

Considerando-se:
2
u 2
=
( x − 2)
3
x−2
u=
3
1
du = dx
3

Resposta alternativa:

456
 x−2 x−2
arc tg h se <1
3 3
x−2 x−2
arc cot g h se > 1.
3 3

e x dx
26. ∫ e2 x + 16
1 ex
= arc tg + c
4 4
Considerando-se:

u 2 =e 2 x
u = ex
du =e 2 xdx

x+3
27. ∫ x −1
dx

u 2u 2  4   du 
=∫ . 2u du = ∫ du = 2 ∫ 1 + 2  du = 2 u + 4 ∫ 2
2
u − 3 −1 2
u −4  u −4  u − 4 
− du u
1+
du 1
= 2u + 8 ∫ 4 2 = 2u − 2 ∫ 2
= 2u − 2 . 2 ln 2 +c
4 u  
u 2 u
− 1−   1−
4 4 2 2

2+u 2+ x+3
= 2u − 2 ln + c = 2 x + 3 − 2 ln + c.
2−u 2− x+3

Considerando-se:

u2 = x + 3
x = u2 − 3
dx = 2u du

3 dx
28. ∫ x ln 2
3x

457
 = ∫ (ln 3 x )
−2 3dx
=3
(ln 3x ) + c = − 3 + c.
x −1 ln 3 x

Considerando-se:
u = ln 3 x
3
du = dx
3x

29. ∫ ( sen 4 x + cos 2π )dx

1
= ∫ sen 4 x dx + cos 2π ∫ dx = (− cos 4 x ) + x cos 2π + c.
4

∫2
x 2 +1
30. x dx
2 2
1 2 x +1 2x
= +c= + c.
2 ln 2 ln 2

Considerando-se:

u = x2 + 1
du = 2 x dx

∫x e
3x2
31. dx

1 3x 2
= e +c
6
Considerando-se:

u = 3x 2
du = 6 x dx

dt
32. ∫ (2 + t ) 2

(2 + t ) −1 −1
= ∫ (2 + t ) =
−2
+c= +c.
−1 2+t
Considerando-se:

u = 2+t
du = dt

458
 dt
33. ∫ t ln t
= ln ln t + c.

u = ln t
Considerando-se: dt
du =
t

34. ∫ 8x 1 − 2 x 2 dx

=8
− 1 1 − 2x2 ( )2

+c =
−4
(
3

)
1 − 2 x 2 2 + c.
4 3 3
2
Considerando-se:

u = 1 − 2x2
du = −4 x dx

∫ (e
2x
35. + 2)5 e 2 x dx

=
(
1 e2 x + 2
+c=
1 2x 6 )
6

e + 2 + c. ( )
2 6 12
Considerando-se:

u = e2 x + 2
du = 2e 2 x dx

4t dt
36. ∫ 4t 2 + 5
1
−
(
= ∫ 4t 2 − 5 ) 2 4t dt

=
(
1 4t 2 + 5 2 )
+ c = 4t 2 + 5 + c.
2 1
2
Considerando-se:

u = 4t 2 + 5
du = 8t dt

459
 cos x
37. ∫ 3 − sen x dx
= − ln | 3 − sen x | + c

Considerando-se:
u = 3 − sen x
du = − cos x dx

dv
38. ∫ v (1 + v )5

=2
(1 + v ) −4

+c
−4
1
=− +c
(
2 1+ v ) 4

Considerando-se:

u =1+ v
1
du = dv
2 v

∫x
2
39. 1 + x dx

Considerando-se:

1 + x = u2
x = u 2 − 1 ⇒ dx = 2u du

∫x
2
( )
2
( )
1 + x dx = ∫ u 2 − 1 u 2u du = ∫ u 4 − 2u 2 + 1 2u 2 du
u7 u5 u3
(
= ∫ 2u 6 − 4u 4 + 2u 2 du = 2
7
)
−4 +2 +c
5 3
2
= (1 + x )7 − 4 (1 + x )5 + 2 (1 + x )3 + c
7 5 3
2 3 4 2 2
= (1 + x ) 1 + x − (1 + x ) 1 + x + (1 + x ) 1 + x + c.
7 5 3

∫x e
4 − x5
40. dx

460
 − 1 − x5
= e +c
5
Considerando-se:

u = − x5
du = −5x 4

∫ t cos t dt
2
41.

1 u = t2
= sen t 2 + c , utilizando:
2 du = 2tdt

∫ 8x
2
42. 6 x 3 + 5 dx

=8
1 6 x3 + 5 2 (
+c=
4 2 ) (
3

)
6 x3 + 5 2 + c =
8
(
3

)
6 x 3 + 5 2 + c.
18 3 9 3 27
2
Considerando-se:

u = 6 x3 + 5
du = 18 x 2 dx

∫ sen
1/ 2
43. 2θ cos 2θ dθ

3
1 (sen 2θ )2 1 3/ 2
= + c = (sen 2θ ) + c .
2 3 3
2
Considerando-se:
u = sen 2θ
du = 2 cos 2θ dθ

∫ sec (5x + 3)dx

2
44.

1
= tg (5 x + 3) + c .
5
Considerando-se:

461
 u = 5x + 3
du = 5 dx

sen θ dθ
45. ∫ (5 − cosθ ) 3

=
(5 − cosθ )−2 + c .
−2
Considerando-se:
u = 5 − cos θ
du = sen θ dθ

46. ∫ cot g u du
cos u
=∫ du = ln | sen u | + c
sen u
u = sen u
Considerando-se:
du = cos u du

∫ (1 + e
− at 3 / 2
47. ) e − at dt , a > 0

=
(
− 1 1 + e − at )
2

+c=−
2
(
1 + e − at
5

)
2
+ c.
a 5 5a
2
Considerando-se:

u = 1 + e − at
du = e − at (− a ) dt

cos x
48. ∫ x
dx

= 2 sen x + c .

Considerando-se:

u= x
1
du = dx
2 x

462
49. ∫t t − 4 dt

u5 u3
( ) ( )
= ∫ u 2 + 4 . u 2u du = ∫ 2u 4 + 8u 2 du = 2
5
+8 +c
3
2
= (t − 4)5 + 8 (t − 4)3 + c
5 3
2 2 8
= (t − 4 ) t − 4 + (t − 4) t − 4 + c
5 3
Considerando-se:

t − 4 = u2
t = u 2 + 4 ⇒ dt = 2u du

∫x
2
50. ( sen 2 x 3 + 4 x) dx

−1 x4 −1
= ∫ x 2 sen 2 x 3dx + ∫ 4 x 3dx = cos 2 x 3 + 4 + c = cos 2 x 3 + x 4 + c ,
6 x 6
sendo que na primeira integral usamos:

u = 2 x3
du = 6 x 2 dx

463