Académique Documents
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ip An Information System is defined as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store
and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization
ip Allows managers to plan, monitor, and evaluate operations and performance of an activity
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ip ¦ata in relationships
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ip Ñusiness can counter the threats of competitive forces by implementing five basic competitive
strategies
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¦evelopment of new product or service or finding new ways for distributing products and services
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ip -rganic growth includes expanding a company͛s capacity to produce goods & services,
expanding into global markets and diversifying into new product lines or services
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Establishing new business linkages and alliance with customers, suppliers, competitors,
consultants and other companies
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ip collect and Store information about business transactions (ex: P-, S-, W-, Invoice,
Yaising a material indent, etc)
ip Subsystems are Sales & Marketing Systems, HY, Manufacturing & Production, Finance &
Accounting,
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ip Serves the function of planning, controlling & decision making by providing routine
summary and exception reports ʹ (Standard reports for middle management)
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ip computer systems that use artificial intelligence techniques to solve problems that
requires a knowledgeable human.
ip Expert systems are built with decision making rules, and on the basis of a series of
questions, they narrow down the correct answer.
ip Expert system usually contains two components, a knowledge base and an inference
engine program, enabling it to suggest conclusions.
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3. Ñusinesses must choose elecommunication centralization and
between centralization and networks decentralization
decentralization possible
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4 Managers make all the Software tools ¦ecision making is
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5. Field persons need offices Wireless/internet/laptops Field offices can be
virtual
6. Personal contacts Internet / email Effective contacts
periodically instantly
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Ëp E-business is a new way of conducting, managing, and executing business transactions using I
and telecommunications networks (Internet and Extranet)
c ,(information system infrastructure)
ip his foundation is known as the information system infrastructure (ISI), and it consists of core
networks, databases, software & Hardware. (c- for I investment should include all the
components)
ii. I infrastructure
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ip Processes
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ip A key aspect of Information Security is to preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability
of an organization's information. It is only with this information, that it can engage in
commercial activities. Loss of one or more of these attributes, can threaten the continued
existence of even the largest corporate entities.
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. Assurance that information is shared only among authorized persons or
organizations. Ñreaches of confidentiality can occur when data is not handled in a manner
adequate to safeguard the confidentiality of the information concerned.
ip !. Assurance that the information is authentic and complete. Ensuring that information
can be relied upon to be sufficiently accurate for its purpose. he integrity of data is not only
whether the data is 'correct', but whether it can be trusted and relied upon.
ip
. Assurance that the systems responsible for delivering, storing and processing
information are accessible when needed, by those who need them.
ip here are rules governing how data is transferred over networks, how they are compressed,
how they are presented on the screen and so on. hese set of rules are called protocols. here
are many protocols, each one governing the way a certain technology works.
ip cP: ransmission control Protocol, used for the reliable transmission of data over a network.
ip HP: Hypertext ransfer Protocol, used for transmitting and displaying information in the form
of web pages on browsers.
ip FP: File ransfer Protocol, used for file transfer (uploading and downloading) over the Internet
ip A $
is a computer program that delivers content, such as web page, using the
hypertext transfer protocol. his service is also referred to as web hosting.
ip Every web server has a unique address so that other computers connected to the internet know
where to find it on the vast network. he IP address looks something like this: 69.93.141.146.
ip
exposes business logic to client applications. While a Web server mainly
deals with sending HML for display in a Web browser, an application server provides access to
business logic for use by client application programs.
ip An
is a computer that receives outgoing mail messages from users and routes them
to their intended recipients.
ip he ¦omain Name system(¦NS)is a powerful internet technology for converting domain names
to IP addresses. A key element of the ¦NS is a worldwide collection of ¦ .
ip A ¦(
is any computer registered to join the ¦omain Name System. A ¦NS server runs
special-purpose networking software, features a public IP address, and contains a database of
network names and addresses for other Internet hosts.
ip FP, Short for ile ransfer rotocolîis the protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.
ip FP works in the same way as HP for transferring Web pages from a server to a user's
browser.
ip FP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the Internet or to upload a
file to a server (e.g., uploading a Web page file to a server).
ip An
is a software application running the File ransfer Protocol (FP), which is the
protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.
ip he Network News ransfer Protocol "NNP" has the effect of broadcasting every message to
(basically) every site, in contrast to email protocols which send messages to specific sites, and
HP, which only transfers the information on demand by the reader.
ip An ((
is set up by its system manager to know about some (at least one) nearby
servers. With these servers, there is an arrangement that they will pass news to each other.
Sometimes this arrangement is limited to certain news groups
ip Articles can be passed in both directions, and the servers compare article message-id headers to
see whether they have any new news for each other.
ip 1. Market demand: make a list of the services that are currently provided to customers,
suppliers and employees. Survey each group to find if the services you currently offer are
meeting the needs of each group
ip 2. Your firm͛s business strategy: Analyze your firm͛s five year business strategy and try to assess
what new capabilties will be required to achieve strategic goals
ip 3:Examine your firm͛s I plans for the next five years and assess its alignment with the firm͛s
business plans. ¦etermine total I infrastructure costs
ip 4:Information technology assessment: Is your firm behind the technology curve or at the
bleeding edge of information technology. Ñoth situations are to be avoided
ip he Seddon Model
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lp Systems Quality
lp Information Quality
lp IS use
lp User satisfaction
lp -rganizational impact
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ip Model focuses on the variance aspects of the interrelationships among the taxonomic
categories
Quality
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lp -rganizational usage of IS
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ip change management plans, initiates, realizes, controls, and finally stabilizes change processes
on both, corporate and personal levels
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ip First effects of change on employees, leaders, and on performance levels are negative
ip Most employees tend to react with resistance to change rather than seeing change as a chance
to initiate improvements
ip hey are afraid of losing something, because they have incomplete information on how the
change processes will effect their personal situation in terms of tasks, workload, or
responsibilities
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