A.

ETHNOASTRONOMICAL REVIEW:

What are Stars?

Nanu ya ing Batwin?
Ano nga ba ang Bituin?
What are Stars?
Nanu ya ing Batwin?
Ano nga ba ang Bituin?
Philipine folkastronomy have…
sulundagis, tala, balatik
That provide some hints of about stars and
other heavenly bodies. How they behave,
how they light up.
In Dr. Ambrosio’s work entitled “Balatik:
Etnoastronomiya, Kalangitan at
Kabihasnang Pilipino” added that our
ancestor ―read‖ the stars in the sky as
portents that affects their life.
In Dr. Ambrosio’s work entitled “Balatik:
Etnoastronomiya, Kalangitan at Kabihasnang
Pilipino” added that our ancestor ―read‖ the stars in
the sky as portents that affects their life.
Among the constellations and asterisms that were
named by our ancestors, two were given wide
recognition among the diverse regions of the
Philippine archipelago – Balatik and Moroporo.
Popularly known as
the “Tres Marias” (The
Three Marias) in Tagalog,
Magbangal in Bukidnon,
and Seretar in Teduray,
Balatik.
Balatik is composed of perfectly
aligned and evenly spaced stars
which act as the ―belt‖ of the
constellation of Orion (the Hunter
which is observable in the night
sky during the month of October
to May).
In Palawan and Ibaloi
however, Balatik is seen
as both the ―sword‖ and
―belt‖ of Orion.
Ancient Tagalogs have
Tala Batugan
Ancient Kapampangans have terms like
sulundagis, tala, simbul, batwin, etc.
Ancient Kapampangans
were guided by the sun,
moon and stars in their
everyday life. They fished
when the moon was full and
reckoned time by the
position of the sun. At times,
they also saw other strange,
celestial apparitions in the
sky--comets, eclipses and
streaking earth-bound
lights—that left them
awestruck and in fear.
They soon believed that
these ominous sights, too,
affected the course of their
future and their destinies.
As they gazed up the skies,
they began giving names
to these complex,
astronomical events, terms
that we seldom use today.
 B. BIG HISTORY PERSPECTIVE

What are Stars?

Nanu ya ing Batwin?
Ano nga ba ang Bituin?
 B. BIG HISTORY PERSPECTIVE

Remember the INGREDIENTS?

How about the GOLDILOCKS CONDITION?
Hotspots? New Structures? What are these
things?
A star system like the
our own Solar System
A galaxy like the Milky Way
Clusters and clusters
of galaxies
What are Stars?
Nanu la pin ding Batwin?
Ano nga kaya ang mga Bituin?
• Stars are large balls of hot gas.
• Stars are large balls of hot gas.
• They look small because they are
a long way away, but in fact
many are bigger and brighter
than the Sun.
• Stars are large balls of hot gas.
• They look small because they are
a long way away, but in fact
many are bigger and brighter
than the Sun.
• The heat of the star is made in the
center by nuclear fusion
reactions.
• Stars are large balls of hot gas.
• They look small because they are
a long way away, but in fact
many are bigger and brighter
than the Sun.
• The heat of the star is made in the
center by nuclear fusion
reactions.
• There are lots of different colors
and sizes of stars.
How are stars made?

INGREDIENTS?
How are stars made?

Stars are made

(or ―born‖) in giant
clouds of dust and
gas called
―nebula‖
Sometimes part of the
cloud shrinks because of
gravity. As it shrinks it
becomes hotter and
when it is hot enough,
nuclear reactions can
start in the centre…..
…billions of
hydrogen (H)
atoms fuse
together to form
helium (He) and
once the right
conditions are
met …
… a Star is Born!
 What happens next?
 Once nuclear fusion is producing heat
in the center of the new star, this heats
stops the rest of the star from collapsing.
 What happens next?
 Once nuclear fusion is producing heat
in the center of the new star, this heats
stops the rest of the star from collapsing.
 The star then stays almost exactly the
same for a long time (about 10 billion
years for a star like the Sun).
 What happens next?
 Once nuclear fusion is producing heat
in the center of the new star, this heats
stops the rest of the star from collapsing.
 The star then stays almost exactly the
same for a long time (about 10 billion
years for a star like the Sun).
 The balance between gravity trying to
make the star shrink and heat holding it
up is called
 What happens next?
 Once nuclear fusion is producing heat
in the center of the new star, this heats
stops the rest of the star from collapsing.
 The star then stays almost exactly the
same for a long time (about 10 billion
years for a star like the Sun).
 The balance between gravity trying to
make the star shrink and heat holding it
up is called
Thermodynamic Equilibrium.
GOLDILOCKS CONDITION
 Once nuclear fusion is producing heat
in the center of the new star, this heats
stops the rest of the star from collapsing.
 The star then stays almost exactly the
same for a long time (about 10 billion
years for a star like the Sun).
 The balance between gravity trying to
make the star shrink and heat holding it
up is called
Thermodynamic Equilibrium.
NEW COMPLEXITY
NEW COMPLEXITY

 Hotspots
 New Structures
Mipaslag no ring batwin!
Umilaw na ang mga bituin!
Dng Dalerayan (References):

 Dr. Dante L. Ambrosio’s Balatik: Ethnoastronomy in the Philippines

 Alex Catro’s KAPAMPANGAN ASTRONOMICAL TERMS, In
http://kaplistorian.blogspot.com/2017/04/43-12-kapampangan-astronomical-
terms.htmlM.
 Robby Tantingco’s Time and Tide. In romancing the Kapampangan language. Singsing
Vol. 4 No. 2.
 Kapampangan dictionary, as compiled by Fr/ Diego Bergano.OSA
 Oronce’s PowerPoint. Stars Light Up: threshold No. 2
 https://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/mbate/Cluster/pr.html
 https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/multimedia/sirtf/star.swf
 http://www.astro.cornell.edu/~romanova/e-po/star.swf
 http://www.telescope.org/pparc/res8.html
 http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/workx/starlife/StarpageS_26M.html